多通道光纤光栅压力传感解调系统的设计

针对现有压力监测系统精度较低且成本较高的问题,提出一种基于膜片和悬臂梁技术以及密集波分复用器(DWDM)的多通道光纤光栅压力传感解调系统。考虑到采用多个光电探测器会使系统结构复杂,所以采用光开关来简化。通过光开关分时扫描DWDM的各通道输出光功率,再配合软件进行数据处理,即可获得光纤光栅反射窄带光谱的中心波长与被测压力。实验表明该系统结构简单、成本低、精度较高,在压力范围为0～6MPa时,波长解调分辨率可达0. 3pm,压力测量精度可达0. 15MPa。     

利用WDM光纤耦合器的光纤光栅传感解调技术

根据 WDM 光纤耦合器波长解调方案的工作原理、偏振特性以及影响系统波长分辨力的因素,提出一种改进的利用 WDM 光纤耦合器的光纤光栅传感解调技术。该技术在原技术的基础上,采用偏振控制器控制入射光偏振状态,提高了解调的精度和稳定性。对 WDM 光纤耦合器的多次波长扫描结果表明,采用偏振控制器后,其波长误差可减小到 5pm 左右。实验采用 1540/1560nm的 WDM 光纤耦合器对单点光纤光栅应变传感器进行静态解调,结果表明:按此技术开发的解调系统具有 0.01nm 波长分辨力和 10nm 的波长线性解调范围。     

天津大学光纤传感技术研究部分最新进展

本文介绍了天津大学在光纤传感技术研究领域的最新进展.主要为:基于白光干涉实现了非本征光纤法珀和FBG并行解调,法珀腔长测量误差0.81 μm,FBG波长测量误差14 pm;基于光纤有源内腔结构夹现了乙炔气体传感,灵敏度优于100ppm;基于保偏光纤实现了分布式传感,灵敏度可达6 cm;基于边缘滤波器开发了光纤光栅解调仪,波长分辨力可达1.2pm,扫描速率超过200kHz;采用全光纤OCT技术实现了牙齿模型的二维、三维扫描;实现了光纤陀螺光纤环的温度、振动等动态特性检测.     

基于FBG的输电线路温度解调系统

温度监测是输电线路覆冰监测中的重要组成部分。本文研制出基于单片机的低成本高分辨率高精度光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)温度解调系统。该系统利用可调谐F-P滤波器法对温度传感器反射光谱进行波长解调。为降低F-P腔腔长漂移和压电陶瓷非线性的影响,采用3根FBG作为参考光纤光栅,对波长-温度曲线进行二次拟合求解。试验结果表明,该解调系统分辨率达1.4pm,精度达1.2℃,具有广泛实用性。     

用纤内Bragg光栅进行动态应变测量的研究

描述了用纤内Bragg光栅进行动态应变测量研究的意义，原理和方法，提出了两种用纤内Bragg光栅动态应变测量时进行Bragg波长偏移量的解调方法；光干涉相位检测Bragg光栅反射波长偏移的解调方法和用DWDM密集波分复用器解调Bragg波长的方法，前者适用于高频宽带动态应变测量，后者适用于有限频率或中等频率响应的动态应变测量。     

用于光纤解调仪表的SOA扫描光源研究

光纤传感技术是近年来迅速发展的新型计量测试技术之一。光源系统作为传感解调的关键部件,宽光谱高质量的扫描光源可提高光纤传感系统的解调精度及负载能力。本文对半导体光放大器(SOA)的管脚进行了性能测试,并利用SOA建立了一种采用环形腔结构的扫描光源系统,针对MOI公司生产的两款不同型号光纤F-P可调谐滤波器进行了实验分析。得到扫描范围较宽,频率较高,平坦度良好的扫描光源系统,并总结出目前依然存在的问题。     

基于RSOA和高阶QAM调制的OFDMA-PON上行传输系统

正交频分复用多址接入无源光网络OFDMA-PON具有良好的抗色散、抗偏振模色散、带宽分配灵活等优点,极有可能成为下一代光接入网的应用接入标准。采用Matlab7.0和Optisystem 7.0软件设计了一种基于RSOA的32QAM OFDMA-PON上行传输系统。该系统相邻的ONU共享一个波长,节省波长资源,在OLT中采用注入锁定的上行波长光源,实现ONU的无色化。OLT接收端同步接收后,对共用波长的两个ONU的OFDM信号分别进行OFDM解调的方法,避免了OLT中严格的同步,降低了接收端的复杂度。     

基于VC++的FBG解调系统软件设计

阐述了基于DSP的光纤布拉格光栅(Fiber Bragg Grating,FBG)波长解调系统原理.系统使用单片DSP进行信号采集,通过USB2.0高速串行口将采集的数据传送给上位机,由上位机软件对FBG波长进行解调.FBG波长的解调包括数字滤波、波长峰值计算和在线拟合标定,提出了VC++和MATLAB混合编程的方式实现巴特沃斯数字滤波和波长的拟合标定,并由质心法获得波长峰值.通过测试实验获得了准确的检测结果.     

基于交叉式Czerny-Turner结构的光纤光栅解调光路设计及像差校正

为满足光纤光栅传感系统的解调仪器高分辨力、微型化的需求,针对光纤光栅传感1 550 nm波段设计了光谱成像法光纤光栅解调系统的分光光路系统.成像系统形式采用交叉式Czerny-Turner结构,分析了使用超环面镜代替球面镜、在结构中加入额外的柱面透镜或柱面反射镜以及使衍射光栅工作在发散光条件下的3种校正像散方法的特点,最终选用使衍射光栅工作在发散光条件下的校正像散方法,实现在不加入附加光学元件条件下的像散校正,同时采用小角度入射的方法减小系统彗差.通过Zemax对成像系统进行了参数优化与光线追迹分析,优化结果证明了上述像差校正方法适用于光纤光栅解调.在解调光谱范围内,可明显分开波长间隔为1 nm的光斑,满足光纤光栅解调的分辨力需求.     

基于可调光纤F—P滤波器解调的分布式光纤光栅传感系统

提出并实现了一种可满足工程实用要求的波分复用光纤光栅传感网络解决方案，系统通过可调谐光纤F-P滤波器的连续扫描实现波长信号的解调，该传感系统扫描带宽50nm，单点工作带宽5nm，对一般应用系统每根单纤可设20-30个点，系统最高扫描频率200Hz，分辨率5pm(约5με或0．5℃)。     

Hybrid Wavelength-Time-Domain Interrogation System for Multiplexed Fiber Bragg Sensors Using a Strain-Tuned Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser

A system for the interrogation of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors using a strain-tuned EDF laser with linear cavity is described. An optical switch is spliced to one end of the laser cavity and connects one of two high-strength draw-tower fiber Bragg gratings (DTGs). The gratings are simultaneously tuned by a stretching device and act as the end reflector of the laser cavity. By applying a ramp signal to the actuator synchronized to the optical switch, the laser signal sweeps over two different wavelength intervals, depending on the connected DTG. This approach represents a hybrid wavelength-time-domain interrogation for multiplexed sensors and doubles the number of sensors that may be addressed when compared with single DTG scanning. In addition, the use of the DTG allows a fivefold increase in the strain tuned wavelength interval over standard fiber Bragg gratings. An example application is demonstrated where temperature inside an electrical motor is measured during operation.     

Low-cost fiber Bragg grating vibroacoustic sensor for voice and heartbeat detection

A fiber Bragg grating (FBG) vibroacoustic sensor exploiting an intensity-based interrogation principle is presented. The optical system is complemented by signal processing techniques that allow disturbances to be mitigated and improve the spectral estimation. The sensor is capable of performing frequency analysis of sounds up to 3 kHz, with top sensitivity in the 100-500 Hz frequency range, and of dynamically tracking pulsed phenomena that induce a strain to the FBG. The sensor has been applied to the detection of voice, showing a great intelligibility of the speech despite the low-quality environment, and to the monitoring of the heartbeat rate from the wrist.     

Dynamic two-axis curvature measurement using multicore fiber Bragg gratings interrogated by arrayed waveguide gratings

We describe the use of arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) in the interrogation of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) for dynamic strain measurement. The ratiometric AWG output was calibrated in a static deflection experiment over a +/-200 microepsilon range. Dynamic strain measurement was demonstrated with a FBG in a conventional single-mode fiber mounted on the surface of a vibrating cantilever and on a piezoelectric actuator, giving a resolution of 0.5 microepsilon at 2.4 kHz. We present results of this technique extended to measure the dynamic differential strain between two FBG pairs within a multicore fiber. An arbitrary cantilever oscillation of the multicore fiber was determined from curvature measurements in two orthogonal axes at 1125 Hz with a resolution of 0.05 m(-1).     

Spectral characterization of integrated acousto-optic tunable filters by means of laser frequency modulation spectroscopy

The spectral characteristics of an integrated acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) as well as its responsivity to the rf driving signal and sensitivity to temperature changes are experimentally investigated and quantified using a diode-laser-based interrogation system. A spectroscopic technique, exploiting the rf frequency modulation of the laser beam and the phase-sensitive detection of the AOTF transmission, has been used for this purpose. That allows for the generation of a dispersivelike signal, which serves as a reference for tracking any wavelength change of the filter's peak with high resolution. The possibility of using the integrated AOTF as a spectrum analyzer with this interrogation scheme for fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensing is also discussed.     

Miniaturized Optical Fiber Sensor Interrogation System Employing Echelle Diffractive Gratings Demultiplexer for Potential Aerospace Applications

To enable the application of optical fiber sensors to aerospace vehicles, the sensor interrogation or data acquisition system has to meet small size and low weight requirements. This paper presents the developmental work of an echelle diffractive gratings (EDGs) demultiplexer-based optical fiber sensor interrogation system. The operation principle of this system and its application to fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor interrogation are presented. The experimental results have shown that the developed interrogator (not including the electronic controller) weighs less than 60 g and provides better than 1 pm measurement resolution and better than plusmn10 pm measurement accuracy.     

High-speed internal strain measurements in composite structures under dynamic load using embedded FBG sensors

Internal strain measurements in cross-ply carbon-epoxy composite plates under dynamic loads are carried out using embedded FBG sensors. The principle of the FBG interrogation is based on intensity demodulation achieved via a Fabry-Pérot filter. To account for the non-linearity of the filter, the system is calibrated and the amplitude of the strain data is validated. Strains are acquired at a rate of 100 kHz with a noise level as low as 2 με and used for modal analysis and strain monitoring in low energy impact. The experimental results under impact and modal analysis compare very well with pertinent numerical models and modal analysis obtained from laser vibrometer measurements.     

Modeling, design, fabrication, and testing of a fiber Bragg grating strain sensor array

The modeling, design, simulation, fabrication, calibration, and testing of a three-element, 15.3 cm fiber Bragg grating strain sensor array with the coherent optical frequency domain reflectometry (C-OFDR) interrogation technique are demonstrated. The fiber Bragg grating array (FBGA) is initially simulated using in-house software that incorporates transfer matrices. Compared to the previous techniques used, the transfer matrix method allows a systemwide approach to modeling the FBGA-C-OFDR system. Once designed and simulated, the FBGA system design is then imprinted into the core of a boron-germanium codoped photosensitive fiber using the phase mask technique. A fiber optic Fabry-Perot interferometric (FPI) strain gauge calibrator is then used to determine the strain gauge factor of a single fiber Bragg grating (FBG), and the results are used on the FBGA. The FPI strain gauge calibrator offers nondestructive testing of the FBG. To test the system, the FBGA is then attached to a 75 cm cantilever beam and interrogated using an incremental tunable laser. Electric strain gauges (ESGs) are then used to independently verify the strain measurements with the FBGA at various displacements of the cantilever beam. The results show that the peak strain error is 18% with respect to ESG results. In addition, good agreement is shown between the simulation and the experimental results.     

Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor System With Two-Level Ring Architecture

This investigation proposes a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor system with a two-level ring architecture. The survivability and capacity of a FBG for a multipoint sensor system are enhanced by adding remote nodes and optical switches in the two-level ring architecture. Additionally, to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the sensor system, a fiber ring laser approach is utilized to construct the proposed two-level ring architecture. The fiber ring laser adopted herein yields the high SNR of the sensor system. The proposed system can increase the reliability of FBG sensor systems for multipoint smart structures.      

Nonlinearity Compensation of the Fiber Bragg Grating Interrogation System Based on an Arrayed Waveguide Grating

In this paper, we report on nonlinearity compensation for a solid-state fiber bragg grating (FBG) sensor interrogation system based on an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) device. A lookup table with calibration data is used to improve system linearity. A reduction in the absolute value of the measurement error from 120 mustrain or 15degC to 4.8 mustrain or 0.6degC, respectively, is experimentally demonstrated.