共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 218 毫秒
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为了实现大型复杂工什快速检测,对数字近景摄影测量关键技术进行了研究,实现了一套适合于大型复杂工件的现场快速测量系统。使用环形编码标志点实现相机姿态自动定向,将相机自标定技术应用于光束平差,用于优化测量结果。通过多个相机位置外极关系解决仆编码标志点的匹配与重建问题,去除了标志点厚度带来的测量误差。实验结果表明,该系统20分钟内町以完成3m×3m×0.5m的大型工件测量,与代表田际先进测试水平系统的测试结果偏差小于0.01mm。 相似文献
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直接用稀疏的光束法平差(SBA)优化张正友单相机标定算法结果会得到多组不同的相机内部参数和畸变参数(统称相机参数)。本文在SBA数学模型的基础之上增加了相机参数相等的约束,建立了一种受约束的稀疏光束法平差(CSBA)模型,提出了一种新的矩阵分块策略,提高了稀疏线性方程组的求解效率。运用模拟实验,验证了CSBA算法在图像特征点像素坐标不具备零均值高斯误差时也能得到唯一的优化相机参数。最后将所提CSBA算法应用于双目立体视觉系统,实测实验结果表明,所提算法能够同时优化立体视觉中的相机内外部参数并提高三维重建结果的精度。 相似文献
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大型复杂曲面产品近景工业摄影测量系统开发 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
针对大型工件的复杂曲面难以精确测量,国外的商用摄影测量软件占据垄断地位.在国内率先开发了近景工业摄影测量系统XJTUDP,介绍了系统的组成、开发内容,研究了基于亚像素边缘拟合的高精度标志点中心检测方法、编码点设计及编码点自动检测方法.重点研究了基于摄影测量的相机标定和三维重建技术,包括共线方程、基于共面方程的像片定向、直接线性变换解法、外极线几何约束和光束平差解法.参照VDI/VDE2634测试方案,以自行设计的立方体框架为对象,对XJTUDP系统和TRITOP系统进行了测试,得出两者精度均小于0.1mm/m的结论,证明开发的系统完全可以应用在工业测量领域. 相似文献
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研究了无平台信息的视频图像拼接,提出了基于相似性积累与光束法平差的机载视频图像拼接方法.该方法借鉴字符串匹配的基本思想,用基于相似性积累的帧匹配方法解决无平台信息下的帧间优化匹配问题;采用基于光束法平差的空间变换参数估计方法消除序贯拼接所可能产生的累积误差,并消除序贯拼接所可能产生的累积误差,并给出了相应的优化算法.利... 相似文献
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针对振动条件下雷达天线型面变形测量问题,设计了基于双目视觉动态摄影测量系统.介绍了系统的组成和工作流程,并对其中的相机同步技术、相机控制场标定技术、圆形标志点中心定位技术、像点自动匹配技术进行了研究.系统通过图像采集卡实现了一种廉价的ns级双相机同步方式.用10参数模型对相机进行了标定.采用了一种高反射率的圆形人工标志,通过Canny灰度质心的方法实现了圆形标志点中心的定位.系统用两种方法实现了像点的自动匹配:第一种是基于待测物体近似坐标的驱动点匹配方法.第二种则是运用核线约束、像点残差约束和相对关系约束,完成像点自动匹配.进行了振动测量试验,试验结果表明在物距为1.5 m和物体振动频率小于50 Hz条件下,系统点位测量精度小于0.3 mm,平面度测量精度小于0.1 mm. 相似文献
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Regarding the calibration of a stereo vision measurement system, this paper puts forward a new bundle adjustment algorithm based on the stereo vision camera calibration method. Multiple-view geometric constraints and a bundle adjustment algorithm are used to optimize the inner and outer parameters of the camera accurately. A fixed relative constraint relationship between cameras is introduced. We have improved the normal equation construction process of the traditional bundle adjustment method, so that each iteration process occurs just outside the parameters of two images that are taken by a camera that has been optimized to better integrate two cameras bound together as one camera. The relationship between the fixed relative constraints can effectively increase the number of superfluous observations of the adjustment system and optimize higher accuracy while reducing the dimension of the normal matrix; it means that each iteration will reduce the time required. Simulation and actual experimental results show the superior performance of the proposed approach in terms of robustness and accuracy, and our approach also can be extended to stereo-vision system with more than two cameras. 相似文献
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针对自动络筒机落纱小车自主开发需求,设计出一种基于机器视觉的条码尺精确测量技术检测落纱小车在轨道上的位置。该测量方法以条码尺为基准,条码尺由刻度尺和条形码组成。实验中首先在相机初始位置对相机与条码尺进行标定,相机移动过程中实时获取当前对应条码尺图像,计算出当前条码尺坐标,从而计算出相机相对于条码尺的位移。结果表明:该测量方法无累积误差,实现了小车在行走过程中位置的实时监测。相机帧频为30 Hz、物距为15 cm时,输出图像分辨率为640×480像素;小车运行速度小于2 cm/s时,条码尺坐标测量误差小于1 mm;速度在2~6 cm/s之间时,条码尺坐标测量误差为1~2 mm;速度为6~10 cm/s时,条码尺坐标测量误差为2~3.5 mm。该方法能够满足落纱小车低速运行情况下定位精度的要求。 相似文献
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提出了基于激光跟踪仪折射补偿的三维模体定位精度原位检测方法,建立了ADM和IFM测距误差补偿与靶球空间位置坐标求解模型,进行了理论模型验证实验与三维模体定位精度检测对比实验,实现了激光跟踪仪在玻璃介质下的高精度测量。实验结果表明:X、Y、Z坐标补偿前后的平均偏差分别由3.410mm、0.407mm、1.732mm减小到0.022mm、0.015mm、0.035mm,相邻点距离的平均偏差由0.266mm减小到0.017mm,与空气中激光跟踪仪的测量精度相当。在此基础上,以无玻璃遮挡的悬挂式检测方法为基准,两种方法测得的定位误差基本吻合。最后,利用蒙特卡洛法分析得到相邻点距离测量误差的标准差为0.012mm,满足检测要求。 相似文献
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In phase measurement profilometry (PMP), the projector can be regarded as another camera according to the reversibility of the light path principle. The relationship of projecting spatial points to image plane of camera and projector is studied, and the phase–height mapping equation without projector distortion is obtained. The equation is then expanded to a polynomial for the convenience of calibration. Furthermore, the relation between the distortion value and the phase is investigated. Finally the phase–height mapping algorithm considering projector distortion and its polynomial expression are acquired. The accuracy of approximation is studied and compared with another two existing algorithms by computer simulation. It is revealed that the absolute error of the new algorithm expressed with quartic polynomial reaches 5.380× 10?3 mm and its standard deviation reaches 3.354× 10?4 mm under general lens distortion. The accuracy of the new algorithm is the highest among the three algorithms. In experiment, the standard deviation of the measurement reaches 0.04 mm even though the result is affected by measurement error. 相似文献
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This paper proposes an adjustment method for binocular vision measurement to calibrate a camera's internal and external parameters based on a one dimensional (1D) target in the field of view. A 1D target with two feature points lying randomly in the field of view is used to get the images of the feature points. The distance between the two feature points is known. The internal and external parameters can be acquired by solving equations combining the photograph measurement collinear equations and the feature points' distance equations. To solve these equations, we use linearization of nonlinear equations and the adjustment method. During the process, we deal with the equations as measurement equations and the internal/external parameters and the 3D target points as the unknown parameters to calculate them. According to field experiment results, in about a 600 mm×600 mm field of view, the relative error of the distance of two points is less than two ten-thousandths, obtained by using the calculated results of the binocular vision system. The calibration process is simple, convenient, and suitable for calibrating a camera on the spot. 相似文献
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利用从运动中恢复结构方法(SFM),提出了一种基于多视图立体视觉的沙堆三维重建及三维尺寸测量方法。首先根据SFM方法的求解不稳定特点,结合光束平差法对SFM求解过程进行分析及优化;其次针对SFM重建结果为稀疏点云的问题,利用基于面片的稠密重建算法重新生成稠密的三维点云,再利用泊松算法对密集点云进行三维曲面重建;最后获得模型的三维尺寸信息。对某建筑工地的沙堆进行了三维尺寸的测量实验,实验结果验证了该方法的有效及可行性,提高了重建能力及精度,同时考虑了目标实际测量误差与重建误差,能够满足实际智能测量的应用需求。 相似文献
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目的为了提高包装搬运机器人的定位精度,提出一种基于机器视觉的末端执行器定位方法。方法基于OpenCV设计一种视觉标定算法,该算法包括摄像机标定和位姿标定,可实现待码放物体图像坐标和机械手坐标之间的变换。结合工控机和运动控制卡设计其控制系统,同时给出硬件设计和软件设计方法。最后进行实验研究,包括原点定位和重复定位。结果实验结果表明,所述控制方法能够提高搬运机器人的定位精度,原点定位误差约为0.14 mm,重复定位误差约为0.6 mm。结论该搬运机器人定位方法能够满足包装码垛要求。 相似文献