桑蚕丝纤维经纳米ZnO处理后的聚集态结构研究

为了改善蚕丝纤维的性能，提高真丝制品的附加值，采用纳米ZnO3分散液对其处理，通过FT—IR，XRD，DSC等手段分析了桑蚕丝纤维的聚集态结构。结果表明：经纳米ZnO分散液处理的蚕丝纤维内部构象有β化趋势，纤维结晶度有较大提高，热力学性能有所增强。     

经壳聚糖处理的盐缩丝纤维结构与性能

采用壳聚糖溶液对盐缩丝纤维进行处理,对比分析了普通桑蚕丝和不同盐缩时间处理盐缩丝的增／失重情况,并对壳聚糖处理后的丝纤维的微观形态、聚集态结构和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,经壳聚糖处理后,盐缩丝纤维表面有壳聚糖附着,丝纤维结晶度提高,内部结构呈β化趋势。壳聚糖处理后盐缩丝的断裂强度基本不变,急弹性和弹性变形增加。     

胶原蛋白处理对桑蚕丝结构与性能的影响

对经胶原蛋白溶液处理的桑蚕丝纤维的结构与性能进行了研究.研究结果表明,经胶原蛋白处理后,真丝纤维表面出现了明显纵向条纹,且随着胶原蛋白溶液浓度的增加而增强.处理后真丝纤维的强度有所提高,聚集态结构有β化趋势.     

经纳米TiO2和壳聚糖处理桑蚕丝的性能

制备粒径为20～60nm的纳米TiO2和壳聚糖分散体系,分散体系中含有能使壳聚糖与桑蚕丝纤维发生反应的交联剂和催化剂。研究结果表明,以此分散体系对桑蚕丝进行处理后,桑蚕丝纤维的热稳定性增强,断裂强度、断裂伸长率、杨氏模量、断裂功以及急缓弹性均有所提高。     

壳聚糖季铵盐处理桑蚕丝纤维的工艺研究

采用壳聚糖与2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵制备壳聚糖季铵盐:2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵壳聚糖(简称HTCC),并将其用于桑蚕丝纤维的改性,探索了HTCC溶液处理丝纤维的工艺条件,并研究了经HTCC溶液处理前后桑蚕丝纤维表面微观形态和内部结构的变化情况。结果表明,丝纤维经HTCC溶液处理后有一定的增重现象,HTCC质量浓度和柠檬酸质量分数对丝纤维增重率的影响均非常显著;经HTCC溶液处理后桑蚕丝纤维表面有明显的纵向条纹和附着物,表面N元素周围的化学环境发生了变化,N元素含量明显降低,内部结构呈现β化趋势。     

壳聚糖季铵盐处理对真丝纤维结构与性能的影响

采用两种不同分子量的壳聚糖合成了水溶性壳聚糖季铵盐（HTCC），并对经HTCC溶液处理后桑蚕丝的聚集态结构和力学性能进行研究。结果表明，壳聚糖合成HTCC的取代反应主要发生在壳聚糖的氨基上；经HTCC溶液处理后，普通桑蚕丝的断裂强度和伸长率增大，结晶度提高，热稳定性增强。     

纳米氧化锌对蚕丝织物抗菌性能的研究

采用平均粒径53．16nm的纳米ZnO分散液对桑蚕丝进行整理加工,研究了其结构和抗菌性能。结果表明,处理后的桑丝纤维纵向表面出现纳米ZnO吸附,纤维内部构象有口化趋势;经整理后的蚕丝织物对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌抑菌率分别达到了94．1％和90．9％。     

纳米TiO2壳聚糖对柞蚕丝结构与性能的影响

 制备了粒径分布为30~60 nm的纳米TiO₂壳聚糖分散处理液,用该处理液对柞蚕丝进行改性,研究改性后柞蚕丝的结构与力学性能。结果表明:所制备的处理液中纳米TiO₂微粒分散良好;处理液中的柠檬酸和马来酸酐作为交联剂与柞蚕丝和壳聚糖之间发生交联反应,柞蚕丝经处理后结晶度提高并有β化趋势;处理后柞蚕丝纤维的纵向表面具有轻微的纵向条纹;其力学性能包括断裂强度、断裂伸长率、弹性模量和断裂功均有一定程度的提高。     

经稀土处理的真丝纤维结构与性能

采用稀土溶液对脱胶桑蚕丝进行处理，用扫描电子镜、红外光谱、X射线等手段观察稀土处理后的丝素的微观形态结构和聚集态结构。表明，真丝纤维经稀土处理后，丝纤维表面有明显的分纤现象；丝纤维结晶度下降，取向度提高，纤维内部结构呈β化趋势，处理后丝纤维的断裂强度提高。     

HTCC处理对盐缩丝纤维结构与性能的影响

采用壳聚糖季铵盐(HTCC)溶液对盐缩丝纤维进行处理,对比和分析了普通桑蚕丝纤维及经HTCC溶液处理前后盐缩丝的表面微观形态、聚集态结构及力学性能的变化情况.结果表明,经HTCC溶液处理后,盐缩丝纤维表面有明显的纵向刻痕,内部结构变得紧密,结晶度提高,热稳定性增强,力学性能得到一定程度的改善.     

人参皂苷Rh2-壳聚糖纳米粒子制备及对A549细胞的抑制作用

人参皂苷Rh2是一种具有抑制肿瘤生长功效的生物活性物质。本实验采用离子交联的方法制备壳聚糖纳米粒子包载人参皂苷Rh2,以解决Rh2的水溶性差、生物相容度低的问题。以纳米粒子的粒径、Zeta-电位为评价指标,对制备条件（m（壳聚糖）∶m（三聚磷酸钠）、壳聚糖分子质量以及Rh2投药量）进行探究,筛选纳米粒子最佳成球条件;通过透射电子显微镜、原子力显微镜对纳米粒子形态进行观察,采用X射线衍射考察晶型变化;最后通过体外实验探究载药纳米粒子对人非小细胞肺癌A549细胞增殖的影响以及细胞对其的摄取行为。结果表明,最优条件（m（壳聚糖）∶m（Rh2）∶m（三聚磷酸钠）为8∶1.5∶2、壳聚糖分子质量为50 kDa）下制备得到的载药纳米粒子粒径和Zeta-电位分别为（222.70±17.34）nm和（46.50±2.57）mV,载药量和包封率分别为7.89%和49.54%,载药纳米粒子分布均一、性能稳定,适用于药物递送。细胞实验结果显示载药纳米粒子能够被A549细胞摄取,较游离药物抑制A549细胞的增殖作用增强。研究表明离子交联法制备而成的壳聚糖纳米粒子是一种具有应用前景的Rh2递送载体。     

Synthesis and controlled-release properties of chitosan/β-Lactoglobulin nanoparticles as carriers for oral administration of epigallocatechin gallate

A nano-sized double-walled carrier composed of chitosan and β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) for oral administration of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) was developed to achieve a prolonged release of EGCG in the gastrointestinal tract. Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC) solution was added dropwise to chitosan hydrochloride (CHC) containing EGCG to form a primary coating by ionic complexation. Subsequently, β-Lg was added to create a secondary layer by ionic gelation. The obtained EGCG-loaded chitosan/β-Lg nanoparticles had sizes between 100 and 500 nm and zeta potentials ranging from 10 to 35mV. FT-IR spectroscopy revealed a high number of hydrogen-bonding sites in the nanoparticles, which could incorporate EGCG, resulting in high encapsulation efficiency. EGCG incorporated in the primary coating was released slowly over time by diffusion from the swollen CMC-CHC matrix after the outer layer of β-Lg was degraded in the intestinal fluid. The sustained-release property makes chitosan/β-Lg nanoparticles an attractive candidate for effective delivery of EGCG.     

壳聚糖/磺丁基-β-环糊精纳米粒子的制备及其对海藻酸钠膜物理性能的影响

以壳聚糖（chitosan,CS）和磺丁基-β-环糊精（sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin,SBE-β-CD）为原料制备CS/SBE-β-CD纳米粒子,通过单因素试验探究不同条件对CS/SBE-β-CD纳米粒子粒径、多分散系数（polydispersity index,PDI）和Zeta电位的影响,得到CS/SBE-β-CD纳米粒子制备的最佳条件,并以透射电子显微镜（transmission electron microscope,TEM）和傅里叶变换红外光谱（Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR）对CS/SBE-β-CD纳米粒子进行结构表征,探究添加CS/SBE-β-CD纳米粒子对海藻酸钠膜机械性能（拉伸强度、断裂延伸率）以及物理性能（膜厚度、水蒸气透过率（water vapor permeability,WVP））的影响。结果表明,CS/SBE-β-CD纳米粒子的最佳条件为CS分子质量100 kDa、CS溶液pH 4.0、CS质量浓度0.75 mg/mL、CS与SBE-β-CD质量比0.8∶1。该条件下制备的CS/SBE-β-CD纳米粒子粒径、PDI以及Zeta电位分别为245.1 nm、0.068和＋30.2 mV。TEM观察发现CS/SBE-β-CD纳米粒子粒径均一且为规则球形。FTIR分析结果显示,CS与SBE-β-CD之间发生了静电结合,同时CS/SBE-β-CD纳米粒子形成后氢键作用增强。与空白海藻酸钠膜溶液相比,当膜溶液中CS/SBE-β-CD纳米粒子的质量浓度为1.00 mg/mL时,复合膜的拉伸强度由18.18 MPa增加到29.15 MPa,断裂延伸率由38.91%下降至26.42%,WVP由0.36 g·mm/（m2·h·kPa）下降至0.21 g·mm/（m2·h·kPa）。本研究制备的CS/SBE-β-CD纳米粒子能够改善和提高海藻酸钠膜的机械性能与物理性能。     

Highly stable, edible cellulose films incorporating chitosan nanoparticles

The need for biodegradable polymers for packaging has fostered the development of novel, biodegradable polymeric materials from natural sources, as an alternative to reduce amount of waste and environmental impacts. The present investigation involves the synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles-carboxymethylcellulose films, in view of their increasing areas of application in packaging industry. The entire process consists of 2-steps including chitosan nanoparticles preparation and their incorporation in carboxymethylcellulose films. Uniform and stable particles were obtained with 3 different chitosan concentrations. The morphology of chitosan nanoparticles was tested by transmission electron microscopy, revealing the nanoparticles size in the range of 80 to 110 nm. The developed film chitosan nanoparticles-carboxymethylcellulose films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis, solubility tests, and mechanical analysis. Improvement of thermal and mechanical properties were observed in films containing nanoparticles, with the best results occurring upon addition of nanoparticles with 110 nm size in carboxymethylcellulose films. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Carboxymethylcellulose films containing chitosan nanoparticles synthesized and characterized in this article could be a potential material for food and beverage packaging applications products due to the increase mechanical properties and high stability. The potential application of the nanocomposites prepared would be in packaging industry to extend the shelf life of products.     

Preparation of Chitosan‐Alginate Nanoparticles for Trans‐cinnamaldehyde Entrapment

Trans‐cinnamaldehyde incorporated chitosan‐alginate nanoparticles were synthesized using the ionic gelation and polyelectrolyte complexation technique. Alginate, chitosan, calcium chloride, and trans‐cinnamaldehyde at predetermined concentrations were complexed electrostatically to optimize particle size and loading efficiency. A final methodology using optimized processing parameters (for example, stirring time, homogenization time, equilibration time, and droplet size) was developed. The best working alginate to chitosan mass ratio was determined to be 1.5:1 at a pH dispersion of 4.7. Particle size (166.26 nm) and encapsulation efficiency (73.24%) were further optimized at this mass ratio using an alginate:calcium chloride mass ratio of 4.8:1, alginate:trans‐cinnamaldehyde mass ratio of 37.5:1, a 18 gauge syringe needle, stirring times of 90 min, 15 min of homogenization at 21000 rpm, and equilibration time of 24 h. Optimized nanoparticles showed increased stability (6 wk) and translucency in solution. The final radical scavenging effect of loaded particles in apple juice was 62% and trans‐cinnamaldehyde was just as available to react in free form as it was in inclusion complexes. The final nanoparticle system with modified and optimized processing parameters reduced the size by 43.6% and increased entrapment efficiency by 17.2%. Nanoparticles resembled a spherical shell and core type arrangement (that is, spherical, distinct, and regular) and were in the size range of 10 to 100 nm.     

响应面法优化载儿茶素叶酸偶联壳聚糖纳米粒的制备工艺

采用响应面法对载儿茶素叶酸偶联壳聚糖纳米粒的制备工艺进行优化。利用叶酸活性酯与壳聚糖酰化反应制备叶酸偶联壳聚糖。通过单因素和响应面试验,以儿茶素包封率为考察指标,采用分子自组装原理制备载儿茶素叶酸偶联壳聚糖纳米粒并进行工艺优化。结果表明,最佳制备工艺条件为：儿茶素与叶酸偶联壳聚糖质量比9∶20、叶酸偶联壳聚糖与三聚磷酸钠质量比3.93∶1、反应溶液pH 5.15、搅拌时间32.35 min。在此条件下,儿茶素包封率为23.45%,与理论值23.90%接近。透射电镜图表明所制纳米粒大小均匀,接近于规则球形,粒径分布在200～500 nm范围内。利用响应面法优化载儿茶素叶酸偶联壳聚糖纳米粒的制备工艺是可行的。     

基于β-环糊精包合技术的棉织物熏衣草芳香整理

为减少纺织品中功能性香精的挥发性,延长留香时间,利用β-环糊精(-βCD)独特的分子结构和包合性质,以薰衣草香精为例,采用浸渍法,使用索氏萃取以及紫外分光光度计,在正交试验设计基础上,研究包合时间、包合温度、pH值及乙醇与水质量比等包合条件对β-环糊精包合效果的影响。得到的最优包合条件:时间为2 h,温度为30℃,pH值为9,乙醇与水的质量比为1∶1。最优条件下,在经5%环糊精处理过的棉织物上,环糊精吸收香精比例可达81.65%,体现了其良好的包合性能。     

Quercetin-Loaded Lecithin/Chitosan Nanoparticles for Functional Food Applications

This study aimed at the encapsulation of quercetin into lecithin/chitosan nanoparticles using the electrostatic self-assembly technique, followed by evaluation of their functionality (antioxidant activity) and stability at different environmental conditions. These nanoparticles were characterized in terms of: average size, morphology, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, loading, and spectroscopic characteristics. Quercetin has been successfully encapsulated in lecithin/chitosan nanoparticles with an efficiency of 96.13?±?0.44 %. Nanoparticles presented a spherical morphology with an average size of 168.58?±?20.94 nm and a zeta potential of 56.46?±?1.94 mV. Stability studies showed that nanoparticles are stable to temperatures ranging between 5 and 70 °C and a pH variation from 3.3 to 5.0. Moreover, encapsulated quercetin showed improved antioxidant properties when compared to free-quercetin. Our results suggest that quercetin-loaded lecithin/chitosan nanoparticles can be used in the manufacture of functional foods.     

A comparative study on the performance of dye removal,from aqueous suspension,using (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin-CS,PVP-PVA-CS,PVA-CS,PVP-CS and plain CS microspheres

This paper reports the results of the study on the performance of the removal of Cibacron Brilliant Yellow 3G-P and Calmagite, from aqueous solution, using either prepared 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin-chitosan [HPβCD-CS], poly(vinylalcohol)-polyvinylpyrrolidone-chitosan [PVA-PVP-CS], Poly(vinylalcohol)-chitosan [PVA-CS], polyvinylpyrrolidone-chitosan [PVP-CS] or plain chitosan microspheres [CS]. Modified CS molecules were analysed using FT-IR and TG-DTA techniques. Adsorption experiments were carried out and compared through varying mass ratio, contact time, initial dye concentration and temperature. Among the five studied adsorbents, the highest adsorption capacity was reached using HPβCD-CS. Kinetic equations were applied and the first-order model was shown to fit the adsorption phenomenon. The applicability of Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich equations was tested and the Langmuir isotherm exhibited the best fit with the experimental data. Data gleaned from both modelling and thermodynamic results indicate that the adsorption follows a physical and exothermic process.