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锑的污染及其毒性效应和生物有效性 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
1锑的简介锑的英文名称为Antimony,其元素符号Sb则来自拉丁文名称Stibium。锑是一种重要的有色金属,有灰锑、黄锑、黑锑3种同素异形体。锑在地壳中质量比含量约为5×10-5%,排在93种天然元素的第64位。锑在自然界中主要有以下几种分布形式:(1)自然锑、锑砷和锑银合金;(2)硫化物和氧化物(如灰锑矿Sb2S3、硫氧锑矿Sb2S2O);(3)含硫盐,主要是由络阴离子[SbS3]3-与Ag、Cu、Pb、Fe形成含硫盐矿物(如车轮矿CuPbSbS3等);(4)氧化物(如锑华Sb2O3、方锑矿等);(5)锑酸盐(如羟锑铅盐等)。而最主要的锑矿物是灰锑矿(Sb2S3)。我国是世界上锑储量最… 相似文献
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锑是十大有色金属之一。测定各种样品中的低量锑,有利于锑的冶炼、回收与利用;锑对人体及其它生物的毒性随着价态和积累的量而异,在环境污染调查、食品卫生等方面,锑是重要的检测项目。本文用空气—乙炔焰原子吸收光谱法,在10%HCl介质中测定矿石中低量锑。方法具有简单、快捷、准确、节省试剂等优点。方法灵敏度为0.6ug/ml/1%,线性范围为0.5 ̄32ug/ml,精密度为1.4%。本文测定了铅锌矿中的锑,结果为0.55%,与标准值对照,准确度为2%。 相似文献
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以复杂铅锑多金属硫化物矿为原料,得到质量较好的锑白产品。通过氯气浸取、加水水解、加氨中和等步骤得到锑白。锑白产品符合GB 4062—1998要求。湿法生产锑白是一种很有前途的、并可代替火法生产锑白的工艺。低品位铅锑复杂多金属硫化矿得到综合利用开发,有效节约矿产资源,并为工业化应用奠定基础。 相似文献
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以锑类化合物(乙二醇锑或氧化锑)作为PUE(聚氨酯弹性体)的改性剂,探讨了改性剂含量对PUE的合成工艺、性能及结构等影响。结果表明:随着体系中乙二醇锑含量的不断增加,PUE复合材料的密度、硬度和拉伸强度逐渐增大,但断裂伸长率呈先升后降态势,PUE基体中乙二醇锑的结晶结构遭到破坏;随着氧化锑含量的不断增加,PUE复合材料的密度、硬度和拉伸强度缓慢上升,而断裂伸长率显著下降,氧化锑的结晶结构依然存在;当乙二醇锑和氧化锑含量相同时,乙二醇锑对PUE表现出较高的催化活性,对PUE复合材料的性能影响较大;乙二醇锑对PUE复合材料的阻燃效果略逊于氧化锑。 相似文献
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氯氧化锑阻燃剂的制备、阻燃机理及其阻燃应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对氯氧化锑的不同制造方法作了详细比较 ,指出开发新的生产工艺是把氯氧化锑阻燃剂推向市场的关键 ;在分析氯氧化锑阻燃机理的基础上 ,探讨了其阻燃应用。 相似文献
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《国际聚合物材料杂志》2012,61(1-2):153-169
Abstract The practical application of commercial polymer flame retardant can no longer meet alone the present requirements either in terms of effectiveness or hazard. The most effective flame retardants so far are halogen, phosphorous, antimony and heavy metal based compounds which however have the most environmental impact either while they perform their action or when burned in incineration of waste containing fire retardant polymeric materials. The practical search of new ecologically-friendly flame retardants requires cooperation between industrial and academic research. This presentation is devoted to only some of new trends in this very important task: Polymer Char Formers, Low-rflelting Glasses Systems, Morphological Modifications. 相似文献
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The flammability and ignitability of polyethylene using antimony trihalide compounds as fire retardants was evaluated by standard methods to determine retardant effectiveness. Compared with other retardants, the antimony trihalide compounds, antimony tribromide and antimony trichloride, substantially reduced both the flammability and the ignitability of the polyethylene. The influence of retardant concentration, heat flux and type of polyethylene was also studied. 相似文献
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Joseph Green 《火与材料》1995,19(5):197-204
An overview of the fire retardant chemicals industry in the United States is given starting with an historical review of the chemical producers in about 1970. Marketing concepts for these specialty chemicals is discussed by customer types for each category of fire retardant. The fire retardants discussed are bromine and chlorine compounds, nonhalogen and halogenated phosphates and antimony oxide. The paper contains a section in how to select a fire retardant. Markets are discussed by fire retardant type and by polymer type. The current and future trends section discusses toxicity issues with bromine fire, retardants, non-halogen fire retardants, smoke, processability and thin walled parts, and market projections. 相似文献
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氯氧化锑阻燃剂研究进展 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
与Sb2 O3 及NaSb(OH) 6 等锑系阻燃剂比较 ,氯氧化锑阻燃剂具有能大幅度地降低色料用量和显著提高透明度的特点 ,若要将其推向市场 ,关键在于开发新的生产工艺 ,降低生产成本。本文比较了氯氧化锑阻燃剂的各种制造方法 ,综述了氯氧化锑阻燃剂的阻燃机理及其阻燃应用 相似文献
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The effects of ammonium salts of sulfaminic acids, containing aliphatic and arylaliphatic hydrocarbon chains, respectively, in a combination with inorganic fire retardants and fillers, on the properties of ethylene-propylene copolymer compositions (EPCC) for cable insulation were studied. The additive action of the organic fire retardants and antimony oxide in a weight ratio of 3:1 was proved. EPCC indicated a limited oxygen index (LOI) of 37–39% and a diminished smoke release and belonged to UL class zero. The thermal destruction of the system consisting of a copolymer blend and fire retardant, as well as the individual organic and inorganic fire retardants, was studied using dynamic thermal analyses (DTA, TG, DTG). The combination of fire retardants caused a decrease of both the heat release and weight loss over the EPCC surface. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 63: 581–588, 1997 相似文献
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软质PVC阻燃抑烟的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
介绍了各类阻燃剂(如氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、锑系、磷系、硼系、钼系)的性能及阻燃机理,并对软质PVC材料的阻燃抑烟性能进行了实验。结果表明:经偶联剂处理过的阻燃剂,由于增强了其与基体的界面结合力。从而使其力学性能得到提高;三氧化钼的用量对聚合物的阻燃效果影响不明显,而随着硼酸锌和三氧化二锑用量的增加,其阻燃效果越来越好。 相似文献