芳香油与油脂植物资源教学实践

精油与油脂分别是芳香油植物和油脂植物提取的天然产品.通过芳香油与油脂植物资源教学实践,探求植物资源学课程适宜的教学内容与方法.从专业特色角度出发,除了讲授常规植物资源总论和植物资源各论,增加了森林植物资源学和植物资源学课内实践（实验）等相关内容,加强学生实践技能培养,提升本科生综合素质.     

香精香料信息16则

从葡萄柚籽中用超临界流体提取柠檬苦素类化合物和柚苷;樟科樟属植物Cinnamomum glaucacens（Nees）Meissn——一种富含榄香素（elemicin）的资源,具有潜在的工业价值;用GC和GC/MS法研究孔雀草（Tagetes patulaL．）精油和噻吩类化合物     

藤黄科植物化学成分的研究概况

藤黄科植物有35个属,约400余种,泛热带分布。该科的很多植物具有良好的药用价值,化学成分丰富,含有黄酮类、苯甲酮类、香豆素类、间苯三酚类和三萜类物质。为推动我国藤黄科植物资源的更深层次利用和开发,对藤黄科植物的黄酮类化学成分研究概况做一综述。     

虎耳草科植物指纹图谱及抗氧化活性研究进展

虎耳草科为双子叶植物纲-蔷薇亚纲的1科,约含17亚科,80属,1200余种.我国有7亚科,28属,约500种.虎耳草科植物的主要化学成分为槲皮素-5-葡萄糖苷、岩白菜素、没食子酸、原儿茶酸、熊果酚苷、挥发油和有机酸等,其功效为祛风、清热、凉血解毒,可用于治疗风疹、湿疹、中耳炎等.为了更加合理有效的开发利用和把控虎耳草科...     

大黄多糖提取方法、结构及药理活性概况

蓼科植物大黄是临床常用中药,富含大黄多糖,具有多种生物活性。本文综述了大黄多糖的提取方法、结构及其药理活性,以期为开发大黄植物资源、大黄多糖的研究及其应用提供参考。     

黄樟素植物资源的开发利用现状及前景

本文探讨了黄樟素植物资源的种类、分布、各部位器官精油和黄樟素含量 ,及其开发利用现状及前景。据统计 ,精油中含黄樟素的植物共有 62种 ,其中精油含量较高 ( >4 0 % )的有 3 2种。在这 3 2种植物中 ,在根和 (或 )茎精油中主要成分为黄樟素的植物有 2 0种 ;在皮油中的有 4种 ;叶油中的 1 0种 ;果实和种子中的 6种 ;有 4种是草本 ,全草精油主要成分为黄樟素。樟科植物是黄樟素的重要植物资源 ,共有 3 7种樟科植物含有黄樟素 ,有 2 4种樟科植物黄樟素含量较高 ( >4 0 % )。狭叶桂 (C .angustifoliaB .Q .Cheng)、少花桂 (C .paciflorum )、等植物叶、茎、枝、皮和果的精油中 ,岩桂 (C .petrophilumN .Chao)、香樟 (C .camphora)、毛叶树胡椒 (Piperhispidinervium)等的叶精油中黄樟素含量均较高 ,这些植物可作为持续发展生产黄樟素的理想资源。其中从巴西引种的毛叶树胡椒是投产最快、具有较大开发前景的黄樟素新资源。本文旨在为黄樟素植物资源的开发利用及保护提供理论依据。     

地衣香料研究的进展

本文分四个方面详细介绍了地衣香料研究的进展: 1.地衣香料植物资源,2.地衣香料产品的加工和种类,3.香气成分及其它化合物,4.橡苔在香料上的应用。我国地衣植物资源丰富,约有分属200余属的2000多种地衣。根据初步的化学分析和评价,隶属于4个科的8个属的许多种地衣植物均能作为地衣香料植物资源加以开发和利用。现在已开发利用了中国树苔和橡苔Ⅰ号和Ⅱ号等地衣香料产品。     

贵州毛萼香茶菜精油的初步提取试验

毛萼香茶菜为唇形科香茶菜属多年生草本植物,全草富含芳香油。本试验分別对该植物在不同时期、不同部位初步进行了芳香油的含量测定。结果表明,毛萼香茶菜全草秋季含油率最高,达0.46％,叶片含油率为0.75％,大大高于其他部位。可望成为一种有开发利用前景的芳香植物资源。     

林木生物质化学品的开发利用研究进展

生物质资源作为唯一可以替代石化资源合成高附加值化工产品的可再生资源,近年来成为国内外研究的热点。本文从林木生物质资源不同组分及其转化方法入手,重点介绍了淀粉基、木质纤维素基和油脂基化学品的开发利用现状,旨在为林木生物质化学品的进一步开发利用提供参考。     

西番莲属植物资源的研究概况

西番莲属我国约有19种,资源丰富,大多数供观赏用,有的还可以作为水果食用。有些种的根、叶、果实均可入药,具有祛风清热、消炎止痛等的功效。由于药用价值比较大,因此从西番莲属植物的资源概况、常见的西番莲属植物特征、应用价值及生药学研究四个方面对近年来对西番莲属植物的研究概况进行了综述。常见的西番莲属植物资源丰富,又具有很高的药用价值,但对生药学研究比较少,很多常见的西番莲属植物具有很大的开发价值。     

A Comprehensive Review on Chemotaxonomic and Phytochemical Aspects of Homoisoflavonoids,as Rare Flavonoid Derivatives

Homoisoflavonoids (3-benzylidene-4-chromanones) are considered as an infrequent flavonoid class, possessing multi-beneficial bioactivities. The present study gives an overview on phytochemical aspects of homoisoflavonoids, including utilized plant species, parts, extracts, and separation techniques. Overall, these compounds have mainly been isolated and identified from bulbs and rhizomes of the plants belonging to Asparagaceae and Fabaceae families, particularly the genera of Ophiopogon, Dracaena, Scilla, Polygonatum, and Caesalpinia.     

Ancient Bacterial Class Alphaproteobacteria Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenases Can Be Found in Other Bacterial Species

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs/P450s), heme-thiolate proteins, are well-known players in the generation of chemicals valuable to humans and as a drug target against pathogens. Understanding the evolution of P450s in a bacterial population is gaining momentum. In this study, we report comprehensive analysis of P450s in the ancient group of the bacterial class Alphaproteobacteria. Genome data mining and annotation of P450s in 599 alphaproteobacterial species belonging to 164 genera revealed the presence of P450s in only 241 species belonging to 82 genera that are grouped into 143 P450 families and 214 P450 subfamilies, including 77 new P450 families. Alphaproteobacterial species have the highest average number of P450s compared to Firmicutes species and cyanobacterial species. The lowest percentage of alphaproteobacterial species P450s (2.4%) was found to be part of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), compared other bacterial species, indicating that during evolution large numbers of P450s became part of BGCs in other bacterial species. Our study identified that some of the P450 families found in alphaproteobacterial species were passed to other bacterial species. This is the first study to report on the identification of CYP125 P450, cholesterol and cholest-4-en-3-one hydroxylase in alphaproteobacterial species (Phenylobacterium zucineum) and to predict cholesterol side-chain oxidation capability (based on homolog proteins) by P. zucineum.     

关于安徽省发展林木生物质能源产业的思考

对安徽省油料和木质能源林现状进行了调查统计,分析了安徽省发展林木生物质能源的有利条件,展望了林木生物质发展的前景,提出了相应的对策和建议.     

吴起油田长8沉积相特征及其控油规律

吴起油田长8油层组储层岩石以细粒长石砂岩沉积为主。根据对研究区岩性、沉积结构与构造、垂向序列、测井曲线特征及沉积环境的成因标志综合分析,认为吴起油田长8主要为深湖相的三角洲前缘亚相沉积,砂体以三角洲前缘水下分流河道沉积为主,主要有水下分流河道、分流间湾2种微相类型。该区沉积微相对油水分布具有明显的控制作用,但并非唯一的控制因素。     

Tocopherol and tocotrienol composition of the seed lipids of a number of species representing the Bulgarian flora

The tocochromanols present in the seed lipids of representatives of the Bulgarian flora (mostly native wild plants and some introduced and/or cultivated plants) have been investigated. The content and composition of tocopherols and tocotrienols in the seed oils of 43 species belonging to 28 different plant families were determined. The results are discussed in view of their potential use as vitamin E concentrates and as sources of antioxidants for the preservation of food lipids.     

Study of laticiferous (latex-bearing) plants as potential petro-crops

While examining the possibility of using renewable plant materials as sources of hydrocarbons, indigenous laticiferous plants belonging to the families of Asclepiadaceae, Apocynaceae, Moraceae and Convolvulaceae have been evaluated. A few potential species have been selected as potential sources. Final selection can be made when biomass data on each of these are available.     

Fatty acid profiles from forty-nine plant species that are potential new sources of γ-linolenic acid

Forty-nine plant species from Spain, belonging to the Boraginaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Onagraceae, and Ranunculaceae families, were surveyed in a search of new sources of γ-linolenic acid (18∶3ω6, GLA). Fatty acid profiles from seeds, stems, roots, flowers and leaves were determined. GLA was detected mainly in seed and root tissues. High GLA amounts were found in seeds of Boraginaceae species, with a maximum of 20.25% of total fatty acids in Myosotis nemorosa. Within the Scrophulariaceae the highest GLA content (10.17%) was found in Scrophularia sciophila. Variable amounts of stearidonic acid, (18∶4ω3, SDA) were present in Boraginaceae species, ranging from 0.08% of total seed fatty acids in Anchusa azurea to 21.06% in Echium asperrimum. SDA was also very abundant in all organs of Asperugo procumbens. A multivariate analysis was performed using our results and those reported for other plant species belonging to the same families in order to investigate a possible correlation between the fatty acid profile and the genera within these families.     

Studies on Herbaceous Seed Oils V

Seeds from seven species of plants belonging to less familiar botanical families were analysed for oil and protein, and the fatty acid composition of the oils was determined by gas liquid chromatography. Oils from five species are interesting in containing high percentage (71.9–83.7%) of C₁₈ unsaturated acids. Seeds from Tropaeolum majus contain oil which, on the basis of chromatographic analysis, appears to be a suitable industrial source of cis-11-eicosenoic and cis-13-docosenoic (erucic) acids.     

The Plants of the Asteraceae Family as Agents in the Protection of Human Health

The Asteraceae family is one of the largest flowering plant families, with over 1600 genera and 2500 species worldwide. Some of its most well-known taxa are lettuce, chicory, artichoke, daisy and dandelion. The members of the Asteraceae have been used in the diet and for medicine for centuries. Despite their wide diversity, most family members share a similar chemical composition: for example, all species are good sources of inulin, a natural polysaccharide with strong prebiotic properties. They also demonstrate strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity, as well as diuretic and wound healing properties. Their pharmacological effects can be attributed to their range of phytochemical compounds, including polyphenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids, acetylenes and triterpenes. One such example is arctiin: a ligand with numerous antioxidant, antiproliferative and desmutagenic activities. The family is also a source of sesquiterpene lactones: the secondary metabolites responsible for the bitter taste of many plants. This mini review examines the current state of literature regarding the positive effect of the Asteraceae family on human health.     

半边莲属药用植物研究进展

综述了近年来国内外对半边莲属药用植物的研究进展，以期能有效利用云南产丰富的此属植物资源。