Ni-SiC复合电镀工艺的优化及镀层结构表征

利用电沉积法制备出Ni-SiC复合镀层,研究了阴极电流密度、温度、pH、搅拌速率、表面活性剂等工艺参数对镀层显微硬度和沉积速率的影响,通过正交试验得出了最佳工艺参数:阴极电流密度4A/dm2,SiC微粒悬浮量60g/L,温度40℃,pH 2.5,搅拌速率300 r/min.用SEM、XRD和TEM分析了镀层的表面形貌、组织结构及镀层中粒子的分布,结果表明:SiC微粒均匀分布于复合镀层中,镀层表面平整光滑,显微组织均匀、致密,其显微硬度也较纯镍镀层有显著提高.     

Ni-Fe-SiC复合镀层的制备及性能研究

用电沉积的方法在含NiSO4及FeSO4的电解质溶液中制备了Ni-Fe-SiC复合镀层.通过正交试验,研究了Fe2 与Ni2 的浓度比、温度、pH和电流密度对镀层中SiC质量分数的影响,讨论了镀液中SiC含量与镀层显微硬度的关系,确定了最佳工艺条件为:c(Fe2 )/c(Ni2 )=0.09,镀液温度55 ℃,pH=3.0,电流密度1.8 A/dm2.在最佳工艺条件下所获得的复合镀层,显微硬度达650～850 HV,结合力和耐蚀性均良好.     

表面活性剂对ZL102表面镍–磷–碳化硅化学复合镀的影响

在酸性化学镀镍液中分别加入阴离子型、阳离子型和非离子型9种表面活性剂,以分散SiC微粒并在ZL102铝合金表面制备性能良好的Ni–P–SiC复合镀层。通过研究表面活性剂对镀液性能和复合镀层表面形貌、显微硬度、孔隙率及SiC复合量的影响,对表面活性剂进行筛选。结果表明,以60mg/L聚乙二醇作表面活性剂时,SiC微粒的分散效果最好,所得Ni–P–SiC复合镀层的孔隙率仅为0.5714个/cm2,显微硬度为729.76HV,镀层中的SiC颗粒细小、分布均匀,复合量达5.00%,综合性能最好。     

Ni-SiC纳米复合电镀工艺的研究

分析了镀液中纳米SiC悬浮量、阴极电流密度、镀液pH值、温度以及搅拌速度对复合沉积层中纳米SiC复合量和共沉积速率的影响,同时用正交实验法优选了各工艺参数,并且对Ni-SiC纳米复合镀层进行了表面形貌和能谱分析.结果表明,Ni-SiC纳米复合镀层表面平整光滑,显微组织均匀、致密,并且,其显微硬度也较纯镍镀层有明显提高.     

Ni-P-SiC-MoS2化学复合镀工艺

研究了Ni-P-SiC-MoS2化学复合镀工艺,给出了化学复合镀液成分及实验方案,讨论了温度及表面活性剂质量浓度对化学复合镀速、镀层与基体的结合强度和镀层硬度的影响。实验结果表明,当施镀温度为90°C,表面活性剂质量浓度为60mg/L时,镀速最快,镀层与基体的结合强度较好,镀层显微硬度可达684HV。     

镁合金化学复合镀Ni-P/纳米SiC工艺的研究

在AZ 91D镁合金表面制备Ni-P/纳米SiC化学复合镀层.探讨镀液中纳米SiC微粒的质量浓度对镀速、复合镀层性能等的影响.利用扫描电镜观察镀层表面形貌,采用能谱分析仪进行镀层表面成分的定性分析,采用显微硬度计测试镀层硬度,并对不同工艺下获得的镀层进行快速磨损实验.结果表明:镀液中添加适量的纳米SiC微粒,镀速和镀层硬度都有显著的提高.当镀液中纳米SiC的质量浓度为9 g/L时,镀速可达到25.6 μm/h;当镀液中纳米SiC的质量浓度为7 g/L时,镀层的维氏硬度可达到9 380 MPa;同时镀层的耐磨性能相比于Ni-P合金镀层的也有显著提高.     

硫酸盐镀液中紫铜电沉积Ni-Co/WC复合镀层的工艺条件优化

在硫酸盐镀液中加入纳米WC颗粒,通过电沉积在紫铜表面制备了Ni-Co/WC复合镀层.采用单因素分析法考察了镀液中纳米颗粒浓度、温度、阴极电流密度和搅拌速度对复合镀层硬度的影响,确定了电沉积Ni-Co/WC复合镀层的最佳工艺条件为:镀液中纳米颗粒浓度11 g/L、温度60℃、阴极电流密度5 A/dm2、搅拌速度450 r...     

铜-钨复合镀层电沉积工艺及其性能

采用复合电沉积的方法,通过在镀铜液中加入直径为1～3μm的钨颗粒,在纯铜表面制备了铜_钨复合镀层.研究了镀液中钨质量浓度、阴极电流密度.搅拌速率、镀液温度等工艺参数对镀层中钨质量分数的影响,测定了复合镀层的显微硬度和接触电阻.得到了复合电沉积的最优工艺为:钨质量浓度35 g/L,电流密度4 A/dm2,搅拌强度600 r/min,温度5℃.所得铜-钨复合镀层具有合适的显微硬度(98.5～112.0 Hv)、稳定且较低的接触电阻及较长的电接触寿命,可以取代AgCdO触头.     

Ni-B-SiC化学复合镀的研究

本文研究以乙二胺作络合剂,以KBH_4作还原剂的化学镀镍溶液中,添加碳化硅SiC作分散相,化学镀Ni-B-SiC复合镀层。试验了镀液成份,络合剂,还原剂的浓度和分散相SiC的添加量,以及温度,搅拌速度和O/V比对沉积速度和SiC共析量的影响。该镀液有良好的分散能力,镀层厚度和SiC微拉分布基本均匀。所得镀层与中碳钢、硬铬镀层、化学镀Ni-B镀层相比,有更高的硬度和耐磨性,而且经热处理后还能有所提高。     

pH对化学复合镀镍–磷–聚四氟乙烯性能的影响

考察了pH对45钢上化学复合镀Ni–P–聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)沉积速率和镀层孔隙率、磷含量、表面形貌、耐蚀性、显微硬度和摩擦因数的影响。镀液组成和工艺条件为:NiSO_4·6H_2O 25 g/L,NaH_2PO_2·H_2O 30 g/L,无水乙酸钠20 g/L,柠檬酸20 g/L,硫脲2 mg/L,氟碳型表面活性剂18 mg/L,PTFE 1.0 g/L,温度85℃,时间1 h。pH为5.0时,沉积速率为15.93μm/h,所得为高磷(质量分数8.34%)复合镀层,其显微硬度为163.3 HV,摩擦因数0.25,能耐中性盐雾腐蚀24.5 h。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。