电磁搅拌对60Si2Mn弹簧钢凝固条件影响的研究

利用自制设备制备了60si2Mn弹簧钢半固态试样,研究了电磁搅拌条件下60si2Mn弹簧钢铸锭成分和组织层的变化.结果表明,电磁搅拌可以使60Si2Mn簧钢铸锭成分更加均匀.并可以减小或消除铸锭中发达的枝晶,电磁搅拌改善了60Si2Mn弹钢的凝固条件,增加了凝固过程中的形核率,使铸锭中的等轴晶得到细化.     

电磁搅拌条件下钢铁材料半固态组织形成机制探讨

用电磁搅拌法制备了60Si2Mn弹簧钢、Cr5Mo2V工具钢两种材料的半固态试样,对两种半固态试样的形成机制进行了探讨,分析表明,电磁搅拌可以影响金属液的温度场和溶质场,破坏枝晶生长条件,金属液中的先析相相互碰撞,使金属液在凝固过程中形成等轴晶,但不同金属材料的半固态组织形成机制存在差异.     

T10碳素工具钢半固态组织制备及电磁搅拌对组织的影响

利用自制设备制备了T10碳素工具钢半固态试样,研究了不同的电磁搅拌工艺条件对T10碳素工具钢半固态组织的影响。结果表明,电磁搅拌可以改变T10碳素工具钢的凝固组织,随着搅拌功率的增加,搅拌时间的延长,T10碳素工具钢凝固组织中的初生相由树枝晶逐渐退化为等轴晶;电磁搅拌功率较小时,初生奥氏体首先以树枝晶方式生长,在搅拌过程中这些枝晶相互碰撞、缠绕、弯曲,最终折断或熔断;电磁搅拌功率较大时初生相只能长成短枝晶或等轴晶。     

凝固末端电磁搅拌对60Si2CrVAT连铸方坯凝固组织的影响

对M-EMS和M F-EMS电磁搅拌作用下60Si2CrVAT弹簧钢铸坯的凝固组织进行了对比分析,从低倍组织、微观组织、碳偏析以及铸坯缺陷等方面入手分析,讨论了凝固末端电磁搅拌对铸坯凝固组织的影响.结果表明,凝固末端电磁搅拌可以显著改善60Si2CrVAT弹簧钢铸坯凝固组织,提高铸坯凝固组织的致密度,降低铸坯中心疏松和缩孔,而二次枝晶臂间距得到明显改善,中心等轴晶率明显提高,晶粒得到细化,从而显著地改善了铸坯的质量.     

电磁搅拌法制备60Si2Mn弹簧钢半固态组织研究

为了研究电磁搅拌对高熔点合金组织的影响,在不同工艺条件下对60Si2Mn钢进行电磁搅拌。试验结果表明,电磁搅拌可以有效改变高温合金的组织状态,通过实施电磁搅拌可以使60Si2Mn钢组织中发达的树枝晶转变为等轴晶。电磁搅拌的功率、终止搅拌的温度、搅拌时间的长短和搅拌器频率对搅拌效果均有影响。     

PMO作用对60Si2Mn弹簧钢凝固组织的影响

针对中天钢铁在60Si2Mn弹簧钢生产过程中出现的连铸坯凝固组织发达、中心缩孔等级偏高、铸坯初生相非对称性生长等问题开展技术攻关,选用上海大学先进凝固技术中心(CAST)研发的脉冲磁致振荡(简称PMO)凝固均质化技术,对该钢种的连续浇注过程进行干预。结果表明:施加PMO后,60Si2Mn弹簧钢连铸坯柱状枝晶呈对称生长且二次枝晶臂间距减小,内弧侧距离铸坯表面43 mm处发生柱状晶向等轴晶(CET)的转变,中心凝固组织明显细化并球化,中心缩孔基本消除,铸坯凝固组织结构明显优化。     

电磁搅拌对Mg-Al-Si合金组织的影响

研究了不同电磁搅拌频率和不同冷却速度对MgAl9Si合金凝固组织的影响，比较了搅拌和不搅拌两种工艺下得到的不同组织。结果表明，电磁搅拌能完全抑制树枝晶的形成，提高搅拌频率能使α-Mg趋于等轴化；延长搅拌时间不能改变晶粒形貌，只能使组织变得更加粗大；此外，电磁搅拌还能促进凝固过程中Mg2si相的形核。     

半固态60Si2Mn弹簧钢浆料直接轧制研究

研究了60Si2Mn弹簧钢半固态浆料的直接轧制.结果表明在试验条件下,当搅拌时间为2 min时,可以获得尺寸大小为100～300 μm、固相率为50%～60%的球状初生奥氏体的半固态浆料,这样的半固态浆料便于从搅拌室底孔中放出;60Si2Mn弹簧钢半固态浆料可以实现顺利轧制,但球状初生固相颗粒与液相发生了分离,球状初生固相颗粒集中在轧材的心部,而液相偏聚在轧材的四周.     

60Si2Mn半固态浆料的制备和流变轧制的组织形貌

以弹簧钢（60Si2Mn)为研究对象，采用电磁搅拌的方式制备半固态浆料，研究了搅拌参数对半固态浆料组织形貌的影响；同时对半固态浆料进行了流变轧制，观察和分析了半固态浆料在轧制过程中的组织演变及轧制产品可能存在的组织缺陷。结果表明：在变温连续搅拌条件下，随着搅拌时间的延长，半固态浆料的固相率提高，初生固相颗粒的直径减小，组织更均匀；经过1道次的轧制，半固态浆料中的液相从固相颗粒间挤出，流向轧件的表面，大部分固相集中在轧件的中心，产生宏观偏析现象，提高固相率可减小偏析程度。此外，轧件中还可能出现缩孔、分层组织等缺陷。     

SCR技术制备半固态合金非枝晶组织形成机制

采用单辊搅拌冷却技术制备A2017半固态合金,对半固态合金非枝晶的形成及演变过程进行了研究.结果表明,随着合金熔体浇注温度的降低或者辊靴行腔高度的减小,半固态合金组织逐渐从粗大的枝晶转变为细小的等轴晶.从辊靴行腔入口到出口,靠近靴子面侧半固态合金组织依次为枝晶、退化枝晶和等轴晶,而靠近工作辊面侧合金组织主要为细小的等轴晶和球形晶.合金组织的演变过程为合金熔体首先在靴子和工作辊内表面凝固形核并长大成枝晶,在工作辊的剪切搅拌作用下,枝晶从辊靴表面破碎脱落进入熔体,在工作辊对高固相率半固态合金的剪切搅拌下,枝晶进一步发生断裂破碎最终形成细小的等轴晶和球形晶.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.