冷却速度变化对12Cr铸铁碳化物的影响

采用砂型、金属型、水冷浇注制备含Cr量为12%的过共晶铸铁。研究冷却速度变化对Cr12铸铁凝固组织中碳化物形成特征及碳化物类型转变的影响,探讨了碳化物类型发生转变的原因。结果表明:冷却速度对碳化物尺寸和碳化物类型有很大影响。在砂型和金属型冷却试样中,凝固组织的组成和初生碳化物的形貌没有明显变化,凝固组织均由块状的M7C3型初生碳化物和菊花状的共晶团(M7C3+奥氏体)所组成。金属型冷却试样的碳化物尺寸和共晶团尺寸比砂型试样的细小。水冷条件下,凝固组织中的碳化物有明显的方向性,碳化物尺寸明显减小,凝固组织中出现了M3C+M7C3混合型碳化物,冷却速度的差异改变了碳化物的类型。     

固溶温度对ZL210A铸造铝合金砂型试样力学性能和微观组织的影响

通过对ZL210A合金砂型试样进行545℃固溶和555℃固溶处理,分析不同固溶温度处理试样的力学性能、微观组织和断口形貌,探讨了不同固溶温度对合金砂型试样性能和组织的影响.结果表明,砂型试样固溶状态力学性能бb、б0、2、HBS和б5值比其铸态时有较大提高;545℃固溶和555℃固溶时砂型试样的力学性能相近,金相组织和断口形貌相同.     

铝青铜平衡环的金属型铸造

金属型铸造生产多级水泵铝青铜平衡环,与砂型铸造法相比,可节省有色金属材料5％,提高抗拉强度15％～20％。工艺特点为采用环形冒口凸台、上雨淋式浇注系统;金属型预热温度200～250℃;浇注温度1150℃。     

铸造镁合金AZ91D金相腐蚀方法研究

对砂型和金属型铸造AZ91D试样进行了铸态下与固溶处理后金相腐蚀研究,对压铸AZ91D试样进行铸态金相腐蚀和EBSD试验研究.结果表明,铸态砂型和金属型试样树枝晶形状显示六重对称性特征,一次枝晶间夹角为60°,固溶处理后晶粒尺寸变大.压铸试样冷却速度快,枝晶不能充分生长,难以显示六重对称性特征,EBSD试验能够准确测量压铸试样的晶粒尺寸和晶粒取向.     

Cr13白口铸铁获得屈氏体的研究

在Cr含量一定时,随着Cr/C减小,砂型浇注的过冷奥氏体铸态转变为屈氏体量逐渐增加,金属型则不易转变;当Cr/C≤4,砂型和金属型铸态试样均能得到全部的屈氏体。用砂型和金属型铸造时,加入微量铝可使含碳量在2.6～3.0％的中碳铸态材质得到屈氏体基体,并有较好的综合性能.     

球墨铸铁的疲劳强度

砂型铸造的球墨铸铁的疲劳强度是受石墨球径影响的。为此,对用金属型铸造获得更小石墨球径的球墨铸铁与砂型铸造的进行比较,测定其疲劳强度和机械性能。得出石墨球径几乎不影响抗拉强度等静态机械性能,但影响疲劳极限比值(见下表)。     

冷却方式对铸造Fe_3Al在950℃高温抗氧化性能的影响

为了研究冷却方式对铸造Fe3Al合金高温抗氧化性能的影响,采用静态增重法测定了水玻璃砂型和金属型铸造Fe3Al合金在950℃空气中的恒温氧化行为,其氧化动力学符合抛物线规律;金属型铸造所得合金的抗氧化性优于水玻璃砂型铸造所得。X射线衍射、扫描电镜和能谱分析表明,Fe3Al氧化膜分为3层:外层主要是A12O3,还有少量的Cr2O3;在氧化层与Fe3Al基体之间存在白色富Al区,富Al区内侧是富Fe贫Al区。     

砂型及金属型铸造ZA27合金的压蠕变行为

采用自制的试验装置研究了ZA27合金在砂型和金属型铸造条件下的压蠕变行为。结果表明，合金第一阶段的压蠕变量和稳态蠕变速率随着温度和应力的增高而增大，在较低温度时，金属型铸造合金第一阶段的蠕变量低于砂型铸造合金的。合金的压蠕变符合经验公式ln(t/s)=C-nln(σ/MPa) Q/(RT)，砂型铸造合金的应力指数n和蠕变激活能Q分别为3.88和85.44kJ/mol，而金属型铸造合金的应力指数和蠕变激活能分别为3.49和81.02kJ/mol，合金的压蠕变由锌的点阵自扩散和位错的攀移控制，在整个试验温度和应力范围内，砂型铸造合金的压蠕变抗力高于金属型铸造合金的。     

重力铸造Cu-15Ni-8Sn合金圆柱形铸锭的宏观偏析研究

采用光谱、金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜研究了冒口补浇的Cu-15Ni-8Sn合金金属型和砂型重力铸造工艺,重点研究了直径150 mm高度330 mm的铸锭中Sn元素的宏观偏析。结果表明:1335℃浇注后,金属型铸锭的二次枝晶间距平均值为67.9μm,远小于砂型铸锭的171.9μm;在采用冒口补浇工艺下,金属型铸锭在底部和中部的Sn元素宏观偏析程度比砂型铸件低,而上部反之;无论金属型还是砂型铸锭,Sn含量最低的位置均位于凝固最慢的铸锭中心部位。     

铸造冷却速度对AZ91镁合金凝固组织与性能的影响

采用砂型、随炉冷却金属型、金属型和水冷金属型4种不同铸造方式进行了AZ91镁合金的铸造,主要研究了AZ91镁合金的凝固组织和力学性能随着冷却速度的变化规律。并对试验数据进行拟合,得到了晶粒尺寸随冷却速度变化的关系式。结果表明:随着冷却速度的增加,AZ91镁合金试样的晶粒尺寸减小,抗拉强度和伸长率获得了明显的提高。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。