X70管线钢冷丝填充埋弧焊焊接工艺

根据X70管线钢的焊接性,提出了采用冷丝埋弧焊的工艺方法来解决焊接接头热影响区的脆化现象,通过向熔池中添加＂冷丝＂,消耗过热能量来提高焊接接头的韧性。确定X70管线钢在不同线能量下的最佳冷丝填充速度;最终得出X70管线钢冷丝埋弧焊焊接工艺参数。     

Application of submerged arc welding technology with cold wire addition for drum shell long seam butt welds of pressure vessel components

Submerged arc welding is most widely used method for welding thick section in down hand position being a highly economical method for fabrication. As products must meet more stringent requirement of quality, requiring more flexible processes to reduce cost, further improvements is studied. Quality control aspects are also becoming more important to meet regulation and monitoring and control of welding processes, and the standardized testing of joints will meet all the requirements. This paper describes the experimental work carried out to study the effect of process parameters and weld metal property of thick section welds in SA 299 material using cold wire addition technology in tandem submerged arc welding for boiler drum shell fabrication. Improved results of mechanical and metallurgical properties obtained in this study are reported.     

Optimisation of submerged arc welding process parameters in hardfacing

In this paper, a feedforward neural network is used to model submerged arc welding (SAW) processes in hardfacing. The relationships between process parameters (arc current, arc voltage, welding speed, electrode protrusion, and preheat temperature) and welding performance (deposition rate, hardness, and dilution) are established, based on the neural network. A simulated annealing (SA) optimisation algorithm with a performance index is then applied to the neural network for searching the optimal process parameters. Experimental results have shown that welding performance can be enhanced by using this new approach.     

20g埋弧自动焊焊接接头冷弯开裂的研究

通过对比分析试验找出20g埋弧焊焊接接头冷弯开裂的原因,提出了防止冷弯开裂和提高冷弯合格率的措施。     

Mathematical modeling of moving heat source shape for submerged arc welding process

An attempt is made in this paper to find out the analytical solution of the thermal field induced in a semi-infinite body by a moving heat source with Gaussian distribution by selecting appropriate inside volume for submerged arc welding process. Three different types of heat source shapes in the form of oval, double ellipsoidal, and conical forms were considered and compared with the experimental result. The study shows that for heat input of submerged arc welding process, the best suitable heat source shape is in the form of an oval. The study also shows two alternate ways of predicting the size of the heat-affected zone.     

Automatic seam tracking in pipeline welding with narrow groove

Grain structure is an important and readily observable feature in aluminum alloy castings. Depending on the constitutional and heat-flow conditions in a solidified aluminum alloy, various morphologies are possible. Grain refining is one of the predominant techniques in controlling the quality of castings. It plays a vital role in improving metallurgical characteristics and mechanical properties of aluminum alloys. Fine equiaxed grains ensure remarkable benefits. There are a number of techniques to achieve fine equiaxed grain structure, but grain refinement by the addition of grain refiners referred to as inoculation is the most popular due to its simplicity. Grain refinement has been studied extensively by researchers for several decades, not only for developing efficient grain refiners but also for achieving an understanding of the mechanism of grain refinement. In spite of its commercial importance, benefits and numerous scientific studies in this area, the grain refinement of aluminum and its alloys is still a controversial subject. Solute elements like titanium segregate to the inoculants/melt interface affecting the dendrites and also affect the constitutional undercooling at the solid–liquid interface. This segregating power of an element is quantified by the growth restricting factor (GRF). In the present investigation, the effect of GRF on grain refinement of aluminum-silicon alloys was studied by the addition of Al-5Ti-1B master alloy. It is evident from this investigation that the growth rate of grains is inversely proportional to the GRF.     

Design of experiment based statistical approaches to optimize submerged arc welding process parameters

Joining of metals is very useful concept which is being utilized since Bronze Age and then gradual advancement gave rise to development of modern welding. And now welding is increasingly used in the fields of fabrication, manufacturing and construction. But productivity is the main concern in many manufacturing and industrial welding applications. Therefore selection of a welding process and its variables/parameters without sacrificing weld quality with respect to productivity and its quality is very important because an optimum blend of parameters which inevitably develop minimum or no defect will result in high productivity. For this study Submerge Arc Welding (SAW) process is selected for optimization because this versatile welding process is the first choice whenever good productivity with high quality requires in fabrication and manufacturing of Marine & pressure vessels, pipelines and offshore structures. Here Signal to noise (S/N) ratio analyses are used to find significant effects of key parameters on selected responses and then for optimization design of experiment based both quality loss function (OFM) and desirability function along with variance analyses by ANOVA are utilized. Moreover codes and standards provide a range for weld process parameters but author experienced that still there is a window to further optimize these parameters to produce the quality weld. Therefore this study is also useful to contribute in welding related research work by enhancing the knowledge of welding process and its analysis by utilizing advance statistical optimization techniques to find optimum zone within the acceptable zone from Code & Standard based tolerance Zone.     

灰铸铁缸体电弧冷焊修复工艺研究

缸体是汽车铸件中质量最大的一个铸件,缸体制造和使用过程中出现裂纹、磨损、渗漏等缺陷,采用电弧冷焊工艺进行修复,分析了缸体铸件的焊接性,焊接时可能出现白口组织和裂纹,采用同质焊缝和异质焊缝的两种电弧补焊工艺、同时结合相应的工艺措施可获得理想的修复效果。     

Melting rate of electrode wire in arc welding

A mathematical model is proposed for the melting rate of electrode wire during the arc welding of low-alloy steel in protective gases. The discrepancy with experimental data is no more than 4%.     

LPC2119微处理器为基的埋弧焊逆变电源

应用ARM微控制器,研制了基于LPC2119的数字化控制的埋弧焊逆变电源,并通过移植μC/OS-Ⅱ实时操作系统进行埋弧焊过程控制功能软件设计与实现.通过测试与实验表明,该电源具有良好的外特性和动态特性,适用于埋弧自动焊工艺;电源具有控制灵活、运行稳定、可靠性高和系统升级方便等特点.     

Physical characteristics of welding arc ignition process

The existing research of welding arc mainly focuses on the stable combustion state and the research on the mechanism of welding arc ignition process is quite lack.The tungsten inert gas(TIG) touch arc ignition process is observed via a high speed camera and the high time resolution spectral diagnosis system.The changing phenomenon of main ionized element provided the electrons in the arc ignition is found.The metallic element is the main contributor to provide the electrons at the beginning of the discharging,and then the excitated shielding gas element replaces the function of the metallic element.The electron density during the period of the arc ignition is calculated by the Stark-broadened lines of Hα.Through the discussion with the repeatability in relaxation phenomenon,the statistical regularity in the arc ignition process is analyzed.The similar rules as above are observed through the comparison with the laser-assisted arc ignition experiments and the metal inert gas(MIG) arc ignition experiments.This research is helpful to further understanding on the generation mechanism of welding arc ignition and also has a certain academic and practical significance on enriching the welding physical theoretical foundation and improving the precise monitoring on automatic arc welding process.     

Effect of forces on dynamic metal transfer behavior of cable-type welding wire gas metal arc welding

A cable-type welding wire (CWW) gas metal arc welding (GMAW) method was proposed as a novel approach, using CWW for the consumable electrode. Droplet transfer influences the welding process, and the forces on the droplet were analyzed to elucidate the metal transfer phenomenon observed during the welding process. The effects of the arc pressure, rotating force, and welding parameters were analyzed to understand the metal transfer. The special structure of the CWW affected the arc characteristics and forces during metal transfer as part of the welding process. The droplet formed by droplets from each thin wire, the arc, and electromagnetic forces on droplet formation and the coupling process were analyzed. The arc pressure and rotating forces are beneficial to metal transfer and increase the droplet transfer frequency. The droplet size decreases with increasing welding parameters.     

Estimation of heat source model parameters for twin-wire submerged arc welding

Heat source models are mathematical expressions that represent the generation term in the fundamental heat transfer equation. Investigators have successfully demonstrated different heat source models for single-wire welding. The present investigation estimates the double ellipsoidal heat source model parameters for twin-wire application. The heat source model parameters have been estimated for varying set of welding conditions. It has been found that the heat source model parameters for twin-wire welding are different from the single-wire welding. Moreover, the heat source model parameters also depend upon process parameters. Effects of welding current, electrode polarity and wire diameter on the size of heat source model have been presented. Flux consumption is also found to play a significant role in deciding the heat source model parameters.     

Hybrid heat source model designing and parameter prediction on tandem submerged arc welding

In submerged arc welding simulation, the heat source parameters are always decided by experience, and it usually leads to a high simulation error. This work is aimed to develop a methodology for the estimation of the heat source in submerged arc welding. A hybrid heat source model was applied on submerged arc welding simulation. The new heat source model was combined by a surface heat source model and the double ellipsoid heat source model. The surface heat source model was designed based on the Gaussian heat source model. The width and penetration of the weld pool were simulated and compared with the measurement results, and the width at 2?mm depth from the top surface was also considered to describe the shape of the weld pool more accurately. In order to reduce the simulation complexity, the sensitivity of heat source parameters was discussed. The heat source parameter corresponding to different experimental processes was obtained by modified pattern search method. The artificial neural network algorithm and the support vector machine algorithm were applied to predict the relationship between all possible process and the heat source parameters. The validation experiment showed that the prediction model was accurate.     

浅谈MAG焊和埋弧焊在箱式井架的应用

从箱式井架的结构形状和焊缝接头形式出发,针对MAG焊和埋弧焊的特点进行了论述,生产结果证明,通过两种优质、高效方法的运用,使焊接质量得到了保障,生产效率得到很大提高.     

Grey-based taguchi method for optimization of bead geometry in submerged arc bead-on-plate welding

A multi-response optimization problem has been developed in search of an optimal parametric combination to yield favorable bead geometry of submerged arc bead-on-plate weldment. Taguchi’s L25 orthogonal array (OA) design and the concept of signal-to-noise ratio (S/N ratio) have been used to derive objective functions to be optimized within experimental domain. The objective functions have been selected in relation to parameters of bead geometry viz. bead width, bead reinforcement, depth of penetration and depth of HAZ. The Taguchi approach followed by Grey relational analysis has been applied to solve this multi-response optimization problem. The significance of the factors on overall output feature of the weldment has also been evaluated quantitatively by analysis of variance method (ANOVA). Optimal result has been verified through additional experiment. This indicates application feasibility of the Grey-based Taguchi technique for continuous improvement in product quality in manufacturing industry.     

一种模拟控制式埋弧焊设备的数字化升级改造设计

该文设计了一套基于STM32的双单片机控制系统对模拟控制式埋弧焊设备进行数字化改造。该系统包括电源控制系统和过程控制系统,2个系统之间采用串行异步通信方式,实现命令和参数交换。可以实现焊接电源多种外特性输出,满足埋弧焊、焊条电弧焊、气体保护焊、碳弧气刨工艺需要。设计双闭环控制系统对送丝速度进行调节,设计单闭环控制对小车驱动电机进行控制。测试表明,改造后的焊机用途拓宽,人机界面丰富,引弧、焊接、收弧的稳定性和可靠性均大幅提升,具有很好的实用价值。