C元素对Ti-45Al-3Fe-2Mo-xC合金显微组织的影响(英文)

研究C元素对TiAl基合金(Ti-45Al-3Fe-2Mo)显微组织的影响。随着C元素含量的增加,合金中β相含量的比例降低,而片层晶团尺寸增大。当C含量增加至0.3%和0.5%时,片层间距从267 nm降低至237 nm和155nm,但是进一步增加C含量,片层间距长大至230 nm。这是由C原子的抑制作用及碳化物的析出引起的。800℃时效可以使P-型碳化物析出。随着时效时间的延长,该碳化物主要在晶界处及位错线附近析出并长大,并在不同的入射角(TEM)下有不同的形貌。对其显微组织的变化进行了详细的分析及探讨。     

近片层γ-TiAl基合金宏观塑性行为的尺度效应

将近片层-γTiAl基合金视为由等轴γ颗粒和多孪晶PST(polysynthetically twinned crystal)单晶颗粒组成的两相复合材料。基于非均质微极介质塑性理论,构建-γTiAl基合金整体有效微极柔度张量,将传统塑性割线模量法推广到微极材料,建立分析和预测-γTiAl基合金的塑性行为尺度效应的细观力学模型。结果表明:-γTiAl基合金的微结构尺度对其宏观塑性硬化行为存在显著的影响;近片层组织-γTiAl基合金中PST晶体颗粒的尺寸越小,合金中硬相夹杂PST颗粒的体积分数越大,合金材料相应的塑性硬化越明显;微极基体的塑性特征尺度与等轴γ晶粒的平均尺寸大小在同一数量级。     

脉冲电流作用下TiAl合金凝固组织演变及形成机理

利用OM和TEM研究了脉冲电流作用下Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb合金的凝固组织,并分析了其微观组织演变及形成机理。结果表明,脉冲电流细化了TiAl合金的一次枝晶臂间距、柱状晶尺寸和片层间距。未加载电流的TiAl合金凝固的初生相为α相,TiAl合金的片层取向与柱状晶生长方向夹角较大,甚至垂直于生长方向。脉冲电流作用导致枝晶发生熔断和破碎,促进了β枝晶相的析出及增多,片层取向与晶体生长方向夹角较小或成45°生长的片层进一步增多。脉冲电流降低了固-液相之间的自由能及原子扩散激活能,减少形核位垒及晶核的形核功,从而在一定程度上促进原子扩散,增大了形核率,细化一次枝晶臂间距及柱状晶;初生相的转变析出及其特殊的位向关系是片层取向变化的主要原因。     

TiAl合金片层组织的形成与细化工艺及其机理研究

利用金相显微镜、扫描和透射电镜等仪器表征了TiAl合金的片层组织及结构特征,研究了Ti-48Al at%合金片层组织的形成机制和片层组织细化工艺及其机理。结果表明,Ti-48Al合金单级热处理能够得到全片层组织,平均晶粒尺寸约150μm,片层间距约1.30μm。其形成过程是:γ相在α相晶内(0001)面上通过全位错分解成核,通过不全位错滑移、层错区扩展而长大。循环热处理和双温热处理均能将片层晶粒尺寸细化到30μm,片层间距0.90μm,前者的细化机理为相变重结晶细化了α相晶粒,后者细化片层组织的关键在于低温段(α2+γ)两相区热处理形成细小的双态组织。     

C元素含量对TiAl合金显微组织与力学性能的影响

通过XRD、SEM观察不同C含量下TiAl合金铸锭的显微组织,并对其进行硬度、抗拉强度测试。研究了C元素含量对TiAl合金显微组织与性能的影响。研究表明:未添加C元素时,TiAl合金晶粒为粗大柱状晶。当C含量为0.3at%时,柱状晶转变为等轴晶。随着C含量的增加,TiAl合金晶粒逐步细化,且层片间距逐渐减小,但并未改变γ相与α2相相间交替层片结构。C含量较少(≤0.3at%)时基体中不会出现第二相;C含量进一步增加,第二相析出明显且不断长大,富集在一起,偏析严重。TiAl合金的力学性能随着C含量增加先增强后减弱,当C含量为0.6at%时,TiAl合金的性能最佳。     

Ti-47Al-1.2Ce合金显微组织及富稀土相的形貌

采用水冷铜坩埚真空感应熔炼炉制备了Ti-47Al-1.2Ce合金.通过XRD,SEM,EMPA和TEM等测试方法,研究了Ce对TiAl基合金显微组织的影响以及富稀土相的形貌.实验结果表明,铸态Ti-47Al-1.2Ce合金由等轴晶组成,富稀土相主要以椭球形存在于晶内和以网状存在于晶界;稀土元素的加入,可以减小TiAl相的单胞体积,细化合金晶粒尺寸和层片间距.     

B和C对铸造TiAl基合金宏观和显微组织的影响

对比研究了B和C含量的变化对铸造TiAl基合金宏观和显微组织的影响。结果表明 ，B或C含量的增加均能细化TiAl基合金的晶粒，但二者的作用特点不同。B含量对宏观组织和晶粒尺寸的影响是渐进的，而C对其影响存在一个临界含量。显微观察表明，微量的B就能使合金析出TiB2，随着合金中B含量的增加，硼化物颗粒呈不同的形貌。对于含C合金，当C含量低于临界含量时，在光学尺度上观察不到碳化物相，而当C含量高于临界含量时，合金中生成大量的Ti2AlC碳化物颗粒。讨论了B和C细化TiAl基合金的机制。     

原位合成Ti_2 AlN/TiAl复合材料900°C时效过程中的组织演化及氮化物沉淀相析出(英文)

对原位合成Ti2AlN/TiAl复合材料在原位合成及时效热处理条件下的显微组织特征进行分析,并对Ti2AlN/TiAl复合材料进行1400°C,0.5 h固溶及900°C,24 h时效热处理,研究其氮化物沉淀析出。结果表明,原位合成复合材料的显微组织由γ+α2片层团、等轴γ晶粒和Ti2AlN增强相组成。经固溶和时效处理后,获得近全片层基体结构。随着Ti2AlN含量的增加,基体近全片层结构变得不稳定。对时效后的复合材料进行TEM研究,发现在片层团晶粒边界上分布着细小的Ti2AlN沉淀相。在γ-TiAl基体内,针状Ti3AlN沉淀相以其轴向平行于基体[001]方向排列,而另一种具有较大尺寸的Ti3AlN沉淀相则在位错处沉淀析出。     

全层状TiAl合金室温拉伸性能的影响因素

研究了显微组织和应变速率对全层状Ti-47Al-2Cr(at%)合金室温拉伸性能的影响，结果表明，全层状TiAl基合金的室温拉伸强度和室温延伸率随晶团尺寸和层片间距的减小而提高；其室温拉伸强度随应变速率的加快而提高；而应变速率对其室温延伸率的影响与显微组织相关，低延性全层状TiAl基合金的室温延伸率对应变速率不敏感，而高延性全层状TiAl基合金的室温延伸率对应变速率敏感，并随应变速率的加快而提高。     

卷取温度对51CrV4钢模拟热轧显微组织和力学性能的影响

利用OM、SEM、EBSD及TEM等技术研究了卷取温度对51CrV4钢组织和硬度的影响,探讨并分析了不同卷取温度下组织和硬度变化的原因。结果表明,随着卷取温度由600 ℃升高至720 ℃,试验钢的硬度先逐渐降低,690 ℃以上变化不大;先共析铁素体的体积分数由0.33%增大至5.9%,铁素体晶粒尺寸逐渐增大;珠光体平均片层间距由93 nm增大到177 nm。卷取温度由630 ℃升高至720 ℃,(V, Cr)C析出相的平均尺寸由8.3 nm增大至9.7 nm,体积分数由0.247%递减至0.176%。珠光体片层间距是影响试验钢不同卷取温度强度/硬度变化的最主要因素,铁素体晶粒尺寸和纳米(V, Cr)C析出相的影响次之。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。