球磨对碳热还原氮化法制备氮化铝粉末的作用

研究了高能球磨对氧化铝碳热还原反应制备氮化铝的作用。结果表明：氧化铝及没料经高能球磨后,碳热还原反应开始温度降低,完全反应的温度降至1250℃。与未经球磨的反应相比,反应进行程度提高。球磨产生的机械化学作用,如细化晶粒、晶格畸变和大量缺陷及表面断健作用是球磨促进碳热还原反应的主要原因。     

铝试剂热氧降解动力学研究

本文在用热分析方法研究了铝试剂的热氧降解历程后＾［１］,用Ｃｏａｔｓ－Ｒｅｄｆｒｎ方程进行动力学处理,确定铝试剂热氧降解的表面反应级数为１．８、１．６、１．５、０．８２和活化能力６０．２ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ、１１３．３ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ、６５．２ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ、２７４．２ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。     

碳热还原反应法合成氮化铝的研究

本实验采用碳热还原反应法合成氮化铝纤维,得到与氧化铝不同形貌的氮化铝。这与以前实验结果不同。本实验认为氮化铝碳热还原反应过程可以分为气—固两步进行,即当氧化铝与氮气和活性碳充分接触时,氧化铝在活性碳的作用下被还原成铝的低价氧化物并进一步氮化;而当氧化铝被第一步反应生成的氮化铝包裹严密不能与氮气和活性碳充分接触时,反应通过固相扩散来进一步完成,在固相扩散过程中,既包括了活性碳和氮气的扩散,也包括了铝离子的扩散,反应是在氮化铝层两个界面同时进行。     

Al2O3-C-N2系统反应热力学初步探讨

通过热力学计算 ,研究了高温下流动氮气床中碳热还原氧化铝反应过程 ,提出了其反应机理为气 固反应机制 ,很好地解释了在碳热还原法合成氮化铝过程中存在的现象。     

Al2O3—C—N2系统反应热力学初步探讨

通过热力学计算，研究了高温下流动氮气床中碳热还原氧化铝反应过程，提出了其反应机理为气－固反应机制，很好地解释了在碳热还原法合成氮化铝过程中存在的现象。     

高氮压法制备氮化铝粉

对在加压氮气中金属铝粉的直接氮化和氧化铝粉的碳热还原氮化法制备氮化铝粉末进行了研究。研究结果表明：铝粉在高温高氮压下快速氮化，生成氮化铝，其临界温度为７００℃，氮气的临界压力为１ＭＰａ；在高氮压下，氧化铝可通过碳热还原氮化法生成氮化铝，其含氮量与保温温度，氮气压力和保温时间有关；在高氮压下，碳热还原氮化法制备氮化铝，可使用铝粉为晶种，能获得高质量的氮化铝（Ｎ〉３３％，Ｏ〈１％，按质量计）粉末。     

用吲哚抑制曝露在空气中的0.5mol/L硫酸对铜的腐蚀

在２５℃～５５℃时,用动电位曲线法、失重法和分析法研究了曝露在空气中的０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ硫酸含不同浓度的吲哚对铜的腐蚀抑制作用。吲哚使腐蚀电势向更大值（即对铜溶解反应比阴极氧化还原反应有更强影响）方向移动。吲哚很可能通过与铜离子铬合对腐蚀反应机理产生影响。在２５℃、３５℃、４５℃时,吲哚的吸附作用遵循Ｆｒｕｍｋｉｎ等温线,在５５℃时遵循Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ等温线。标准的吸附自由能分别为－２１．６ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ、－１８．３ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ、－２２．１ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ和－２７．９ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。ＣＡ．１２９：１５１９…     

四氢萘加氢裂化反应动力学

在连续流动的微反装置上,研究了四氢萘加氢裂化反应动力学,探讨了加氢裂化催化剂活性中心与反应表观活化能的关系。结果表明,四氢萘加氢裂化反应为拟一级反应。在８．５ＭＰａ时,其表观活化能为１３２．７４８ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ－１。在６．５ＭＰａ时,当反应温度高于３６０℃,强酸中心与弱酸中心同时活化,活化能从８７．２７４ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ－１提高到１０３．２７６ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ－１     

八甲基环甲硅氧烷聚合动力学

以四甲基氢氧化铵为催化剂,用蒸汽压法研究了八甲基环四硅氧烷的聚合动力学,获得了７７￣１１０℃间的聚合速率常数,并计算出反应活化能力１０３．０ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。     

乙酸异戊酯杂多酸催化合成及其动力学研究

研究了以钨硅酸为催化剂,苯为带水剂乙酸和异戊醇直接酯化合成乙酸异戊酯的优化反应条件,该杂多酸催化反应的速率方程为－ｄＣＡ／ｄｔ＝ｋＡｃＡｃＢ,反应表现活化能Ｅａ＝１４２．５７ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ,反应速率常数ｋＡ（Ｌ·ｍｏｌ＾－１·ｍｉｎ＾－１）＝７．７５×１０＾１７ｅｘｐ（－１７１４８．２／Ｔ）。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。