带距离徙动校正的压缩感知PFA成像方法

目的 极坐标格式算法（PFA）是合成孔径雷达（SAR）聚束模式下的一种高分辨率成像算法,方位向增加孔径长度带来了数据存储和传输的负担,利用压缩感知进行合成孔径雷达成像可以减小采样率,以前的研究往往认为图像是2维可分离的而忽略距离徙动的影响,造成了图像质量的下降。提出一种在方位向利用压缩感知处理的PFA成像算法,可以校正距离徙动,保证压缩感知成像的图像分辨率。方法 在方位向进行压缩感知处理的过程时,采用了随距离空间频率变化的傅里叶基。结果 该方法可以有效代替PFA处理过程中的方位向插值,消除距离徙动的影响,保证距离向和方位向的分辨率。结论 仿真和实测数据的处理结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

Three-dimensional space-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging with multiple pass processing

Three-dimensional (3D) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging via multiple-pass processing is an extension of interferometric SAR imaging. It exploits more than two flight passes to achieve a desired resolution in elevation. In this paper, a novel approach is developed to reconstruct a 3D space-borne SAR image with multiple-pass processing. It involves image registration, phase correction and elevational imaging. An image model matching is developed for multiple image registration, an eigenvector method is proposed for the phase correction and the elevational imaging is conducted using a Fourier transform or a super-resolution method for enhancement of elevational resolution. 3D SAR images are obtained by processing simulated data and real data from the first European Remote Sensing satellite (ERS-1) with the proposed approaches.     

无人机侦察视频超分辨率重建方法

目的 无人机摄像资料的分辨率直接影响目标识别与信息获取,所以摄像分辨率的提高具有重大意义。为了改善无人机侦察视频质量,针对目前无人机摄像、照相数据的特点,提出一种无人机侦察视频超分辨率重建方法。方法 首先提出基于AGAST-Difference与Fast Retina Keypoint (FREAK)的特征匹配算法对视频目标帧与相邻帧之间配准,然后提出匹配区域搜索方法找到目标帧与航片的对应关系,利用航片对视频帧进行高频补偿,最后采用凸集投影方法对补偿后视频帧进行迭代优化。结果 基于AGAST-Difference与FREAK的特征匹配算法在尺度、旋转、视点等变化及运行速度上存在很大优势,匹配区域搜索方法使无人机视频的高频补偿连续性更好,凸集投影迭代优化提高了重建的边缘保持能力,与一种简单有效的视频序列超分辨率复原算法相比,本文算法重建质量提高约4 dB,运行速度提高约5倍。结论 提出了一种针对无人机的视频超分辨率重建方法,分析了无人机视频超分辨率问题的核心所在,并且提出基于AGAST-Difference与FREAK的特征匹配算法与匹配区域搜索方法来解决图像配准与高频补偿问题。实验结果表明,本文算法强化了重建图像的一致性与保真度,特别是对图像边缘细节部分等效果极为明显,且处理速度更快。     

基于非线性最小二乘的图像自适应SR重建以及运动估计

图像超分辨率（SR）重建是利用数字信号处理技术由一系列低分辨率观测图像得到高分辨率图像。为了扩展SR技术的应用范围,提出了一种同时进行图像超分辨率重建和全局运动估计的方法。该方法首先基于最大后验概率(MAP)给出了图像SR重建和运动估计框架,该框架不仅考虑了前后两次迭代所得的HR图像差值对最终重建图像的影响,而且引入了不同LR图像对重建图像的重要性权值,使得算法具有自适应性;然后将总体框架转换为图像SR重建模型和运动估计模型;最后基于非线性最小二乘法对模型进行优化求解,得出了SR重建图像及其全局运动域。实验表明,该方法不仅图像重建效果良好,并有着良好的收敛性。     

A novel Scan SAR imaging method for maritime surveillance via Lp regularization

In this article, a novel Scan mode synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging method for maritime surveillance is presented. Conventional Scan SAR is generally operated with severe azimuth resolution loss in order to cover a large area. The proposed imaging method changes the way Scan SAR illuminates sub-scenes and presents a new radar illuminating strategy based on ships’ spatial distribution in each sub-scene. To gain ships’ spatial distribution, a scene sensing algorithm based on radar range profiles together with a peak-seeking and clustering algorithm is introduced. After that, a Markov transfer-probability matrix is generated to make sure that radar illuminates each sub-scene randomly under the probability we calculated before. Finally, an imaging algorithm within the L_p (0 < p ≤ 1) regularization framework is utilized to reconstruct each sub-scene; the regularization problem is solved by an improved iterative thresholding algorithm. The whole wide swath image is joined by putting all the sub-scenes together. Experimental results support that the proposed imaging method can perform high-resolution wide swath SAR imaging effectively and efficiently without reducing the image resolution.     

基于稀疏贝叶斯学习的雷达目标成像技术

利用傅立叶变换进行雷达目标成像,分辨率受瑞利准则的限制;超分辨成像技术能最著改善雷达图像的分辨率,但算法的复杂性急剧增加并且正则化参数不易选取.以稀疏贝叶斯学习为基础,针对雷达成像系统的结构特点,提出了一种基于快速傅立叶变换(FFT)和分块托普里兹(Toeplitz)系统的快速超分辨成像算法.算法无需存储系数矩阵,极大地降低了存储量和运算量.进一步,通过寻找拟合误差曲线和稀疏性度量函数曲线的交点实现了正则化参数的方便选择.仿真结果表明,算法对雷达目标图像具有良好的分辨率增强能力.     

A novel super-resolution method of PolSAR images based on target decomposition and polarimetric spatial correlation

The polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) is becoming more and more popular in remote-sensing research areas. However, due to system limitations, such as bandwidth of the signal and the physical dimension of antennas, the resolution of PolSAR images cannot be compared with those of optical remote-sensing images. Super-resolution processing of PolSAR images is usually desired for PolSAR image applications, such as image interpretation and target detection. Usually, in a PolSAR image, each resolution contains several different scattering mechanisms. If these mechanisms can be allocated to different parts within one resolution cell, details of the images can be enhanced, which that means the resolution of the images is improved. In this article, a novel super-resolution algorithm for PolSAR images is proposed, in which polarimetric target decomposition and polarimetric spatial correlation are both taken into consideration. The super-resolution method, based on polarimetric spatial correlation (SRPSC), can make full use of the polarimetric spatial correlation to allocate different scattering mechanisms of PolSAR images. The advantage of SRPSC is that the phase information can be preserved in the processed PolSAR images. The proposed methods are demonstrated with the German Aerospace Center (DLR) Experimental SAR (E-SAR) L-band full polarized images of the Oberpfaffenhofen Test Site Area in Germany, obtained on 30 September 2000. The experimental results of the SRPSC confirms the effectiveness of the proposed methods.¹     

超宽带步进变频连续波雷达近场成像算法

为了实现超宽带步进变频连续波雷达近场区高分辨率快速成像,提高成像的分辨率,根据步进变频连续波信号发射与传播的特点,采用角谱分析方法,通过对电磁波波动方程进行推导,提出一种适用于超宽带步进变频连续波雷达的成像算法,该算法省去了匹配滤波过程,成像准确。采用HFSS三维电磁场仿真软件进行建模仿真,在仿真结果中采集数据验证成像算法的可行性。结果表明,成像图像中目标能量集中,分辨率高,对于采用的频率范围0.5～1.5GHz,带宽为1GHz的发射信号,理论分辨率为0.15m,实际得到的分辨率约为0.2m。     

Focusing one-stationary bistatic forward-looking synthetic aperture radar based on squint minimization and modified nonlinear chirp scaling algorithm

ABSTRACT

This article deals with the imaging problem of bistatic forward-looking synthetic aperture radar with a stationary transmitter (one-stationary BFSAR). In one-stationary BFSAR, due to the large forward-looking (or squint) angle, it causes more serious range cell migration and two-dimensional spatial variation. To solve this problem, an imaging algorithm based on squint minimization and modified nonlinear chirp scaling (NLCS) method is proposed. The squint minimization method can decrease the coupling between range and azimuth and correct the linear range cell migration. The modified NLCS can eliminate the variation of azimuth reference function more accurately than traditional NLCS algorithm, which improves the focus quality of marginal targets. Finally, simulation results confirm the efficiency of our proposed algorithm.     

彩色图约束的二阶广义总变分深度图超分辨率重建

目的 针对深度图像分辨率非常低的问题,结合同场景高分辨率彩色图像,提出一种基于彩色图约束的二阶广义总变分深度图超分辨率重建方法。方法 首先将低分辨率深度图映射到高分辨率彩色空间;然后利用二阶广义总变分模型,将带有边缘指示函数的高分辨率彩色约束项作为正则项,使得深度图像超分辨率重建问题变成最优求解问题;最后通过迭代重加权和原—对偶方法进行求解。结果 实验结果表明,本文方法可以有效地保护图像的边缘结构,在定性和定量两个方面都可达到很好的效果。结论 本文方法可以有效地解决深度图分辨率非常低的问题。     

基于拉格朗日的雷达方位超分辨方法研究

民用导航雷达的方位分辨率与天线孔径尺寸相关,大孔径天线在工程实践中受等多种条件制约,难以广泛应用。本文提出一种基于拉格朗日的方位超分辨方法。对方位信号向量进行数据补充,将卷积扫描模型转换为矩阵-向量乘积形式。对天线方向图奇异值分解,结合BFGS算法构造二次规划观测模型。利用拉格朗日法计算模型最优解,进而重建目标原始方位信号,实现目标方位超分辨。实验结果表明,在信噪比(Signal to noise ratio, SNR)为10~20 dB时,本文方法具有良好的分辨效果,与对偶-对数障碍法相比,该方法可获得较高的信号重构误差比(Signal reconstruction to error ratio, SRER)。     

亮度—梯度联合约束的车牌图像超分辨率重建

目的 受成像距离、光照条件、动态模糊等因素影响,监控系统拍摄的车牌图像往往并不具备较高的可辨识度。为改善成像质量,提升对车牌的识别能力,提出一种基于亮度与梯度联合约束的车牌图像超分辨率重建方法。方法 首先充分结合亮度约束和梯度约束的优势,实现对运动位移和模糊函数的精确估计;为抑制重建图像中的噪声与伪影,基于车牌图像的文字化特征,进一步确定了亮度与梯度联合约束的图像先验模型。结果 为验证该方法的有效性,利用监控系统获得4组车牌图像,分别进行模拟和真实的超分辨率重建实验。在模拟实验中将联合约束图像先验重建结果与拉普拉斯、Huber-Markov（HMRF）以及总变分（TV）先验的处理结果进行对比,联合约束先验对车牌纹理信息的恢复效果优于其他3种常见图像先验;同时,在模拟和真实实验中,将本文算法与双三次插值、传统最大后验概率、非线性扩散正则化和自适应范数正则化方法的超分辨率重建结果进行比较,模拟实验的结果表明,在不添加噪声情况下,该算法峰值信噪比（PSNR）和结构相似性（SSIM）指标分别为35.326 dB和0.958,优于其他4种算法;该算法在真实实验中,能够有效增强车牌图像纹理信息,获得较优的视觉效果,通过对重建车牌图像的字符识别精度比较,本文算法重建结果的识别精度远高于其他3种算法,平均字符差距为1.3。结论 模拟和真实图像序列的实验结果证明,基于亮度—梯度联合约束的超分辨率重建方法,能够降低运动和模糊等参数的估计误差,有效减少图像中存在的模糊和噪声,提高车牌的识别精度。该算法广泛适用于因光照变化、相对运动等因素影响下的低质量车牌图像超分辨率重建。     

基于SystemVue汽车雷达系统研究

针对毫米波雷达射频、信号处理以及超分辨测角问题,提出了一种基于SystemVue进行汽车雷达系统设计和信号处理算法设计的方法。首先,利用SystemVue自带的射频库和通用算法库进行雷达系统设计,真实模拟了毫米波射频、天线及目标环境的相互影响;其次,针对快调频的FMCW信号波形,给出了完整的汽车雷达目标距离、速度和角度的信息处理算法流程;最后,针对汽车雷达系统测角精度较低的问题,提出了基于酉变换MUSIC的测角算法,大大降低了汽车雷达超分辨求角的运算量。仿真结果表明,该方法解决了汽车雷达的链路设计、射频指标对雷达信号处理性能影响的评估问题,更真实、更全面地反映了汽车雷达系统的性能,为雷达系统的研究提供了有力依据。     

基于自适应权值滤波的深度图像超分辨率重建

目的 越来越多的应用都依赖于对真实场景深度图像的准确且快速的观测和分析。飞行时间相机可以实时获取场景的深度图像,但是由于硬件条件的限制,采集的深度图像分辨率较低,无法满足实际应用的需要。为此提出一种结合同场景彩色图像通过构造自适应权值滤波器对深度图像进行超分辨率重建的方法。方法 充分发掘深度图像的非局部以及局部自相似性先验约束,结合同场景的高分辨率彩色图像构造非局部及局部的自适应权值滤波算法对深度图像进行超分辨率重建。具体来说,首先利用非局部滤波算法来有效避免重建结果的振铃效应,然后利用局部滤波算法进一步提升重建的深度图像质量。结果 实验结果表明,无论在客观指标还是视觉效果上,基于自适应权值滤波的超分辨率重建算法较其他算法都可以得到更好的结果,尤其当初始的低分辨率深度图像质量较差的情况下,本文方法的优势更加明显,峰值信噪比可以得到1dB的提升。结论 结合非局部和局部自相似性先验约束,结合同场景的高分辨率彩色图像构造的自适应权值滤波算法,较其他算法可以得到更理想的结果。     

基于Elman神经网络的GNSS/INS全域高精度定位方法

针对当前智能网联汽车定位与导航系统无法接收全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）信号引起定位失效的问题，提出一种基于Elman神经网络的GNSS结合惯性导航系统（INS）的全域高精度定位方法。首先，采用神经网络方法，建立了基于Elman网络的GNSS/INS高精度定位训练模型和GNSS失效预测模型；然后，利用GNSS、INS和实时动态（RTK）等定位技术，设计了GNSS/INS高精度定位数据采集实验系统；最后，选取采集的有效实验数据进行了反向传播（BP）神经网络、级联BP（CFBP）神经网络、Elman神经网络的训练模型性能对比分析，并验证了基于Elman网络的GNSS失效预测模型。实验结果表明，所提方法训练误差指标均优于基于BP和CFBP神经网络的方法；在GNSS失效1 min、2 min、5 min时，基于预测模型的预测平均绝对误差（MAE）、方差（VAR）和均方根误差（RMSE）分别为18.88 cm、19.29 cm、58.83 cm，8.96、8.45、5.68和20.90、21.06、59.10，随着GNSS信号失效时长的增加，定位预测精度降低。     

基于非局部自回归学习的医学图像超分辨重建方法

由于受放射剂量的影响及成像设备条件的限制,医学图像在成像过程中的分辨率不高,并在一定程度上影响后期临床诊疗的精度.针对此问题,文中提出基于非局部自回归学习的医学图像超分辨重建方法.利用医学图像数据固有的非局部相似性特点,将自回归模型引入到基于稀疏表示的医学图像超分辨重建模型中,同时利用聚类算法得到分类字典,提高实验效率.实验表明,文中方法提高医学图像分辨率方面的可行性,及在重建效率和性能方面的优势     

基于电子海图的真实感航海雷达图像仿真方法

为了满足军事与商船航海雷达的仿真要求,提高雷达回波图像仿真的真实感,提出了一种基于扇形带状纹理融合模型的实时扫描仿真方法模拟高真实感的雷达回波图像。该方法以电子航海图(ENC)数据为雷达回波源数据,根据雷达回波形成机理,以扇形带状纹理融合算法替代传统基于像素单元的雷达图像仿真方法,实时生成雷达回波纹理数据,在此基础上,提出雷达回波信号处理仿真模型实现雷达基本功能,包括增益调节、海浪抑制与雨雪抑制等。经实验证明,该方法在雷达回波显示效率和效果上有了明显改善,为解决雷达与电子海图显示与信息系统（ECDIS）模拟提供有效的手段。     

一种新的基于遗传算法的压缩感知重构方法 及其在SAR 高分辨距离像重构中的应用

首先提出一种基于遗传算法的压缩感知重构新方法,并设计了具体的算法流程.该方法运用遗传迭代思想,在稀疏度未知的情况下可准确重构出原始信号,避免了子空间跟踪问题.在此基础上,进一步将所提新方法应用于合成孔径雷达(SAR)高分辨距离像的重构,同时建立了相关的SAR系统模型,构造了有效的稀疏变换矩阵和观测矩阵.仿真结果表明了所提出方法的有效性,同时验证了该方法用于SAR高分辨距离像重构是可行的和鲁棒的.     

Texture image prior for SAR image super resolution based on total variation regularization using split Bregman iteration

In this article, we propose a total variation (TV) regularization approach for the reconstruction of super-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image based on gradient profile prior or other texture image prior in the maximum a posteriori framework. We also design a novel super-resolution reconstruction algorithm via split Bregman iteration with the known degradation matrix, thereby enhancing the resolution of the SAR image. The parameter adaptation of the TV regularization is performed based on the high-resolution (HR) SAR image at each step. Several evaluation indices are tested on SAR images for objective assessment of the performance of SAR image super-resolution reconstruction. This computationally efficient algorithm is robust to noise in SAR scenes in HR image estimation. Experimental results show that the proposed split Bregman super-resolution approach can effectively avoid the speckle noise generated due to some strange textures and has good effect of noise suppression, while effectively maintaining the SAR image content, the structure of the SAR image is more apparent. Additionally, the experimental results on real SAR scenes also demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and demonstrate its superiority to other super-resolution algorithms.     

Color Image Super-Resolution and Enhancement with Inter-Channel Details at Trivial Cost

Image super-resolution is essential for a variety of applications such as medical imaging, surveillance imaging, and satellite imaging, among others. Traditionally, the most popular color image super-resolution is performed in each color channel independently. In this paper, we show that the super-resolution quality can be further enhanced by exploiting the cross-channel correlation. Inspired by the High-Quality Linear Interpolation (HQLI) demosaicking algorithm by Malvar et al., we design an image super-resolution scheme that integrates intra-channel interpolation with cross-channel details by isotropic linear combinations. Despite its simplicity, our super-resolution method achieves the accuracy comparable with the existing fastest state-of-the-art super-resolution algorithm at 20 times faster speed. It is well applicable to applications that adopt traditional interpolations, for improved visual quality at trivial computation cost. Our comparative study verifies the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed super-resolution algorithm.