浅谈现代数控机床故障诊断与维修

数控加工在现代制造业中占有举足轻重的地位,数控机床故障的诊断与维修在数控生产中的地位愈来愈重要,其故障诊断与维修技术与传统机床的维修技术有很大区别,本文对现代数控机床的故障诊断方法及维修技术进行了探讨和分析.     

Effect of diet on the urinary excretion of hippuric acid and other dietary-derived aromatics in rat. A complex interaction between diet, gut microflora and substrate specificity

Biological tests are important for the diagnosis and the follow-up of viral chronic hepatitis. The viral hepatitis C is by far the most frequent. The etiologic diagnosis is based on serological or immunological tests which have good sensitivity and specificity, and may be completed by molecular biological methods. In contrast, the tests for the evaluation of the activity (necrosis and inflammation) and of the fibrosis are less informative than the histological study. The diagnosis and prognosis interpretation of the aminotransferases are well known, but other tests as alpha glutathione S-transferase or orosomucoid are also proposed for evaluation of the activity. Some parameters as PIIINP or hyaluronic acid may be useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of fibrogenesis, fibrosis and cirrhosis but some new molecules, as the metalloproteinases and their inhibitors, are presenting interesting future prospects. Biological tests also contribute to the diagnosis of an associated extra-hepatic pathology and of a possible hepatocellular carcinoma occurring on the cirrhotic liver.     

轧机液压故障智能诊断技术探讨与展望

专家系统与神经网络是轧机液压故障智能诊断的主要途径,智能诊断的发展方向是系统的不断完善和提高学习能力。组合化,开发容错智能系统,以及进一步实用化等人工智能技术将与先进的信息技术紧密组合,并使智能诊断系统性能更佳。     

Acute sporadic viral hepatitis in urban population of a tribal district in Madhya Pradesh

Although individual bone dysplasias are rare, as a group they are relatively common and have a significant effect on morbidity and mortality at all ages. In this brief introduction, radiologic classification, diagnosis and differential diagnosis are given. The radiologic diagnosis is emphasized, since distinction among the various bone dysplasias is based largely on radiographic findings. Prenatal diagnosis relies heavily on high-resolution real-time ultrasonography of the fetus. Precise antenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of a bone dysplasia may be very difficult; however, accurate differentiation of a lethal versus a nonlethal anomaly is relatively easy. There has been a recent explosion of knowledge about the genetic basis of skeletal dysplasias. Collagen gene mutations have been found to be responsible for osteogenesis imperfecta and many other bone dysplasias. The locations of the genes implicated in achondroplasia and some other chondrodysplasias are now known. Histologic analysis of the growth plate may also provide specific diagnostic features in achondroplasia and other bone dysplasias. A team approach is mandatory for the diagnosis and management of this fascinating and challenging group of diseases.     

Determination of biological markers for alcohol abuse

Alcoholism is one of the most frequent addictions and an important subject in forensic medicine and clinical toxicology. Several laboratory abnormalities are associated with excessive alcohol consumption. They are useful in the diagnosis of alcoholism especially during the follow-up of various treatment programs. The biological markers mostly used for diagnosis of alcoholism are presented. Especially, methods for the determination of the following diagnostic tools are reviewed: congener alcohols, gamma-glutamyltransferase, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, beta-hexosaminidase, erythrocyte aldehyde dehydrogenase, alpha-amino-n-butyric acid to leucine ratio, macrocytosis, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin, (apo)lipoproteins, fatty acid ethyl esters, blood acetate, acetaldehyde adducts, 5-hydroxytryptophol, dolichol and condensation products. No laboratory test exists that is reliable enough for the exact diagnosis of alcoholism. The combination of physician interview, questionnaire and laboratory markers is necessary for the diagnosis of alcoholism.     

热轧机械振动在线监测和故障诊断系统

介绍了武钢第二热轧厂轧机机械设备振动在线监测和故障诊断系统的基本构成、软硬件配置以及状态监测、信号分析和故障诊断等主要功能。实践证明,该系统的设计体现了轧钢机械振动监测的要求,具有较高的可靠性和实用性,为轧钢机械故障诊断提供了一条新途径。     

The formation of risk groups and the performance of invasive prenatal diagnosis

The results of the formation of women risk groups for invasive methods of prenatal diagnosis and cytogenetic investigations of amniotic fluid are presented. It was shown that the efficiency of prenatal diagnosis was increased due to the complex use of ultrasonography, screening for alpha-fetoprotein and chorionic gonadotropin, and invasive methods of prenatal diagnosis.     

Actinomycotic tubo-ovarian abscess. Contribution of pelvic angioscanner

Pelvic actinomycosis is uncommon and usually responsible for tubo-ovarian abscesses which are similar in aspect with nonactinomycotic abscesses. They are usually a complication of an intra-uterine device (IUD) that can be absent as in this case. The differential diagnosis is ovarian cancer. The role of the dynamic CT scan for differential diagnosis in this case is presented. Preoperative diagnosis in this affection is important because of the excellent response to Penicillin.     

机电设备自动化故障诊断系统设计

为解决传统机电设备自动化故障诊断系统存在的精准度低、效果差的问题,提出了对自动化故障诊断系统进行优化设计方案,通过对机电设备自动化故障诊断系统的软硬件结构的优化设计,建立数据采集层、服务器层、命令交互层,并选用光时域反射仪NK2000故障光纤测试仪OTDR等作为系统硬件,通过信号转换为光信号形式,再经过光纤耦合器转换为电信号形式进行诊断。利用主动轮询采集方法采集故障数据,然后设立模块处理大量信息,最后利用模糊推理的方法定位故障位置,完成故障诊断系统的设计。     

Metabolic acidosis

Metabolic acidosis is a pathophysiologic state that is associated with serious morbidities and mortality. The diagnosis of metabolic acidosis is perplexing for novice and expert advanced practice nurses for many reasons. Its differential diagnosis is broad and includes common and rare, complex disease. The diagnosis of metabolic acidosis is also difficult because it is frequently associated with mixed, acid-base disorders. Its clinical manifestations are often nonspecific or subclinical, which means that its diagnosis is made from laboratory and other diagnostic tests. Timely diagnosis of metabolic acidosis is needed to institute appropriate therapy to avoid negative physiologic effects.     

Affective disorders in Alzheimer's disease

The links between depressive syndrome and Alzheimer's disease are problematic concerning the diagnosis and the therapeutic choice. The concepts of pseudo-dementia and late onset depression are shortly discussed. The hypothesis concerning the relationship between depression and Alzheimer's disease are summarized. The clinical data relevant for the diagnosis and the therapeutic guidelines are discussed.     

The neurobiological bases of aggression: the pharmacotherapeutic implications

The pathophysiology and aetiology of Hirschsprung's disease are still uncertain. The presentation varies with age. Various methods are used to make the diagnosis. Differing views of management are held both for emergency and definitive surgery, e.g. emergency colostomy or not, a covering colostomy or not for the definitive surgery, the type of operation used. The problems of diagnosis and treating diseases which mimic Hirschsprung's disease are highlighted.     

Tuberculosis of the breast

Tuberculosis of the breast is a rare modern disease or a forgotten diagnosis. During the last 15 years (1982-1996), 28 cases of mammary tuberculosis were reported in Japan. The initial diagnosis of almost all were carcinoma. Physical sign, mammography and USG are not so usefull for the diagnosis. It is important for the early and certain diagnosis to detect acid-fast bacilli on smear or culture and to perform pathological examination on biopsied specimen.     

Morphology and molecular biology of malignant soft tissue sarcomas

Malignant soft tissue tumors are classified and named according to cellular differentiation and thus the non-neoplastic soft tissue they imitate. The topical WHO classification already comprises more than 140 entities and tumor subtypes, but the process of defining new tumor variants will go on. Questions of nomenclature are discussed briefly with laying special emphasis on the non-undisputed concept of malignant fibrous histiocytomas. Without doubt, this diagnosis is made too frequently by which it has become to a collective name for unclassifiable pleomorphic sarcomas. For the time being nobody is able to say whether or not the malignant fibrous histiocytoma will remain an entity. Likely, fibrosarcomas and hemangiopericytomas are defined as exclusion diagnosis, as well. The diagnosis of malignant soft tissue tumors is based on recognizing the cellular line of differentiation. This is frequently possible at light microscopic level, sometimes additional diagnostic methods are required. The most important adjunct method is immunohistochemistry. Because aberrant differentiations and unexpected immunohistochemical reactions are known the use of a panel of antibodies is necessary. In the last years soft tissue tumors has increasingly been characterized by molecular biological methods. The results are of significance for understanding sarcoma pathogenesis and may be used for diagnosis, as well. Chromosome translocations are explained and rhabdomyosarcomas are taken as example for demonstrating the diagnostic significance of molecular biological/cytogenetic findings. Molecular biology may also aid in defining the histopathologic features of an entity as shown for intraabdominal desmoplastic small cell tumors. Eventually, heterogeneity in soft tissue sarcomas is addressed and discussed in view of its importance for diagnosis, classification and therapy as well as for development of sarcoma progression.     

轧机轴承与轧辊智能诊断与维护技术探讨

轧辊与轧辊轴承是轧机的重要部件．智能诊断与维护的主要工作是轧辊与油膜轴承磨损机理研究,人工智能在轧辊与油膜轴承故障诊断与维护的应用,轧辊与油膜轴承远程诊断与维护,轧辊与油膜轴承状态监测与寿命预测．     

异步电动机微机保护装置的设计与实现

长期以来 ,电动机的故障诊断与保护一直是学术界和工程界研究的热点和难点问题。本文采用80C196单片机技术及对称分量分析理论 ,设计实现了一种新型的电动机综合保护装置。与传统的保护装置相比 ,本装置将故障诊断技术应用于保护装置中 ,并最终实现了集测量、诊断、保护、控制和通信功能于一体的异步电动机终端监控单元。     

Attention deficit/hyperactivity. Diagnostic criteria and classification]

Following several reports on treatment of adults with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, diagnostic problems regarding the diagnosis are discussed. Symptoms and criteria have changed considerably over the years. Many of those who were given this diagnosis earlier would probably be given a different diagnosis today. Patients should be diagnosed according to the latest diagnostic criteria, but these are developed for children, and are not always adequate for adults. Knowledge regarding the manifestation of the disorder in adults is not sufficient. In order to make this diagnosis in an adult, there must be evidence of the symptoms at the time of examination and also in childhood. The latter may be difficult or impossible to demonstrate. Reliable information on the symptomatology of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in adulthood will not be available until children who are given the diagnosis today according to DSM-IV or the research criteria of ICD-10 have been followed up in adulthood.     

液压故障智能诊断技术探讨与展望

专家系统与神经网络是冶金液压故障诊断的主要途径。智能诊断的发展方向是系统的不断完善和提高学习能力,组合化,开发容错智能系统,以及进一步实用化等。人工智能技术将与先进的信息技术紧密结合,并使智能诊断系统性能更佳。     

Applying the realized probability of dying to cancer survival

Age comparisons of survival in cancer cohorts generally utilize relative survival rates, which are based on indicators of the probability of survival for a given number of years after diagnosis. Cancer relative survival rates for the same number of years tend to decline as age at diagnosis increases. However, the same number of years of survival reflects higher relative longevity at older ages than at younger ages. The realized probability of dying (RPD) is a survival measure that expresses individual survival time after diagnosis relative to the survival distribution of an age-, race-, and sex-specific reference population, in effect weighing individual survival time more heavily as age at diagnosis increases. The purpose of this study was to apply the RPD as a survival measure in cancer epidemiology. Two cohorts of cancer patients, white males with prostate cancer and white females with breast cancer, aged 55 years and over at diagnosis, were followed for 15 years. Although older subjects survived less time after diagnosis than younger subjects, they achieved more favorable RPD values. We present survival analysis methods for analyzing the RPD in this population, an approach not previously used with this measure. The implications for use of the RPD in cancer epidemiology are discussed.     

基于Internet的设备远程诊断实现技术研究

设备远程诊断是设备故障诊断技术发展的必然趋势,是近几年随着Internet的发展而兴起的一项综合性新技术.从传统的诊断方式入手,着重介绍了远程诊断技术的主要特点和基本原理,重点讨论了目前有关远程诊断技术新的研究方向,如数据仓库和数据挖掘技术,多网络协议的集成技术,基于分布式系统的CORBA技术,为开发新一代远程诊断系统提出了一些设想和实施过程中的经验和体会.