三只分散染料在聚乳酸和涤纶纤维上的吸附特性和得色量

研究了三只分散染料在聚乳酸纤维和涤纶纤维上的等温吸附曲线,结果表明分散染料在上述纤维上的吸附属于能斯特型吸附。通过研究平衡等温吸附曲线比较了染料在聚乳酸纤维和涤纶纤维上的得色量。当两种纤维上的染料浓度相同时,染色聚乳酸纤维比涤纶纤维表现出深色效应,这可能是由聚乳酸纤维对光的较小的反射率所引起的。此外还研究了染色温度及染料浓度对染色纤维颜色强度的影响。     

C．I．分散蓝284对聚乳酸纤维的染色性能研究

使用C.I.分散蓝284对聚乳酸纤维进行了染色实验,研究了不同乳酸光学异构体单体含量的聚乳酸纤维的染色性能,结果表明纤维中右旋乳酸单体含量的提高有利于纤维对染料吸附量的提高.同时发现染料在纤维上的吸附等温线不属于Nemst型吸附,这可能与染料分子产生聚集有关.染色纤维的颜色产量随着染色温度的提高而提高.     

聚乳酸纤维的常压染色研究

在常压下,用七种分散染料及其复配染料对聚乳酸纤维进行染色,并对染色纤维进行了牢度性能测试。除了黄棕色外,其余染料的上染率都随着色度的增加而下降。同一只染料在同一的色度下,延长染色时间对增加染料的上染率作用不明显。随着染色温度的升高,黄素色和蓝色染料的上染率得到明显的提高,而对深红色和黄棕色染料而言这种作用并不明显。同时,通过测量染色纤维的色彩强度定量的描述了染料上染率对温度的敏感性。     

聚乳酸纤维分散染料染色工艺的研究

本文主要研究了聚乳酸纤维用分散染料的染色工艺染料在高于7n℃时上色，在100～110℃上染率达到最大，上染率随时间延长而增加，30分钟达到平衡；染浴的pH在3～7时对纤维的损伤较小，浴比对上染率影响较小，pH值上升．纤维强度随之降低，选择适合的染色助剂可提高上染率。     

棉盖丙复合针织物活性/碱性染料同浴染色工艺探讨

在用次氯酸钠溶液进行氯漂/氯化的基础上,重点研究了用活性染料/碱性染料同浴对棉盖丙复合针织物染色时,分散剂的用量、碱剂的用量、染色温度、染色时间等因素对染色效果的影响。试验结果表明:当 IW分散剂用量为2．5g/l时可获得比较好的分散效果,弱碱性条件下棉的色差很小,丙纶的色差也可以接受; 温度低时,对碱性染料上染丙纶不利,90℃时染色效果较好,同浴染色时间增加,色差明显增大。     

C．I．分散红60对聚乳酸纤维的上色研究

本文通过研究C.I.分散红60在较低温度下和一定的染浴浓度范围内对聚乳酸纤维的上色率和纤维内的染料浓度讨论了分散染料对聚乳酸纤维染色过程,并进一步探讨了分散染料对聚乳酸纤维的染色动力学.计算了不同温度下C.I.分散红60对聚乳酸纤维的分配系数K、扩散系数DT.结果证明,在分散染料对聚乳酸纤维的上色过程中,上色速率与染液中的染料浓度关系不大,同时染料的上染速率与纤维中染料浓度有关,染料分布与染色时间有关.     

天然染料茜素及靛蓝对聚乳酸织物的染色探索

本文探索了天然染料染聚乳酸纤维的可行性。制备了茜素和靛蓝的分散液,考察了天然染料分散体系的粒径大小。探索了染料用量、染色温度对K/S值、耐水洗色牢度、上染百分率的影响。结果表明：天然染料茜素、靛蓝的分散体系对PLA纤维具有优异的染色性能,染色机理符合分散染料上染涤纶的能斯特吸附曲线。上染百分率分别达到了58.25%和67.98%,皂洗牢度达到3～4级及以上,具有一定的应用前景。     

聚乳酸纤维的染色性能研究

本文选用不同种类的分散染料,设定不同温度、时间、p H、浴比、助剂等工艺条件,研究了聚乳酸纤维的染色性能。通过对染后纤维的表面色深值、染色牢度及断裂强力等项目的测试,优选出适宜的染料种类及工艺条件。此外,就染料结构对聚乳酸纤维染色性能的影响,及其常压染色的可行性问题进行了探讨。     

聚乳酸/丽赛/竹纤维混纺织物深色染色工艺研究

在聚乳酸纤维混纺织物的二浴法染色中,以表观色深K/S值作为衡量染色效果的依据,研究了第一浴染色工艺曲线、温度、pH值、时间对织物染色性能的影响;以染料的上染率K/S值为依据,研究了第二浴活性染料染色工艺曲线、温度、时间对织物染色性能的影响。提出了较佳的聚乳酸混纺织物深色染色配方及工艺流程。     

染色废水的还原脱色及其回用

使用还原型双组分脱色剂对含有不同种类水溶性染料的染色废水进行脱色处理，重点研究了脱色剂用量、反应温度、pH值和时间对脱色反应的影响。并且将脱色后的染色废水回用于织物染色中，在染料的上染速率曲线和颜色特征方面进行了比较。结果表明，随着脱色刑用量的增加，染色废水的脱色率都逐渐升高：中性pH条件和温度的升高均可以促进染色废水的脱色；在60℃～700℃，脱色率可达到90％；在常温下3～5分钟内完成脱色，而直接染料不超过15分钟，脱色废水能够回用于织物染色中，染料的上染曲线几乎没有变化，染色深度和色差变化极小。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.