不对称故障下两级式光伏逆变器的LVRT策略

为提升基于Boost电路的两级式光伏逆变器的并网运行稳定性,研究了不对称故障下光伏逆变器的运行特性,提出了以Boost调节直流母线电压配合负序电压前馈的电流控制策略,来实现低电压穿越(Low Voltage Ride Through,LVRT)。首先,分析了两级式光伏逆变器的常规Boost电压控制模式和电流控制策略。在电网故障时通过引入基于故障前光伏阵列最大功率点电压前馈的母线电压控制外环改变Boost电压控制模式,以稳定直流母线电压和防止逆变器过流。接着,为在不对称故障期间控制并网电流三相对称,提出了基于电网负序电压前馈的电流控制策略;结合根据电压跌落深度直接给定参考值的方式调节输出电流,为电网提供无功功率支撑;为实现前述电流控制,设计了基于二阶广义积分器(Second Order Generalized Integrator,SOGI)的正负序分离锁相模块。最后,利用PSCAD/EMTDC仿真软件搭建100 kW光伏逆变器模型进行控制策略验证,结果表明该策略在单相电压跌落至0.2 p.u时仍能快速有效地抑制直流母线电压升高,使光伏逆变器安全地实现低电压穿越。     

不平衡电网下光伏逆变器的控制策略研究

针对不平衡电网下常规光伏逆变器的并网电流三相不对称及谐波含量大增的问题,研究了相应的控制策略。首先,从获取电压相位出发,设计了基于二阶广义积分器(Second Order Generalized Integrator,SOGI)的不平衡锁相环,以快速、准确地锁定电网正序分量的幅值和相位,并通过实验加以验证;其次,将抑制网侧负序电流作为控制目标,设计了基于电网负序电压前馈的不平衡电网下光伏逆变器的控制策略,且为减弱直流侧电压波动对并网电流的影响,在电压外环控制器后引入了二倍频陷波器。最后,利用PSCAD/EMTDC搭建出光伏并网系统仿真模型,仿真结果表明了本文理论研究的正确性。     

三相光伏逆变器并网时故障状态仿真分析

当光伏发电系统在并网点处发生故障时,会对光伏微网内部的电能质量包括电流、电压和相位产生严重的影响,采取合适的控制策略使光伏逆变器恢复并网点电能质量是目前的研究热点和难点之一.在Matlab/Simulinkh建立光伏发电系统并网运行时故障仿真模型,对单相接地故障、两相接地故障、断路器单相重合闸故障以及三相重合闸故障进行仿真.以分布式光伏并网逆变器电路的拓扑结构为基础,三相光伏逆变器利用软件锁相环技术为坐标系变换提供相位支撑,PQ控制策略采用功率和电流的双闭环控制.当故障排除后,通过三相光伏逆变器的调节控制作用,使得光伏微网内部的电能质量能在很短的时间内恢复到正常值,锁相准确,谐波小,对稳定电能质量具有良好效果.     

基于电网电压定向的光伏并网逆变器系统研究

针对传统的光伏并网系统逆变控制策略存在控制复杂、谐波含量多的问题,提出了一种基于电网电压定向的光伏并网逆变器直接电流控制方法,给出了以TMS320F2812为主控制器的三相光伏并网逆变器系统的硬件及软件设计。该逆变器直接电流控制方法采用过零检测电路测量电网电压的过零点时刻,得出过零点时刻的电网电压的旋转角度,从而得到逆变器输出电压的幅值和相位;采用SVPWM技术控制IPM的开断,使逆变器输出上述幅值和相位的电压,从而实现单位功率因数并网发电功能。实验结果表明,该逆变器直接电流控制方法简单,逆变器输出电流与电网电压基本保持相同的频率和相位,并网发电功率因数接近于1。     

光伏发电系统并网逆变器控制策略研究

从光伏发电系统中并网逆变器的控制策略研究课题的背景和意义入手,对光伏发电系统中的并网逆变系统进行数学建模与分析。明确了光伏发电逆变系统的数学模型及工作原理后,针对一般的并网逆变器的控制策略没有实时更新参考信号的缺陷,提出了一种改进型的双闭环电流控制策略。在Matlab/Simulink软件环境中构建并模拟运行仿真模型。与其他常规控制策略相比,改进型双反馈闭环电流控制策略能稳定地跟踪电网电压相位,输出良好的并网电流波形。仿真成功验证了改进型策略的可行性。     

带谐波补偿的T型三电平并网逆变器控制研究

为了提高光伏逆变器并网电流质量,鉴于有源滤波器的控制算法,提出了一种新型的带谐波补偿的T型三电平并网逆变器控制策略。首先,采用锁相环分析电网电压矢量相位角,并根据光伏阵列输出的功率计算光伏并网逆变器的基波输出电流。然后,通过自校正滤波器技术提取网侧负载谐波电流。最后,根据基波输出电流与负载谐波电流确定T型三电平光伏并网逆变器的开关导通序列。为验证该控制策略,搭建了基于Matlab/Simulink的仿真模型。仿真试验结果表明:该控制策略可有效改善网侧谐波电流,提高并网电流质量,在不增加设备的前提下实现光伏并网与有源滤波双重功能。该研究对于T型三电平逆变器在光伏并网及电能质量治理领域的推广应用具有重要价值。     

不对称故障下STATCOM的运行和控制

随着电网负荷日益复杂化,电网常出现不对称故障,而且传统静止同步补偿器(STATCOM)存在参数整定难,计算复杂的缺点,故不能很好地实现无功电流的实时补偿和装置的稳定运行.通过对不对称故障状态下逆变器直流侧电压失稳机理的分析,提出一种基于正负序矢量分别定向控制新策略.该控制策略对不对称电压电流进行矢量分解,并在正负序网络下对各电矢量分别进行定向控制,从而可以有效抑制输出谐波分量,稳定直流电压,并实现动态无功补偿.同时结合能量泄放装置实现STAT℃OM在故障下的不脱网运行.该控制策略简单可靠,具有高鲁棒性,易于实现;仿真和实验结果表明,采用提出的控制方法可以及时穿越不对称故障,并有效补偿系统无功,稳定直流侧电压.     

改进无差拍控制在单相并网逆变器中的应用

为解决在单相并网逆变器中应用无差拍控制时,由于采样及处理器计算的延时而导致系统不稳定的问题,提出了一种基于CMAC神经网络的无差拍控制策略。控制策略通过MPPT算法跟踪光伏电池的最大输出功率,然后将最大功率减去电路中功率损失后除以电网电压的有效值平方得到逆变器参考电流的系数k,再根据CMAC神经网络预测出下一时刻的电网电压和参考电流,最后计算出下一时刻的开关周期的占空比对逆变器进行控制。此方法实现了对采样及处理器计算的延时的补偿,可提高了系统的稳定性,使并网逆变器的输出电流快速、准确地跟踪电网电压,降低逆变器输出电流中的总谐波歧变。通过对该策略进行了仿真和试验,结果表明该控制策略有效性和可行性。     

单相并网逆变电流分数阶PI控制策略研究

并网发电系统中,逆变器输出的并网电流易受到电网电压周期性扰动等非线性因素干扰,导致并网电流波形畸变。建立单相光伏并网逆变控制系统模型,设计一种逆变电流分数阶PI(PIλ或FO-PI)控制器,根据控制系统的频域特性,确立控制器的比例、积分系数及积分阶次与系统性能指标的关系;在整数阶PI控制器和分数阶PI控制器的分别作用下,对系统的动态和稳态性能、抗干扰性及并网逆变特性进行仿真对比,并应用快速傅里叶变换（FFT）对系统各自的逆变并网电流质量进行了分析。仿真结果表明,分数阶控制系统在满足各项稳态性能指标的同时,降低了并网电流谐波总畸变率（THD）,并提升了系统的动态性能和抗干扰能力。     

基于光伏并网的功率控制算法研究

针对光伏并网发电系统中的逆变器工作具有间歇性和容量利用低的情况,提出了一种改进型的光伏并网功率控制算法.该方法不仅能够向电网和本地负载提供有功功率,而且能补偿电网中的无功和谐波.该方法由谐波和无功电流检测、给定电流信号合成、电压电流双闭环和功率前馈构成.通过改进传统光伏并网功率控制系统中的电流给定算法,使系统能够根据天...     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。