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1概述机械密封是通过相对转动的动环和静环相互贴合,并使端面间维待一层极薄的液体膜而达到密封的目的。机械密封属于接触式动密封,常被称为端面密封,结构如图1所示。它主要由固定在密封座上的静环1和固定于主轴上与主轴一起旋转的动环3组成。相对运动面(旋转/静止密封面)为A和 相似文献
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机械密封的新思想—可控机械密封 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
一、机械密封的概述 机械密封自本世纪初问世至今,已在各类旋转机械中得到了广泛应用。 通常,机械密封可分为接触式和非接触式两大类。接触式机械密封是在密封面间没有建立润滑手段的密封,它们是依靠密封面间的微凸体接触紧密地密封住,因而有时可以认为是“平面”密封或“平行面”密封。普通机械密封大多数属于这种型式密封,广泛地应用于各种工业设备中,该种密封在运转中常常表现为混合摩擦状态,个别表现为边界摩擦状态。非接触式机械密封也就是全流体润滑密封。这种型式密封的端面间被润滑剂(液体或气体)完全分隔开来,并且流体润滑膜是连续的。 在几乎每一种动力密封的设计中,最重要的问题是在获得低泄漏的同时,如何降低密封端面间的摩擦、磨损。泄漏量是最重要的密封性能参数,它在很大程度上取决于密封端面间的间隙或膜厚h。在普通机械密封中,膜厚是由浮动(或挠性)密封环的位置决定的,而浮动环的位置又是由作用在其上的两个相反力所决定。一个就是作用在环背部的闭合力,它是由作用在环背部的被密封系统的压力和弹性元件(如弹簧、波纹管或隔膜等)的弹力产生的。 相似文献
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针对双浮动端面密封的结构,建立密封二维轴对称非线性接触模型,提取浮动密封环谷半径和锥面角两个关键参数,利用有限元方法计算并分析这两个参数和橡胶O形圈压缩率对密封性能的影响。结果表明:随着浮动环谷半径和锥面角的增大,O形圈von Mises应力、接触压力、密封端面相对变形及轴向力相应增大;锥面角对以上性能参数的影响随着谷半径的增大而显著增加;轴向力同O形圈压缩率成正比,且增幅随着压缩率的增大而增大;浮动环端面产生由内径向外径处呈发散型的变形。通过设计浮动密封轴向力测量装置,实验验证有限元计算模型具有较好的可靠性。 相似文献
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船舶艉轴密封装置端面密封摩擦副温度场稳态分析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以端面密封为主密封的船舶艉轴密封装置运行时,摩擦副在海水压力及摩擦力的作用下,密封端面间会产生大量热量,引起摩擦副温度升高,导致端面密封工作不正常。采用整体接触耦合法对船舶艉轴密封装置摩擦副温度场进行稳态分析,并通过实例计算各工况下动、静环的温度分布、热变形、间隙和接触压力情况。结果表明:动、静环端面温度、端面轴向变形随密封介质压力和转速的增加而增大,动环端面轴向变形相对静环端面较小;密封端面最外侧的间隙最大,且最大间隙随转速的增加而增大,随水压的增加而减小;随着水压和转速的增加,接触区域增大,密封端面上各点的最大接触压力出现波浪形的跳动。 相似文献
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In the friction junction, that is in a rotating metal shaft–base oil–rotary lip seal system, dynamic phenomena occur which are of mechanical and electrical nature. During the shaft׳s rotation the components of an oil film – a gap between the surfaces of a shaft and a lip of a rotary lip seal – are caused to move about within the film under the action of a centrifugal force. The relative movement of different particles and molecules in turn brings about tribocharging and results in establishing an electric field within the gap. The field and so acting the Coulomb force also affect the distribution of charged species as does the van der Waals attractive force. To analyze the effect of the above factors as well as the temperature of oil in the gap measurements of the shaft׳s braking torque and the voltage between the rotating metal shaft and a stiffening ring of a lip seal for different ranges of the base oil׳s temperatures and of the shaft׳s angular velocities are performed. In the experiments the synthetic PAG (polyalkylene glycol) and PAO (polyalphaolefin) base oils and a fluorocarbon rotary lip seal are used. 相似文献
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调研和确定旋转轴唇形密封的可持续标准,根据旋转轴唇形密封的具体结构和生产工艺,基于全生命周期评估(LCA)方法,通过定量和定性相结合的方法,计算和分析旋转轴唇形密封生命周期各阶段的能耗、碳排放、单位生产时间、成本等环境、社会和经济可持续指标,确定旋转轴唇形密封可持续改进策略:环境可持续侧重于使用阶段的能耗降低,社会可持续关注生产工艺创新,经济可持续聚焦于延寿设计。从延长使用寿命和优化运行时的摩擦状态2个方面,实施旋转轴唇形密封的可持续改进设计,分析宏观截面形状和尺寸、唇部的微观相貌、唇部材料对旋转轴唇形密封可持续性能的影响。结果表明:薄唇、微观织构和耐磨材料对降低旋转轴唇形密封的能耗和碳排放都具有积极作用,研究结果对提高旋转轴唇形密封的可持续性具有重要意义。 相似文献
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漏油是汽车变速器中较常见的故障,改进是一个长期的课题。主要介绍了商用汽车变速器总成中常用的旋转轴唇形油封的组成、功用及密封原理,重点对与油封相配合的轴和孔的配合部位设计要点进行了探讨,从设计源头提升变速器总成的密封性能。 相似文献
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Numerical analyses of the isothermal elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) have made considerable advances in order to identify the most important features in the successful operation of rotary lip seal, and the results have shown a good agreement with experiments.Most of the models previously published are capable of predicting the combined effects of thin film through deformed lip and rotating shaft, but they assume a smooth surface of the shaft. Although this assumption is only verified for shaft roughness much smaller than that of the seal lip, it is the best solution to avoid a transient model.First, the present study describes an experimental work that provides a basis upon which a numerical EHL model of rotary lip seal is constructed by taking into account both the shaft and lip roughness. After confirming the validity of the current model by comparing experimental with numerical results, simulations have been performed and have underlined the effect of shaft roughness amplitude and profile on the rotary lip seal performance. It is shown that for shaft roughness beyond half of the lip roughness, the seal may leak. 相似文献
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The experimental results are presented of research on the tribocharging of selected engine oils and on the effect of an auxiliary external DC electric field on the work of rotary machinery. There exists an effect of the type of oil, its temperature, and the electric field on the braking torque of rotating parts such as shafts, crankshafts, etc. sealed with lip seals. The research was especially aimed at the possibility of reduction in the torque under external electric fields for different engine oils. To obtain the auxiliary electric field the DC voltage was applied between the stiffening ring of a fluorocarbon lip seal and the rotating, earthed shaft in the metal shaft–oil film–lip seal system. The measurements of the torque were performed under steady state conditions for given different oil temperatures, angular shaft velocities, and voltages; also three different oils were used. It was found that for the lip seal under test the negative voltage applied produced a beneficial effect on the torque depending on the type of oils. 相似文献
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A rotary lip seal, widely used in machines containing rotating shafts, is usually protected from mechanical and thermal damage by a thin film of lubricant under the lip, separating the lip and the shaft surfaces. However, under some transient conditions such as those during startup and shutdown, the fluid film is not fully established or it breaks down, and the seal operates in the mixed lubrication regime. To simulate such cases, a transient mixed lubrication analysis has been developed. It generates predictions of such seal operating characteristics as load support sharing between hydrodynamic and contact pressure, contact and cavitation area ratio, the reverse pumping rate, and the average film thickness. In most previous numerical simulations of the rotary lip seal, the shaft surface is modeled as perfectly smooth. In the present study, a more realistic shaft surface with asperities is used, and the effect of the shaft surface roughness on the behavior of the seal is investigated. 相似文献
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利用有限元分析软件模拟分析双唇油封主唇区域的静态接触压力分布,并与单唇油封的静态接触压力进行比较;同时分析双唇油封安装后副唇的位移和变形。结果表明:油封的腰部结构不同导致双唇油封主唇区域密封效果低于单唇油封;副唇的位移和变形导致在实际运行中副唇与旋转轴存在空隙,影响防尘效果。为改善双唇油封的性能,提出采用渐进式腰部结构代替原弓形腰部结构和采用较长的防尘唇的双唇型油封结构优化方案。结果表明:采用渐进式腰部结构的双唇油封的主唇口接触压力曲线更接近单唇油封,密封效果优于普通双唇油封;采用较长的防尘唇,且安装时使防尘唇与旋转轴之间具有一定的过盈量,可以使防尘唇在油封装配变形后仍保持与旋转轴接触,减少了防尘唇唇尖与旋转轴之间的空隙,能够有效地提升防尘效果。 相似文献