浮动油封

浮动油封适用于工程机械的行走部件与行星减速部件上端面的动态密封,属机械密封,一般由铁合金材料的浮封环及配套的丁腈橡胶O形密封圈组成。浮封环需成对使用,一个随旋转件转动,一个相对静止。     

充气集装式机械密封在化工泵中的应用

1概述机械密封是通过相对转动的动环和静环相互贴合,并使端面间维待一层极薄的液体膜而达到密封的目的。机械密封属于接触式动密封,常被称为端面密封,结构如图1所示。它主要由固定在密封座上的静环1和固定于主轴上与主轴一起旋转的动环3组成。相对运动面(旋转/静止密封面)为A和     

机械密封的新思想—可控机械密封

一、机械密封的概述 机械密封自本世纪初问世至今,已在各类旋转机械中得到了广泛应用。 通常,机械密封可分为接触式和非接触式两大类。接触式机械密封是在密封面间没有建立润滑手段的密封,它们是依靠密封面间的微凸体接触紧密地密封住,因而有时可以认为是“平面”密封或“平行面”密封。普通机械密封大多数属于这种型式密封,广泛地应用于各种工业设备中,该种密封在运转中常常表现为混合摩擦状态,个别表现为边界摩擦状态。非接触式机械密封也就是全流体润滑密封。这种型式密封的端面间被润滑剂(液体或气体)完全分隔开来,并且流体润滑膜是连续的。 在几乎每一种动力密封的设计中,最重要的问题是在获得低泄漏的同时,如何降低密封端面间的摩擦、磨损。泄漏量是最重要的密封性能参数,它在很大程度上取决于密封端面间的间隙或膜厚h。在普通机械密封中,膜厚是由浮动(或挠性)密封环的位置决定的,而浮动环的位置又是由作用在其上的两个相反力所决定。一个就是作用在环背部的闭合力,它是由作用在环背部的被密封系统的压力和弹性元件(如弹簧、波纹管或隔膜等)的弹力产生的。     

机械密封热变形研究进展

机械密封是旋转机械中常用的一种轴密封,受力情况复杂,工作条件非常恶劣,介质压力和弹簧力的作用使得密封端面产生机械变形,端面容易呈现局部接触,当机械密封动环以高速旋转时,端面间的接触摩擦和端面对液膜的粘切作用而产生热,引起密封端面温升和热变形.端面热变形是密封失效的主要原因之一.从密封环温度场、变形、耦合变形、优化等方面综合评述了机械密封热变形的研究现状,分析存在的问题,最后指出进一步的研究方向.     

双浮动端面密封关键参数对密封性能的影响

针对双浮动端面密封的结构,建立密封二维轴对称非线性接触模型,提取浮动密封环谷半径和锥面角两个关键参数,利用有限元方法计算并分析这两个参数和橡胶O形圈压缩率对密封性能的影响。结果表明：随着浮动环谷半径和锥面角的增大,O形圈von Mises应力、接触压力、密封端面相对变形及轴向力相应增大;锥面角对以上性能参数的影响随着谷半径的增大而显著增加;轴向力同O形圈压缩率成正比,且增幅随着压缩率的增大而增大;浮动环端面产生由内径向外径处呈发散型的变形。通过设计浮动密封轴向力测量装置,实验验证有限元计算模型具有较好的可靠性。     

倾斜微孔密封端面气体润滑动压效应实验研究

对密封压力影响下倾斜微孔端面的气体润滑动压效应进行了实验研究,采用石墨动环和SiC静环配副实现旋转气体润滑。静环试件端面加工有与直径成一定倾斜角度的椭圆微孔,实验中对4种微孔端面的气体润滑膜厚度进行了测量,分析了密封压力和转速对气膜厚度的影响规律。结果表明:转速越高,气膜厚度越大,动压效应越强;密封压力越高,动压效应对膜厚的影响越小;双列倾斜微孔端面的动压效应优于单列倾斜微孔端面的动压效应。     

外驱动式中间旋转环机械密封设计

针对旋转机械轴向端面密封在高速和低速状态时密封的低稳定性问题,应用TRIZ 创新理论,并结合解决物理矛盾的空间分离原理,提出一种外驱动式中间旋转环机械密封设计方案。该设计方案在密封端面的动环和静环之间设置由外置动力源驱动的中间旋转环,实现了动、静环密封面之间相对转速的主动控制。实验结果表明,外驱动式中间旋转环机械密封改善了机械密封在高速和低速状态下的稳定性,可满足不同工况下的密封要求;该机械密封泄漏量虽有所增大,但在允许的范围内。     

机械密封动环结构动力学特性研究与试验分析

旋转设备在运行中,传动轴的转动会导致机械密封摩擦副的接触端面发生振动.为研究接触端面振动对密封性能的影响,以某型号机械密封的摩擦副为研究对象,运用SolidWorks对机械密封的动环进行有限元建模,采用ANSYS Workbench对机械密封的动环进行结构动力学分析,分析发现:动环在1阶、2阶、3阶模态频率下会产生径向...     

船舶艉轴密封装置端面密封摩擦副温度场稳态分析

以端面密封为主密封的船舶艉轴密封装置运行时,摩擦副在海水压力及摩擦力的作用下,密封端面间会产生大量热量,引起摩擦副温度升高,导致端面密封工作不正常。采用整体接触耦合法对船舶艉轴密封装置摩擦副温度场进行稳态分析,并通过实例计算各工况下动、静环的温度分布、热变形、间隙和接触压力情况。结果表明：动、静环端面温度、端面轴向变形随密封介质压力和转速的增加而增大,动环端面轴向变形相对静环端面较小;密封端面最外侧的间隙最大,且最大间隙随转速的增加而增大,随水压的增加而减小;随着水压和转速的增加,接触区域增大,密封端面上各点的最大接触压力出现波浪形的跳动。     

混合润滑状态下旋转唇形密封的失效机制模型

为探究旋转唇形密封的失效机制,综合考虑流体、微凸体、弹性变形和温度对旋转唇形密封的影响,构建旋转唇形密封多场耦合模型,并基于多场耦合模型与关键点更新策略提出混合润滑状态下旋转唇形密封的磨损退化模型仿真方法。通过设计故障模拟试验,将试验结果与仿真结果进行对比,验证了仿真方法的有效性。结果表明：唇形密封件在初期磨损速率较大,之后趋于平缓;唇尖处接触压力最大,磨损速率最大。     

旋转轴唇型密封圈的寿命预测研究

提出基于ABAQUS软件和疲劳分析软件FE-SAFE预测旋转轴唇形密封圈寿命的方法.以某型号减速器中的输入轴与轴承端盖间的旋转轴唇形密封圈为研究对象,通过构建预紧状态下旋转轴唇形密封圈的有限元模型,获得旋转轴唇形密封圈的过盈量和理论接触宽度与唇口最大接触压力之间的关系曲线;根据ABAQUS获得的应力,并结合材料应力-循...     

How do the temperature,angular velocity and electric fields affect mechanical and electrokinetic phenomena in a friction junction?

In the friction junction, that is in a rotating metal shaft–base oil–rotary lip seal system, dynamic phenomena occur which are of mechanical and electrical nature. During the shaft׳s rotation the components of an oil film – a gap between the surfaces of a shaft and a lip of a rotary lip seal – are caused to move about within the film under the action of a centrifugal force. The relative movement of different particles and molecules in turn brings about tribocharging and results in establishing an electric field within the gap. The field and so acting the Coulomb force also affect the distribution of charged species as does the van der Waals attractive force. To analyze the effect of the above factors as well as the temperature of oil in the gap measurements of the shaft׳s braking torque and the voltage between the rotating metal shaft and a stiffening ring of a lip seal for different ranges of the base oil׳s temperatures and of the shaft׳s angular velocities are performed. In the experiments the synthetic PAG (polyalkylene glycol) and PAO (polyalphaolefin) base oils and a fluorocarbon rotary lip seal are used.     

旋转轴唇形密封的可持续设计研究

调研和确定旋转轴唇形密封的可持续标准,根据旋转轴唇形密封的具体结构和生产工艺,基于全生命周期评估（LCA）方法,通过定量和定性相结合的方法,计算和分析旋转轴唇形密封生命周期各阶段的能耗、碳排放、单位生产时间、成本等环境、社会和经济可持续指标,确定旋转轴唇形密封可持续改进策略：环境可持续侧重于使用阶段的能耗降低,社会可持续关注生产工艺创新,经济可持续聚焦于延寿设计。从延长使用寿命和优化运行时的摩擦状态2个方面,实施旋转轴唇形密封的可持续改进设计,分析宏观截面形状和尺寸、唇部的微观相貌、唇部材料对旋转轴唇形密封可持续性能的影响。结果表明：薄唇、微观织构和耐磨材料对降低旋转轴唇形密封的能耗和碳排放都具有积极作用,研究结果对提高旋转轴唇形密封的可持续性具有重要意义。     

油封在商用汽车变速器总成中的应用设计探讨

漏油是汽车变速器中较常见的故障,改进是一个长期的课题。主要介绍了商用汽车变速器总成中常用的旋转轴唇形油封的组成、功用及密封原理,重点对与油封相配合的轴和孔的配合部位设计要点进行了探讨,从设计源头提升变速器总成的密封性能。     

旋转轴唇形密封件磨损仿真分析

使用有限元分析软件Abaqus对旋转轴唇形密封件的磨损进行模拟,通过UMESHMOTION用户子程序来实现密封件的动态磨损过程和控制局部区域的网格自适应划分,并基于磨损因子模型来控制橡胶的磨损速率,得到了密封件唇口轮廓形状以及接触压力随时间的演化规律.通过计算所得的主唇口磨损深度与实验值进行对比,验证了仿真方法的有效性...     

Shaft roughness effect on elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication of rotary lip seals: Experimentation and numerical simulation

Numerical analyses of the isothermal elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) have made considerable advances in order to identify the most important features in the successful operation of rotary lip seal, and the results have shown a good agreement with experiments.Most of the models previously published are capable of predicting the combined effects of thin film through deformed lip and rotating shaft, but they assume a smooth surface of the shaft. Although this assumption is only verified for shaft roughness much smaller than that of the seal lip, it is the best solution to avoid a transient model.First, the present study describes an experimental work that provides a basis upon which a numerical EHL model of rotary lip seal is constructed by taking into account both the shaft and lip roughness. After confirming the validity of the current model by comparing experimental with numerical results, simulations have been performed and have underlined the effect of shaft roughness amplitude and profile on the rotary lip seal performance. It is shown that for shaft roughness beyond half of the lip roughness, the seal may leak.     

Influence of an applied electric field on the torque of rotary lip seals on metal shafts. Part II: Effects of oil type

The experimental results are presented of research on the tribocharging of selected engine oils and on the effect of an auxiliary external DC electric field on the work of rotary machinery. There exists an effect of the type of oil, its temperature, and the electric field on the braking torque of rotating parts such as shafts, crankshafts, etc. sealed with lip seals. The research was especially aimed at the possibility of reduction in the torque under external electric fields for different engine oils. To obtain the auxiliary electric field the DC voltage was applied between the stiffening ring of a fluorocarbon lip seal and the rotating, earthed shaft in the metal shaft–oil film–lip seal system. The measurements of the torque were performed under steady state conditions for given different oil temperatures, angular shaft velocities, and voltages; also three different oils were used. It was found that for the lip seal under test the negative voltage applied produced a beneficial effect on the torque depending on the type of oils.     

三种型式轴封的摩擦功耗测定与比较

摩擦功耗是评价轴封节能与否的重要指标。利用MMU-2摩擦磨损试验机对3种结构型式轴封即填料密封、机械密封和360度旋转式组合密封的摩擦功耗进行了测定。试验结果表明:3种型式轴封的摩擦功耗随转速的增大而增大,填料密封摩擦功耗最大,机械密封摩擦功耗次之,360度旋转式组合密封摩擦功耗最小;不同材料的填料密封的摩擦功耗不同,碳纤维填料密封和四氟填料密封摩擦功耗基本接近,并且远远低于芳纶填料密封。该结果为正确选择轴封提供了重要的参考依据。     

A Transient Mixed Lubrication Model of a Rotary Lip Seal with a Rough Shaft

A rotary lip seal, widely used in machines containing rotating shafts, is usually protected from mechanical and thermal damage by a thin film of lubricant under the lip, separating the lip and the shaft surfaces. However, under some transient conditions such as those during startup and shutdown, the fluid film is not fully established or it breaks down, and the seal operates in the mixed lubrication regime. To simulate such cases, a transient mixed lubrication analysis has been developed. It generates predictions of such seal operating characteristics as load support sharing between hydrodynamic and contact pressure, contact and cavitation area ratio, the reverse pumping rate, and the average film thickness. In most previous numerical simulations of the rotary lip seal, the shaft surface is modeled as perfectly smooth. In the present study, a more realistic shaft surface with asperities is used, and the effect of the shaft surface roughness on the behavior of the seal is investigated.     

双唇型油封的密封性能及其结构优化

利用有限元分析软件模拟分析双唇油封主唇区域的静态接触压力分布,并与单唇油封的静态接触压力进行比较;同时分析双唇油封安装后副唇的位移和变形。结果表明:油封的腰部结构不同导致双唇油封主唇区域密封效果低于单唇油封;副唇的位移和变形导致在实际运行中副唇与旋转轴存在空隙,影响防尘效果。为改善双唇油封的性能,提出采用渐进式腰部结构代替原弓形腰部结构和采用较长的防尘唇的双唇型油封结构优化方案。结果表明:采用渐进式腰部结构的双唇油封的主唇口接触压力曲线更接近单唇油封,密封效果优于普通双唇油封;采用较长的防尘唇,且安装时使防尘唇与旋转轴之间具有一定的过盈量,可以使防尘唇在油封装配变形后仍保持与旋转轴接触,减少了防尘唇唇尖与旋转轴之间的空隙,能够有效地提升防尘效果。