齿面粗糙度对齿轮传动接触疲劳应力的影响

对齿面粗糙度呈余弦分布的渐开线圆柱齿轮进行热弹流润滑数值计算,分析齿面粗糙度对齿轮传动接触疲劳应力的影响。结果表明:粗糙度会使轮齿接触区次表面发生明显的应力集中,粗糙度波长愈小,应力集中愈明显,且愈贴近齿轮表面;随着粗糙度波幅的增大,平均油膜厚度单调增大,而接触区次表面主剪应力的最大值呈抛物线变化;随着粗糙度波长的增大,平均油膜厚度迅速减小而主剪应力的最大值急剧增大,但当波长增至一定值时,二者各自趋于光滑齿面接触时的相应值。     

齿轮压力角对润滑油膜厚度的影响

运用弹流润滑理论,分析了轮齿压力角对润滑油膜厚度的影响。结果表明,轮齿压力角的增大,节点最小油膜厚度、接触区内的平均油膜厚度和中心油膜厚度显著增大,对改善齿面润滑极为有利,为非标准重载齿轮的设计提供了理论依据。     

渐开线重载齿轮传动非牛顿流体热弹流润滑分析

建立渐开线重载齿轮传动的非牛顿流体热弹流润滑模型,分别采用多重网格法、多重网格积分法、逐列扫描法计算齿面压力分布、油膜厚度和齿面温度,分析润滑油黏度和齿轮转速对重载齿轮传动接触疲劳寿命的综合影响。结果表明:在润滑油黏度和齿面综合速度乘积固定不变的前提下,同时改变其中任一量对轮齿接触应力没有影响。     

基于分形函数的齿面粗糙度效应研究

为了从理论上探讨齿面粗糙度对齿轮传动接触疲劳应力的影响,首先借助分形函数模拟生成横向纹理粗糙曲线;然后将其叠加到油膜厚度方程中进而构建了重载齿轮传动混合弹流润滑模型。基于此模型,采用多重网格法进行了40组数值计算。结果表明:随着齿面粗糙度的增加,齿面平均油膜厚度几乎呈线性增加;而齿面接触应力则是先逐渐降低然后再不断变大,即二者之间呈抛物线关系。通过对计算结果的回归分析,建立了齿面接触应力与齿面粗糙度之间的定量关系。     

考虑表面粗糙度的面齿轮齿面接触应力分析

根据齿轮啮合原理,得出了面齿轮的齿面方程,求得面齿轮齿面曲率。结合赫兹接触理论,推导了点接触面齿轮传动接触点的接触应力及应力沿齿面的分布规律,从齿根到齿顶,齿面接触应力先增大后减小,在靠近齿面中点处达到最大值。由粗糙表面接触理论,分析了面齿轮齿面微观弹塑性变形时的接触面积,并得到粗糙齿面接触时面齿轮齿面接触应力及其分布。对比分析了几种不同粗糙度条件下面齿轮齿面接触应力的变化规律,结果表明:齿面接触应力随表面粗糙度的增大而增大,与齿根处相比,齿顶接触应力受表面粗糙度影响更大。文中的分析可为面齿轮磨损及润滑机理的研究提供依据。     

动态—瞬态弹流润滑状态下的直齿轮表层应力分析

齿轮传动设计中,关于齿轮的接触强度,传统的表层应力计算是建立在赫兹干接触分析基础上的,这与齿轮传动的实际工况颇有差别。本文考虑了动态——瞬态弹流润滑对直齿轮表层应力的影响,经数值计算发现,与干接触情况相比,最大表层当量应力更接近表面,并向出口区偏移,且由于轮齿接触区的压力分布和剪应力分布存在二次峰,表层当量等值应力分布有明显的变化。     

渐开线直齿轮瞬态微观热弹流润滑分析

考虑了瞬态效应、轮齿表面油膜温度场和轮齿表面纵向粗糙度等因素,对渐开线直齿圆柱齿轮的弹流润滑问题进行研究。载荷由双齿或单齿承担,根据实际载荷谱简化的轮齿载荷曲线,利用压力求解的多重网格法和弹性变形求解的多重网格积分法以及温度求解的逐列扫描技术,得到渐开线直齿轮瞬态微观热弹流润滑问题的完全数值解,讨论了轮齿间油膜的厚度、压力、温度沿啮合线的变化规律。数值计算结果表明,齿轮表面纵向粗糙度对轮齿间油膜的压力、膜厚、温升都有较大影响。考虑轮齿表面粗糙度后,油膜压力和温升明显增大,并随压力的增加而影响越来越显著,粗糙峰使油膜压力分布和温度分布产生振荡,轮齿表面的粗糙峰对摩擦因数影响较小,摩擦因数和最高温升在节点两侧最大。     

润滑油粘度对齿轮接触疲劳寿命影响的研究

通过热弹流润滑数值计算,分析了润滑油粘度对齿轮接触疲劳寿命的影响。研究结果表明：就齿轮润滑而言,并非润滑油粘度越高齿轮疲劳寿命就越长;当粘度超过某一临界值时,疲劳寿命随粘度增加反而降低。同时还指出齿面压力分布中的第二压力峰是个相当重要的参数,它对轮齿接触区次表面应力分布影响较大。     

直齿轮传动非牛顿流体瞬态弹流润滑研究

综合考虑润滑流体的非牛顿特性以及齿轮传动的瞬态效应，采用Bair-Winer粘塑模型推导了非牛顿流体雷诺方程，建立了非牛顿流体瞬态弹流润滑模型；进行直齿轮传动非牛顿流体弹流润滑数值分析，获得了齿轮传动沿啮合线的油膜压力、油膜形状以及摩擦因数的分布。结果表明：在非牛顿流体工况下，油膜厚度、油膜压力以及轮齿表面摩擦因数均有所降低,因此在齿轮弹流润滑研究中应考虑流体的非牛顿特性的影响。     

基于纵向粗糙纹理的高副接触机械零件的润滑特性探究

首先对表面粗糙纹理呈纵向分布的圆盘试件进行了实测,获得了粗糙度数据;接着,运用傅里叶非线性变换得到了表面粗糙度函数;然后,将此函数叠加到油膜厚度方程中建立了高副接触机械零件的混合弹流润滑模型。基于此模型,通过改变润滑剂黏度先后进行了45组数值计算。结果表明:纵向纹理粗糙表面的平均油膜厚度始终小于光滑表面接触时的膜厚值,但当油膜比厚大于一定值后,二者逐渐趋于一致;随着润滑剂黏度的增大,粗糙表面接触应力逐渐降低,但始终大于光滑表面接触应力;然而,无论是粗糙表面还是光滑表面接触,其接触应力均小于赫兹应力。这也再次表明,合理润滑可有效提高机械零件的接触疲劳寿命。     

Analysis on Isothermal Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication of Orthogonal Face Gear

Face-gear drives have been applied in aviation transmissions, in particular, helicopter transmissions, and the lubrication characteristics are an important indicator for estimating the load-carrying capacity of face-gear teeth. In order to analyze the lubrication performance of the face gear under load, equations for the contact path of the face gear loaded tooth contact analysis (LTCA) were established on the basis of the load equivalent error of alignment (LEEA) and the load distribution among the teeth was calculated. Then a method for calculating the contact area and tooth surface velocity of face-gear drives was studied. Face-gear isothermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) dimensionless equations are presented. A multigrid algorithm was used to complete the solution of the minimum film thickness and film pressure of face-gear drives. The lubricant film thickness and film pressure variation in the mesh cycle are expressed using example calculations that provide a theoretical basis for face-gear lubrication design.     

Coefficient of friction of a starved lubricated spur gear pair

The frictional power loss issue of gear pairs becomes an important concern in both industry and academia due to the requirement of the energy saving and the improvement of power density of gear drives. A thermal starved elastohydrodynamic lubrication model is developed to study the tribological performance of a spur gear pair under starved lubrication conditions. The contact pressure, the film thickness, the temperature rise, the frictional power loss, as well as the coefficient of friction are evaluated by considering the variation of the curvature radius, the sliding/rolling motion, and the load distribution of gear tooth within the meshing period. Effects of lubrication starvation condition, load and speed on the coefficient of friction are studied.

     

Implementation of Hertz theory and validation of a finite element model for stress analysis of gear drives with localized bearing contact

An analytical approach for stress analysis of gear drives with localized bearing contact based on the Hertz theory is proposed. The proposed approach provides a complete and effective solution of the contact problem but satisfaction of the hypotheses for application of the Hertz theory is its main drawback. On the other hand, a finite element model has been developed and validated in terms of the contact area, maximum contact pressure, pressure distribution, maximum Tresca stress, and Tresca stress distribution underneath the contacting surfaces. Validation of the finite element model is provided for those cases wherein the Hertz theory can be applied. The obtained results confirm the applicability of the proposed approach for gear drives with localized bearing contact wherein edge contact is avoided by surface modifications and whole crowning of tooth surfaces is provided.     

Study on Starved Lubrication Performance of a Cycloid Drive

The lubrication performance of cycloid drives affects the dynamic characteristics, mechanical efficiency, and contact fatigue behavior. Starved lubrication performance of a cycloid gear drive is studied using a numerical thermo-starved elastohydrodynamic lubrication model. The parameter of the inlet oil film thickness is chosen to represent the starvation degree. Effects of the inlet film thickness on the central film thickness, friction coefficient, frictional power loss, starting position of the effective film thickness, and lubrication efficiency are investigated. The optimum inlet film thickness is defined and is calculated under different rolling–sliding ratios, speeds, and loads. Finally, the optimum inlet film thickness during the meshing process of a cycloid drive is calculated.     

谐波齿轮传动重合度的计算方法研究

针对谐波齿轮传动的特殊性提出谐波齿轮重合度的定义,即柔轮和刚轮轮齿的啮合区间角与刚轮单个齿距圆心角的比值。基于瞬心线运动几何学,推导出柔轮和刚轮轮齿的相对瞬心线方程,然后根据Willis定理的结论,计算出柔轮和刚轮之间的啮合区间角,最后由重合度定义计算出重合度。此计算方法适用于各种不同齿形的谐波齿轮传动重合度的计算,对于衡量新齿形谐波齿轮传动的啮合性能,具有重要的参考意义,因此该方法具有通用性。     

齿轮传动瞬态弹流润滑的计算分析

本文在考虑流体可压缩性的情况下，综合考虑了重合度对轮齿载荷的影响以及变曲率，变速度的瞬态效应，经出了传动瞬态流润滑方程及其求解方法，在经入齿轮传动的实际工况参数后，进行了完全数值解，得到了两齿轮在啮合线任意点处的油膜压力分布和油膜形状以及最小油膜厚度沿啮合线的变化曲线。     

Enhanced friction model for high-speed right-angle gear dynamics

The modeling of elastohydrodynamic lubrication friction and the analysis of its dynamic effect on right-angle gears, such as hypoid and spiral bevel types are performed in the present study. Unlike the classically applied empirical constant coefficient of friction at the contacting tooth surfaces, the enhanced physics-based gear mesh friction model is both spatial and time-varying. The underlying formulation assumes mixed elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) condition in which the division and load distribution between the full film and asperity contact zones are determined by the film thickness ratio and load sharing coefficient. In the proposed time-varying friction model, the calculation of friction coefficient is performed at each contact grid inside the instantaneous contact area that is being subjected to mineral oil lubrication. The effective friction coefficient and directional parameters synthesized from the net frictional and normal contact forces are then incorporated into a nonlinear time-varying right-angle gear dynamic model. Using this model, the effect of friction on the gear dynamic response due to the transmission error and mesh excitations is analyzed. Also, parametric studies are performed by varying torque, surface roughness and lubrication properties to understand the salient role of tooth sliding friction in gear dynamics. The simulation results are included. But experimental verification is needed.     

双包络蜗杆副的载荷分布研究

给出了确定双包络蜗杆传动副沿蜗杆螺纹面和蜗轮轮齿瞬时接触 线载荷分布的方法,研究了蜗杆螺纹面和蜗轮齿面弯曲变形、剪切变形、接触变形及蜗杆轴向变形。采用数值分析和迭代技术对确定载荷分布的积分公式进行求解。分别计算了传统蜗杆副和新型蜗杆副的载荷分布,同时分析了各因素对载荷分布的影响。     

网络化齿轮润滑油选用系统研究

提出了一种基于网络的齿轮润滑油选用的构想。在ASP环境下,结合SQL Server数据库,从安全管理模块、客户管理模块、油液选用模块和数据管理模块四个角度,建立了网络化选油系统的体系结构,描述了在该框架下各模块功能及网络选油的实施流程。以工业闭式齿轮润滑油为例,介绍了利用ASP实现网络化的选油系统。实践证明,该系统不仅提升了齿轮润滑油选用的智能化程度,提高了效率,减少了对技术人员的依赖,同时还具有良好的扩展性和可维护性。     

齿轮传动的摩擦学设计

运用弹流理论对齿轮传动进行了分析,提出从摩擦学角度进行齿轮传动设计的原则,为降低齿轮的磨损,提高传动效率和使用寿命提供了依据。