LMI的广义系统输出反馈H2控制

利用广义系统正常化方法,在较为一般的条件下,把存在输出反馈控制器使得闭环系统无脉冲模,内稳定且满足H2性能指标的充分条件表示成线性矩阵不等式（LMI）的形式.给出的控制器含有可调参数,便于工程应用.     

具有极点区域约束的广义模糊系统的输出反馈控制

针对模糊广义系统，将动态输出反馈控制器设计问题转化为一组矩阵不等式的可行解问题，使得闭环系统不仅具有鲁棒性能，而且能把闭环系统极点配置在一个给定的圆形区域内，从而保证系统具有期望的动态性能。     

线性奇异系统的H_2控制:状态反馈情形

研究一类线性奇异系统的H2控制问题,在较为一般的条件下,利用线性矩阵不等式方法给出一个使闭环系统无脉冲模,内稳定,并满足H2性能指标的状态反馈控制器存在的充要条件以及控制器的一族解.数值仿真证实了所提方法的有效性和实用性.     

具有极点约束的线性振动系统的一种主动控制设计:LMI方法

本文讨论具有闭环极点约束的线性振动系统状态反馈主动控制设计问题。极点约束集是左半复平面上一个由圆形和带状区域构成的凸域，以闭环系统的H2指标为优化目标，将该设计问题转化成一个易于计算的线性矩阵不等式（LMI）约束的凸优化问题求解。最后运用本文方法对一个双层隔振系统模型进行状态反馈控制设计，并给出数值仿真结果。     

异步切换下切换系统的动态输出反馈保成本控制

作为一类重要的混杂系统,切换系统由若干个子系统以及一个协调各子系统之间切换的切换信号构成,在自然科学、工程控制和社会系统等方面有着广泛的应用。在对切换系统的控制问题进行研究时,一般假设子系统和控制器同步运行。然而,在实际工程控制中,控制器的切换相对于子系统的切换存在切换时延,从而产生异步切换。因此,对异步切换下的切换系统研究是十分必要的。针对一类异步切换下切换系统的动态输出反馈保成本控制问题进行了研究。报告了切换系统的研究现状以及异步切换下切换系统的最新研究成果。利用分段李雅普诺夫函数法和平均驻留时间法,得到了使得异步切换下的闭环切换系统稳定的动态输出反馈控制器存在的充分条件。从线性矩阵不等式的角度,提出了异步切换动态输出反馈保成本控制器设计方案,并给出成本上界的优化方法。最后,通过一个数值算例说明了提出的方法的有效性。     

不确定结构输出反馈H_∞保性能鲁棒分散控制研究

为了有效处理土木工程结构分散振动控制中模型参数不确定性对系统性能的影响,提出了同时满足多个控制目标的输出反馈H_∞保性能鲁棒分散控制算法。基于Lyapunov稳定性理论和线性矩阵不等式方法,给出并证明了H_∞保性能鲁棒分散控制器存在的充分条件,在此基础上,采用变量替换方法,建立了输出反馈H_∞保性能鲁棒分散控制算法,进而通过引入约束条件,将其转化为具有线性矩阵不等式约束的凸优化问题。针对一12层结构进行分散控制设计、集中控制设计及仿真分析。结果表明,对于具有较大不确定性的结构,输出反馈H_∞保性能鲁棒分散控制算法较传统线性二次高斯集中控制算法有更理想的控制效果。     

基于LMI的结构振动多目标鲁棒H_2/H_∞控制

研究了考虑建筑结构动力特性具有不确定性的多目标鲁棒H2/H∞控制问题。在设计控制器的过程中,将模型参数(包括质量、刚度和阻尼)的不确定性引入到状态方程的摄动矩阵之中,使得闭环系统对所有允许的不确定性同时满足H∞干扰抑制和最优H2性能。基于线性矩阵不等式优化技术,推导得到了线性矩阵不等式组来求解相应的多目标优化问题,应用MATLAB的线性矩阵不等式工具箱设计了输出反馈控制器。最后对一3层结构进行了振动控制仿真分析,结果表明了所提方法的有效性和优越性。     

建筑结构基于LMI的鲁棒非脆弱H∞控制

考虑一维地震动作用和结构参数不确定性影响,提出一种基于线性矩阵不等式(Linear Matrix Inequalities, LMI)的鲁棒非脆弱H_∞控制方法。引入工程中常用的二次型最优指标,并应用线性矩阵不等式减小求解的复杂度,使得控制器的性能指标容易衡量,设计相对简单,便于工程应用。以一个三层剪切型结构模型为例进行数值分析,并与传统H_∞控制方法进行对比,仿真结果初步表明：1) 所提方法具有很好的控制效果和鲁棒性;2) 合理地计算结构参数值,可使控制系统在具有最优反应品质的前提下,获得相对更好的鲁棒性和非脆弱性。     

考虑执行器响应时滞的磁流变悬架H2/H∞鲁棒控制研究

针对磁流变阻尼器响应时滞对半主动悬架系统控制效果和稳定性造成的不良影响,设计了一种时滞H₂/H_∞鲁棒控制器对执行器输入的定常时滞进行鲁棒控制,推导了控制器反馈控制增益和系统临界时滞;开展了磁流变阻尼器力学试验并对Bingham模型实现参数识别;基于MotoTron平台完成了驱动电流PI控制参数整定,使阻尼器响应时滞降低到临界时滞以内。仿真结果表明：C级随机路面下,所设计的时滞H₂/H_∞鲁棒控制器相比被动悬架和不考虑时滞的鲁棒控制器,车身加速度和悬架动挠度分别降低了24.52%、9.79%、11.26%和7.19%,乘坐舒适性得到明显改善,轮胎动载荷相比鲁棒控制优化了3.21%,兼顾了行驶安全性。为进一步验证时滞H₂/H_∞鲁棒控制器实际工作性能,设计了悬架ECU,开展了单轮悬架台架试验。试验结果表明：时滞H₂/H_∞鲁棒控制器能保证时滞输入系统的控制性能和稳定性。     

基于输出反馈的不确定非线性系统模糊鲁棒H∞控制

本文针对一类不确定非线性系统,研究了基于输出反馈的模糊鲁棒H∞控制问题。根据模糊T-S模型表征不确定非线性系统,基于状态观测器设计模糊控制器。由线性矩阵不等式和自适应律给出了模糊控制器存在的充分性条件。基于Lyapunov稳定性理论,提出的模糊控制方案在所有闭环信号最终一致有界意义下实现了期望的H∞性能。仿真结果表明了该方案的可行性。本文所提出的模糊跟踪控制器松弛了保守性,避免了匹配条件和上界。与已有的工作相比,本文约简了线性矩阵不等式的维数。     

Nanoporous TiO2 thin film based conductometric H2 sensor

Nanoporous titanium dioxide (TiO₂) based conductometric sensors have been fabricated and their sensitivity to hydrogen (H₂) gas has been investigated. A filtered cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA) system was used to deposit ultra-smooth Ti thin films on a transducer having patterned inter-digital gold electrodes (IDTs). Nanoporous TiO₂ films were obtained by anodization of the titanium (Ti) thin films using a neutral 0.5% (wt) NH₄F in ethylene glycol solution at 5 V for 1 h. After anodization, the films were annealed at 600 °C for 8 h to convert the remaining Ti into TiO₂. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that the average diameters of the nanopores are in the range of 20 to 25 nm. The sensor was exposed to different concentrations of H₂ in synthetic air at operating temperatures between 100 °C and 300 °C. The sensor responded with a highest sensitivity of 1.24 to 1% of H₂ gas at 225 °C.     

Reactivity of the H2O2/TiO2 system

The reactivity of the H₂O₂/TiO₂ system for samples treated at atmospheric pressure is studied by means of Auger Electron Spectroscopy. The most significant changes on the TiO₂ ‘final’ state are: (i) The I(O)/I(Ti) peak-to-peak ratio is diminished by 15%. (ii) The LMV transition suffers an energy shift of +2 eV, whereas the peak-to-peak width diminishes 1.5 eV. (iii) Its structure changes with respect to that of the TiO₂ ‘initial’ state although it is not identified with any one of the known stoichiometric oxides. (iv) When the samples that represent the ‘final’ state are heated up to 650 K, the AES spectrum matches quite well that of the TiO₂ ‘initial’ state.     

Crystal structure of K4[H2J2O10].8H20

Crystals of K₄ [H₂J₂O₁₀] 8H₂O belong to the triclinic system, space group P 1 with a = 7.161 (2) $\text{A}\text{?}\text{, b}\text{= 10,553}$ (5) $\text{A}\text{?}\text{, c}\text{= 7,081}$ (2) $\text{A}\text{?}\text{, α = 98°1′}$, β = 117°8′, γ = 90°6′ and Z = 1. The crystal structure has been determined on the basis of photographic data from 877 independent reflections, with the final R value of 6,6%. The iodine atoms are surrounded by a distorted octahedra consisting of five oxygen atoms and one OH group. The average J-O distance is 2.03 Å. There are 2 independent K atoms in the structure. K(1) has a coordination number of eight, while K(2) is surrounded by 6 (5 water molecules + one OH group) nearest neighbours.     

Crystal Structure of (H3O)2[(UO2)2(SeO4)3(H2O)2](H2O)3.5

Crystals of (H₃O)₂[(UO₂)₂(SeO₄)₃(H₂O)₂](H₂O)_3.5 were prepared from aqueous solutions by evaporation. The crystal structure [monoclinic system, space group P2₁/m, a = 11.9402(11), b = 13.6452(14), c = 13.7271(12) Å, β = 109.436(7)°, V = 2109.1(3) ų] was solved by the direct method and refined to R ₁ = 0. 048 (wR ₂ = 0. 082) for 3677 reflections with |F _hkl |F _hkl |. The structure consists of [(UO₂)₂(SeO₄)₃(H₂O)₂]₂₋ layers arranged parallel to the (010) plane. The layers are formed by uranium and selenium coordination polyhedra sharing common vertices and are linked with each other by hydrogen bonds through the H₂O and H₃O⁺ groups arranged between the layers. __________ Translated from Radiokhimiya, Vol. 47, No. 5, 2005, pp. 412–414. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2005 by Krivovichev, Kahlenberg.     

Large-scale fabrication of H2(H2O)Nb2O6 and Nb2O5 hollow microspheres

Hollow micro-sized H₂(H₂O)Nb₂O₆ spheres constructed by nanocrystallites have been successfully synthesized via a bubble-template assisted hydrothermal process. In the reaction process, H₂O₂ acts as a bubble generator and plays a key role in the formation of the hollow structure. An in situ bubble-template mechanism has been proposed for the possible formation of the hollow structure. The spherelike assemblies of these H₂(H₂O)Nb₂O₆ nanoparticles have been transformed into their corresponding pseudohexagonal phase Nb₂O₅ through a moderate annealing dehydration process without destroying the hierarchical structure. Optical properties of the as-prepared hollow spheres were investigated. It is exciting that the absorption edge of the hollow Nb₂O₅ microspheres shifts about 18 nm to the violet compared with bulk powders in the UV/vis spectra, indicating its superior optical properties.     

基于Pd/Fe3O4/rGO纳米复合材料的H2O2无酶传感器

环境监测、食品工业、临床、制药等领域对过氧化氢(H_2O_2)的快速、准确检测有极大的需求,而电化学检测方法由于灵敏度高、响应快、检测限低等特点被认为是最理想的H_2O_2检测方法.本文利用电化学沉积的方法将Pd纳米颗粒沉积到四氧化三铁/石墨烯(Fe_3O_4/rGO)纳米复合材料修饰的玻碳电极表面,形成基于新型磁性纳米复合材料的H_2O_2无酶传感器;并采用循环伏安和计时安培电流等方法对修饰电极的电化学性能进行了表征.结果表明:制备的Pd/Fe_3O_4/r GO/GCE对H_2O_2的催化还原显示出较好的电催化活性,Pd纳米颗粒和Fe_3O_4/rGO在催化H_2O_2还原的过程中表现出了良好的协同作用.测定H_2O_2的线性范围为0.05~1 m M和1~2.6 m M两段,最低检测限达到3.918μM(S/N=3).并且该传感器具有较高的灵敏度和较好的重现性和抗干扰性,具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Crystal Structure of (H3O)6[(UO2)5(SeO4)8(H2O)5](H2O)5

Crystals of (H₃O)₆[(UO₂)₅(SeO₄)₈(H₂O)₅](H₂O)₅ were prepared from aqueous solutions by evaporation. The crystal structure [monoclinic system, space group P2₁/m, a = 13.835(2), b = 13.4374(16), c = 14.310(3) Å, β = 108.004(14)°, V = 2530.1(7) Å ³] was solved by the direct method and refined to R ₁ = 0.090 for 4409 reflections with |F _hkl ≥ 4σ|F _hkl |. The structure is based on [(UO₂)₅(SeO₄)₈(H₂O)₅]⁶⁻ layers arranged parallel to the (101) plane; these layers have a unique topological structure. The U(1)O₆(H₂O) and U(3)O₆(H₂O) linked through selenate groups form chains running along [ [`1]\bar 1 01] direction. The chains are combined in layers by U(2)O₆(H₂O) bipyramids. The layers are linked with each other by hydrogen bonds through the H₂O and H₃O⁺ groups located between the layers.     

H2S sensors based on SnO2 films: RGTO verses RF sputtering

Gas sensing characteristics of SnO₂ thin films prepared by RF sputtering have been investigated and compared to that of RGTO (Rheotaxially Grown and Thermally Oxidized) films. Both the sensor films exhibited a highly selective response towards H₂S with RF sputtered film showing better response characteristics. RF sputtered and RGTO films exhibited a maximum response of 54 and 15 towards 10 ppm of H₂S at an optimum operating temperature of 150 and 250 °C, respectively. Sputtered films exhibited a linear response in the wide concentration range from 500 ppb to 500 ppm while RGTO films were found to saturate for concentrations above 100 ppm. XPS investigations revealed that the RGTO films are more sub–stoichiometric or oxygen deficient than the sputtered films. Raman studies further indicates that the surface of sputtered and RGTO films are characterized by the presence of oxygen deficiency attributed to the “bridging-type” and deeper “in-plane/sub-bridging” oxygen vacancies, respectively. The improved response kinetics of the RF sputtered films is attributed to the presence of bridging type oxygen vacancies that facilitates the charge transfer between the sensor surface and H₂S molecules.