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以生料无光釉的正交试验设计为研究对象,讨论了不同设计因素选取方法对正交试验设计结果的影响。试验结果表明:采用以原料种类为正交设计因素时,会导致正交设计结果不理想;而以化学组成量为设计因素时,效果较好。 相似文献
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一、前言质量管理的重点之一在于控制波动。关于波动的研究方法有多种,正交试验设计方法是其中之一。在实验次数、计算精度和研究费用方面均以正交试验设计方法为最好。日本田口玄一教授创造了用“正交表”安排试验和分析试验结果。这就是正交试验设计。此方法在日本得到了广泛应用。1978年,我国开始推广全面质量管理理论与方法。正交表作为质量管理的工具也得以推广。在科研和生产过程中发挥了不可低估的作用。二、应用正交表的目的在科研和工业生产中,为了提高质量,降低消耗,需要不断地通过大量试验化‘卜一艺,寻求最佳设计方案。采… 相似文献
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火力发电厂水力冲灰系统管道结垢影响因素试验研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
以试验研究为基础,给出了影响火力发电厂水力冲灰系统管道结垢的各种因素,以正交试验方式判别各因素的影响程度,以单因素试验方式给出了主要影响因素的作用规律,其试验结果可作为冲灰系统结垢行为的数据基础,为冲灰系统结垢预测及防垢,除垢研究提供指导。 相似文献
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适合多因素多水平试验的均匀设计 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
1前言适合多因素多水平的实验设计,对多组分配方的试验设计也同样有用(如涂料配方等)较正交设计法实验次数少,同样可得到最佳工艺或最佳配方,并能通过回归分析建立定量关系。2均匀设计在试验设计中当因素较多时,常用正交试验法,对于各因素水平相等的试验,用正交表安排多因素试验,试验数目为rq2,(为自然数,q为水平数)。正交设计要求在试验范围内将试验点安排得“均匀分散,整齐可比”。例如安排一个9水平试验,则至少要92次试验,才能做到“均匀分散,整齐可比”。虽然正交设计的“整齐可比”性使试验结果的分析十分方便,易于… 相似文献
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尽管析因设计比单因素试验有许多优点,但由于多因素多水平的析因设计试点数目过多,一般很少采用。而多因素多水平的部分试验法,因其试点少而颇受欢迎。它主要用于交互作用不甚明显的场合,作为预先试验,是目前应用较多的一种正交试验方法。本文介绍的某黄铁矿浮选的预先试验就是多因素多水平部分试验的应用实例。其计算机程序比较简单,可供选矿实验时参考使用。一、正交试验根据某黄铁矿浮选的探索试验,确定采用L_(16)(4~5)正交表,按图所示的工艺条件安排四因素四水平的正交试验,其因素与水 相似文献
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介绍废热发电在硫酸装置中的重要作用与价值,论述硫酸装置废热发电自保运行的可行性。对于发电容量大于用电负荷的装置,当外电网断电时,废热发电机组可起到相对“独立”电源的作用,维持硫酸装置的正常生产;对于发电容量略小于用电负荷的装置,当外电网断电时,可通过调整工艺负荷实现装置的自保运行。由于废热发电系统的不稳定性和相对不可调节性,废热发电自保运行不应作为硫酸装置的主要供电方式,只有在电力供应相对紧张的地区才可适当采用。论述了硫酸废热发电自保运行在设计中需注意的几个问题。 相似文献
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Grazia Leonzio 《中国化学工程学报》2018,26(5):1179-1191
One of the ways to decrease the global primary energy consumption and the corresponding greenhouse gas emissions is the application of the combined cooling, heating and power generation technologies, known as trigeneration system. In this research an innovative trigeneration system, composed by an absorption heat pump, a mechanical compression heat pump, a steam plant, and a heat recovery plant is developed. The low temperature heat produced by absorption chiller is sent to a mechanical compression heat pump, that receives process water at low temperature from the heat recovery plant and bring it to higher temperatures. The trigeneration system is fed by biogas, a renewable energy. A design and a simulation of the system are developed by Chem Cad 6.3? software. The plant produces 925 kW of electrical energy, 2523 kW of thermal energy and 473 kW of cooling energy, by the combustion of 3280 kW of biogas. Primary energy rate(P.E.R.) is equal 1.04 and a sensitivity analysis is carried out to evaluate the effect of cooling capacity, produced electrical energy and process water temperature. The first has a negative effect, while other parameters have a positive effect on P.E.R. Compared to a cogeneration system, the trigeneration plant produces the 28% higher of power and the 40%lower of carbon dioxide emissions. An economic analysis shows that the plant is economically feasible only considering economic incentives obtained by the use of heat pumps and steam plant at high efficiency. Saving 6431 t·a~(-1) corresponding to 658000 EUR·a~(-1) of incentives, the plant has a net present value(N.P.V.) and a pay back period(P.B.P.) respectively equal to 371000 EUR and 4 year. Future works should optimize the process considering cost and energetic efficiency as the two objective functions. 相似文献
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微柱群结构能够增大有效传热面积并增强流动扰动,在航空航天、核电站、空调制冷等领域有广阔的应用前景。但是宏观流动传热机理在微尺度下不一定适用,在微尺度领域流动换热受更多因素影响。本文针对结构、纳米粒子以及不同重力水平对微柱群流动换热影响机理进行了综述,总结了国内外在这方面的研究成果。流线型微柱群结构具有较好的传热性能。文中指出微米或毫米级的粒子在液体中易沉降,堵塞微柱群通道,而纳米流体在微柱群通道压降小、纳米粒子不易沉淀且单位体积内的热导率更高,但纳米流体的物性只能在短时间内保持稳定不变。无论是常重力还是微重力下沸腾换热,微柱群结构都存在毛细吸引力,可及时向受热面供给液体并且提供稳定的气泡成核位点,有助于提高传热系数。本文提出临界热通量和气泡离开直径的变化规律是微重力下微柱群结构沸腾换热的研究重点。 相似文献
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开式吸收式热泵具有结构简单、低品位热能驱动、省电等优点,推广利用该技术,对解决目前面临的城市热源不足及提高工业能源利用效率具有重要意义,但运行中存在设备腐蚀、不凝性气体等问题。本文总结了国内外开式吸收式热泵的研究进展,其应用领域涉及供暖、空调、制冷及工业生产,处理气流包括空气、燃烧后烟气,驱动热源包括太阳能、生物质锅炉、天然气锅炉及电厂锅炉等集中热源和分布式能源,结构形式多样化;简述了开式吸收式热泵在工业余热,特别是天然气锅炉烟气余热和湿法脱硫电厂饱和烟气潜热和水回收领域中的应用;分析了运行中出现的溶液腐蚀、不凝气气体及设备堵塞问题,并提出了解决方案。 相似文献
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The paper compares the energy requirements of single and dual purpose MSF distillation with seawater reverse osmosis plant. Energy consumptions are given both as heat and power consumptions for distillation and as power consumption for R.O. To enable a true comparison to be made these inputs are referred back to the heat inputs from fuel needed at the boiler plant or appropriate thermal power plant.Energy recovery is also considered for reverse osmosis and it is shown that the energy input can be expected to decrease by some 35% for a typical example.Although the prime energy input needed for reverse osmosis is shown to be substantially lower than for dual purpose distillation, the overall costs taking account Of capital charges, energy, replacements and other operating costs, are found to be in a band width of about 5% for plants in the range of 5000 to 15000 m3/day. Reverse osmosis plant water costs are significantly less than distillation if membrane life increases from 3 years to 5 years, particularly with small plant capacities. 相似文献
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Development and testing of mercury control technologies have largely focused on coal-fired combustion systems, with less emphasis on advanced power systems. Mercury control is influenced by coal properties and chemistry, plant configuration, pollution control devices, flue gas conditions, and plant operations, which differ between combustion and gasification systems. Sorbents such as treated activated carbons have shown promising results in low-temperature environments; however, elevated temperature and reducing environments of many advanced systems remain challenging, requiring research and development to obtain acceptable mercury control levels. Concurrent pollutant/multipollutant control strategies that include CO2 control are critically needed for both conventional and advanced power systems. 相似文献
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In the work presented in this paper, an alternative process concept that can be applied as retrofitting option in coal-fired power plants for CO2 capture is examined. The proposed concept is based on the combination of two fundamental CO2 capture technologies, the partial oxyfuel mode in the furnace and the post-combustion solvent scrubbing. A 330 MWel Greek lignite-fired power plant and a typical 600 MWel hard coal plant have been examined for the process simulations. In a retrofit application of the ECO-Scrub technology, the existing power plant modifications are dominated by techno-economic restrictions regarding the boiler and the steam turbine islands. Heat integration from processes (air separation, CO2 compression and purification and the flue gas treatment) can result in reduced energy and efficiency penalties. In the context of this work, heat integration options are illustrated and main results from thermodynamic simulations dealing with the most important features of the power plant with CO2 capture are presented for both reference and retrofit case, providing a comparative view on the power plant net efficiency and energy consumptions for CO2 capture. The operational characteristics as well as the main figures and diagrams of the plant’s heat balances are included. 相似文献