基于动态水位流量关系的水动力洪水预报模型研究

鉴于下边界条件对水动力洪水预报模型精度的影响,采用提高下边界条件的质量来提高洪水预报精度,在考虑中下游地区洪水易受变动回水顶托影响的基础上,提出了动态处理水位流量关系下边界的方法,即利用最新信息,并采用分段线性拟合的方法动态拟合新的水位流量关系作为下一时刻的边界条件进行洪水预报,使模型边界具有一定的实时修正功能。在资水流域水动力洪水预报模型中的应用表明,该方法预报精度较高。     

实时修正在流域雨量站网规划中的应用

利用历史洪水已知的实测流量信息,将实时修正引入雨量站网规划中,在闽江七里街流域对1988~2001年的45场洪水采用误差自回归(AR)模型在模拟过程中进行实时修正。通过与没有实时修正情况下的雨量站网规划结果相比较,具有实时修正功能的精度较高的洪水预报方案对减少雨量站网密度有较满意的效果。     

基于集合卡尔曼滤波的实时校正技术在流域洪水预报中的应用

为提高金华江流域实时洪水预报精度，建立了耦合MIKE 11 NAM与MIKE 11 HD的流域洪水预报模型和基于集合卡尔曼滤波的实时校正模型，实现了金华江流域洪水预报实时校正。流域洪水预报模型对流域内主要站点的模拟效果较好，洪水流量和洪水水位模拟精度较高；实时校正模型在预见期10 h以内，校正效果随预见期增加而降低，在预见期前期可有效降低预报误差。整体上，建立的流域洪水预报模型和基于集合卡尔曼滤波的实时校正模型能够满足金华江流域洪水预报应用要求。     

乌溪江梯级水库洪水预报精度提高的方法

为提高乌溪江梯级水库洪水预报精度,对洪水预报精度的影响因素进行了分析,找出了提高洪水预报精度的方法,即增加自动测报雨量测站点数量、对流域小水电的开发情况进行详细调查并对有调蓄能力的小水电安装压力式水位计进行实时水情自动监测。经过2011、2012年的大洪水预报检验,雨量测站的增设更能反映流域降水实况,小水电的实际出流过程可对洪水初期的扣损进行调整、对中期进行流量修正,预报取得了良好的效果。     

综合约束线性系统模型及其实时校正方法的研究

本文根据概念性模型与黑箱子模型各自的优缺点,将二者结合起来构成了一个综合约束线性系统模型,并建立相应的实时校正模型,自动跟踪修正模型的预报误差,组成联机实时洪水预报系统。通过长江三峡风滩以上流域作实时洪水预报验证,取得了较好的精度。     

基于GBDT的实时洪水预报误差校正方法

洪水预报实时校正是提高预报精度的有效途径。通过研究实时洪水预报误差系列构建方法,引入GBDT方法建立误差校正模型,并采用粒子群算法优选模型参数,选用洪峰段洪量相对误差、洪峰流量相对误差、确定性系数等指标评估实时校正效果。对淮河流域王家坝站点的实例应用结果表明,无论是率定期还是验证期,基于GBDT的实时预报误差校正方法精度均优于经典AR方法和KNN方法,各项指标精度均有不同程度提升,可有效提高实时洪水预报效果,且稳定性较高。     

考虑人类活动影响的丰满水库洪水预报方案

在新安江三水源产流模型和纳西及地下线性水库汇流模型的基础上,提出了考虑水利工程和土地利用对产汇流机制影响的洪水预报方案,并引入参数优化和实时校正技术,丰满水库流域应用结果表明,文中所提方案要优于现有的预报方案能显著地提高洪水预报精度。     

递推最小二乘与误差自回归联合实时校正方法

在实时洪水预报中采用速推最小二乘法和误差自回归实时校正方法，提高了模型计算精度，实例验证应用效果良好。     

遥测降雨的抗差修正研究

分析了遥测降雨观测资料的分布特征，引入抗差估计理论修正遥测降雨资料中出现的异常值，提高实时洪水预报精度。根据实际应用中出现的问题进行了改进。对闽江七里街流域1988～1998年45场洪水的暴雨资料，用生成的误差系列比较了各种方法的修正效果和探测效率。改进后的三步抗差修正的优越性获得了较好的修正效果．均超过60％。     

基于误差自回归的洪水实时预报校正算法的研究

根据三水源新安江模型洪水预报误差信息，探讨了三种基于误差自回归模型的洪水实时预报校正算法，即固定遗忘因子的递推最小二乘算法，可变遗忘因子的递推最小二乘算法和辅助变量法，并将其应用于鲇鱼山水库的实时洪水预报。通过对三种实时校正方法进行分析比较，认为具有可变遗忘因子递推最小二乘算法效果最好。     

小型锅炉烟尘测试时锅炉出力的计算

锅炉烟尘测试时,必须对锅炉出力进行测试。但监测中,许多小型锅炉往往不具备相关的计量装置和仪表,为解决这一问题,文章提出了用烟气量和空气过剩系数来计算锅炉的出力的公式,在实际使用中,该方法简单易行,其结果和实测值具有很好的一致怀。     

Unerroric of control of mutual compliance of the efficiency of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles in the conditions of mass production

The issues related to the reliability of hydrogen engines of unmanned vehicles and increasing the efficiency of using hydrogen as fuel when using the method of its production during the decomposition of hydrogen-containing molecules of liquid-phase organic compounds in a plasma discharge under the action of intense ultrasonic exposure are considered. Experiments have shown that as a result of decomposition in the acoustoplasma discharge of liquid hydrocarbons, solid-phase carbon-containing products are formed, chemical transformations occur in the liquid phase and hydrogen-containing combustible gas is formed. Hydrogen-containing gas can be used as fuel immediately after synthesis, i.e. it does not require separation, since in addition to hydrogen it contains only impurities of CO₂ and water vapor. The purpose of the study is to formalize the basic conditions for tightening the control of mutual compliance with the efficiency of hydrogen engines of the same series in the conditions of their mass production. Methods of mathematical statistics and hardware-software modeling were used in the study. The term “unerroric of quality mutual compliance control” is introduced to describe a set of hardware and software tools for such control. The principle of in-depth testing of the technical condition of such engines of one series is described in a multidimensional formulation of the quality control problem for three of their operating parameters at once. The conditions for increasing the mutual correspondence of the measured values of such parameters in the conditions of serial production of hydrogen engines are formalized.     

中国煤炭地下气化技术的发展

本文综述了煤炭地下汽化技术的国内外发展现状,对我国“长通道、大断面”煤炭地下气化新工艺给予了技术经济评述,并提出了发展煤炭地下汽化技术的政策建议。     

Review of theory of distortion and disintegration of liquid streams

Linear and nonlinear analyses of the instabilities and distortion of liquid streams injected into a gaseous media are discussed. The various fundamental mechanisms and the predictive capabilities for the distortions are emphasized. Round jets, planar sheets, annular sheets, and conical sheets are discussed in detail. The balance between capillary and inertial forces is primarily examined. The method for simplifying the analyses in the case of thin liquid sheets is discussed. The capabilities for representing the droplet size distribution that follows the stream disintegration are outlined.     

机车车轮多轴疲劳强度安全评定的研究

使用ANSYS8.0软件对高速列车车轮进行了三维有限元分析,计算出车轮在直线、曲线和道岔条件下牵引、制动共6种工况时孔边薄弱部位的应力,分别通过Mises等效平均应力方法、Sines平均主应力方法和应力分量中考虑平均应力方法计算出应力在极值位置时的等效应力幅、等效平均应力,从而进一步算出车轮的安全系数,对其疲劳强度进行评定,并对3种方法进行了比较研究。     

Constructal optimization of the geometry of an array of micro-channels

This paper documents the geometric optimization of an array of circular and non-circular ducts. The optimization was carried out numerically using finite volume method. As optimal dimensions were independent of the array configuration, the numerical simulation was performed on a unit cell. Numerical optimization for circular, square and isosceles right triangle cross-sections of channels was performed. Based on the results of this investigation, some correlations were proposed to predict the optimal hydraulic diameter and dimensionless heat transfer per unit volume. In addition to examining the effect of pressure drop on these parameters, it was showed that among the different geometries of this study, square cross-section has the most efficiency for a given volume. The numerical results of the present study were compared with approximate results reported in the literature which a good agreement was observed.     

MgO膨胀剂细度对MgO水化和水泥浆体膨胀的影响

基于《水工混凝土掺用氧化镁技术规范》中的Ⅰ型氧化镁（MgO）,研究了该型MgO膨胀剂（MEA）细度对掺粉煤灰水泥浆体膨胀性能的影响。即采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)及同步热分析（TG DSC）分析了掺MEA水泥浆体中MgO的水化性。结果表明,养护温度相同时,MEA的细度对水泥浆体内MEA中MgO的水化和水泥浆体的膨胀无显著影响,产生的膨胀均能补偿水泥浆体的收缩;MEA的细度可从试验设计采用的45 μm筛筛余15%左右增加到30%左右,这将有利于MEA生产企业的节能降耗。     

固体热辐射Yong性能分析

本文对漫灰均温物体在常物性条件下对外辐射传热的Ｙｏｎｇ值计算建立了数学模型。通过与物体内能Ｙｏｎｇ公式的数值计算比较,得出了辐射能量的Ｙｏｎｇ值不大于内能Ｙｏｎｇ值的结论。从初步的热射Ｙｏｎｇ值计算公式发现。Ｙｏｎｇ与物体表面辐射率有关。     

Measurements of concentration distribution of hydrogen jet using deflection of center of the laser spot

The main purpose of this work is to propose a new method to evaluate the concentration distribution of the hydrogen jet by using a He–Ne laser through the jet. This research attempts to apply the expression of concentration Gaussian distribution, the refraction formula of inhomogeneous refractive index medium, and the concentration inversion function to disclose the displacement of the center of the laser spot at different heights in the gas jet. The spot images of the laser beam passing through the gas jet at three vertical heights z = 10d, 20d, 30d, and different radial positions are obtained. The radial spatial asymmetry of the gas jet is also found in the experiment. Finally, the calculated concentration distribution curve and the fluent simulation curve, it is found that the two results are very similar. Our findings show that the error between the concentration distribution of this method and the simulated concentration distribution reaches 2.43%.     

汽轮机零件防锈性能的改善

介绍了汽轮机零件的封存特点、防锈要求及防锈油性能对比试验的方法,通过对试验结果的对比分析,客观验证了各种防锈油的性能。试验表明,只有选择了合适的防锈油,才能保证汽轮机零件长期封存的质量。