三维针刺C/SiC复合材料显微结构演变分析

以三维针刺碳毡作为预制体,采用树脂浸渍-热解工艺制备C/C多孔体,然后采用反应熔体浸渍法(Reactive melt infiltration,RMI)对C/C多孔体分别浸渗Si和Si-Mo合金制备C/SiC复合材料。首先研究了C/C多孔体制备过程中的显微结构演变。结果表明,浸渍过程中树脂主要填充在纤维束内小孔隙中,热解后裂纹增多,生成网格状C/C亚结构单元;高温热处理使C/C复合材料裂纹进一步扩展,石墨化度提高,束内闭气孔打开,从而为RMI渗Si提供通道。然后对C/C多孔体分别渗Si和Si-Mo合金所得材料的物相组成和显微结构进行对比分析。发现纯Si浸渗得到的复合材料残余Si较多,束内纤维受损严重;而浸渗Si-Mo合金可以减少残余Si含量,束内纤维受损轻微,仍保持着完整的C/C亚结构单元。     

无压浸渗制备SiC_p/Al复合材料的微观组织及弯曲性能

利用无压浸渗法制备高体积分数的SiCp/Al复合材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对复合材料的相组成、微观组织及断口形貌进行分析,研究了基体合金成分对复合材料抗弯性能的影响。结果表明,以Al-10%Si-8%Mg合金为基体制备的复合材料组织均匀,致密度好,无明显气孔缺陷,界面反应产物为Mg2Si、MgAl2O4和Fe,且抗弯强度高于以Al-10%Si合金为基体制备的复合材料;复合材料整体上表现出脆性断裂的特征。     

Investigation of friction stir processing effect on AA 2014-T6

This study is concerned with the effects of process parameters such as speed, feed, tilt angle, and tool profile on mechanical and microstructural properties of stir processed, solution treated, and artificially aged AA 2014-T6. The process was carried out with an input condition at rotational and traverse feeds of 600–1400 RPM and 30–90 mm/min, respectively. Five distinct shapes of the tool pin such as triangular, hexagonal, threaded, conical, and cylindrical have been selected to carry out the process with varied tilt angle of 1°–3°. In order to exemplify the status of processed materials, optical, scanning electron microscopy and Vickers hardness measurement along with grain analysis were performed on various regions of processed cross sections. According to the results, combination of processing speed and rotational speed affects the microstructure and associated grain size and average hardness of the processed region.     

B_4C增强铝基复合材料力学性能有限元模拟

建立了颗粒增强铝基复合材料的轴对称单胞模型,并通过有限元方法模拟了B_4C颗粒增强5083铝基复合材料的力学性能和微观应力分布。结果表明,模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好,模拟椭球体颗粒增强复合材料的抗拉强度为485 MPa,而实验值为477 MPa,相对误差仅为1.7%。颗粒形状对复合材料微观应力场有很大影响:圆柱体颗粒的尖角处容易造成应力集中,而球体颗粒界面处应力分布较为均匀。在一定范围内,复合材料的弹性模量和抗拉强度随着B_4C颗粒体积分数的增加而增加。在颗粒体积分数不变的情况下,不同长径比的颗粒沿复合材料受力方向定向排列时,颗粒的长径比越大,复合材料的弹性模量、强度等力学性能也越高。     

Effects of pyrolysis processes on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Cf/SiC composites using polycarbosilane

Three-dimensional braided carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide composites (3D-B C_f/SiC) were prepared through eight cycles of vacuum infiltration of polycarbosilane (PCS) and subsequent pyrolysis under an inert atmosphere. The influences of heating rate and pyrolysis temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of C_f/SiC were discussed. It was found that the heating rate had great effect on the mechanical properties of C_f/SiC composites. With the increase of heating rate, the density of C_f/SiC composites increased and the interfacial bonding was weakened. As a result, the flexural strength of C_f/SiC was enhanced from 145 to 480 MPa when the heating rate was increased from 0.5 to 15 °C/min. The results showed that the flexural strength of the C_f/SiC composites fabricated at a heating rate of 15 °C/min could be increased from 480 to 557 MPa if the pyrolysis temperature of the sixth cycle was elevated from 1200 to 1600 °C, which was also attributed to the desirable interfacial structure and increased density. When tested at 1300 °C in vacuum, the C_f/SiC showed higher flexural strength (680 MPa) than that (557 MPa) at room temperature.     

多重结构Ti-B4C/Al2024复合材料的组织和力学性能

为了研究多重结构对铝基复合材料力学性能的影响,将气雾化态Al2024合金粉末与球磨不同时间的Ti-10%(质量分数,下同)B_4C复合粉末混合,采用热压烧结和热挤压的方法制备多重结构Ti-B_4C/Al2024复合材料。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和拉伸试验机对不同材料的显微组织与力学性能进行观察和测试,并对多重结构复合材料的强韧化行为进行讨论。结果表明:Ti-B_4C/Al2024复合材料多重结构包括基体Al2024、核壳结构Ti/Al₁₈Ti_2Mg_3组织和B_4C颗粒。向Al2024中加入5%预先球磨6h后的Ti-B_4C粉末时,其屈服强度从107MPa提高到122MPa,并且表现出与热挤压Al2024合金几乎相同的伸长率。当球磨时间延长至12h时,试样5TB-12h的伸长率可达到16.4%。然而,复合材料的伸长率随着Ti-B_4C添加量的增加而降低。     

不同界面SiC纤维束复合材料的拉伸力学行为

利用国产三代SiC纤维通过化学气相渗透工艺(CVI)制备不同界面厚度和基体体积分数的SiC纤维束复合材料,并对其拉伸力学行为进行研究;同时,通过有限元方法研究界面厚度和基体体积分数对SiC纤维束复合材料热残余应力的影响。有限元分析结果表明:该纤维束复合材料的界面存在较为明显的径向和环向热残余应力,而且这两种应力均随着界面厚度增加而减小,随着基体体积分数的增加而增加。拉伸实验结果表明:随着界面厚度增加SiC纤维束复合材料的拉伸强度有增大趋势,且纤维拔出长度也相应增加;但在界面厚度相同的情况下,过高的基体体积分数将导致复合材料拉伸强度和韧性下降。     

聚酰亚胺/SiO_2杂化膜的微观结构与力学性能

以聚酰亚胺(HQDDA-0DA)为基体,正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为增强剂,在共溶DMF中,通过溶胶-凝胶法,制备出厚度约为20μm,不同含量SiO2的PI/SiO2杂化膜,用Fr-IR、SEM及万能拉力实验机对膜材料的微观结构和力学性能表征.结果表明,杂化膜中Si-OH和PI存在化学键;10%SiO2含量的杂化膜SiO2颗粒呈卵形镶嵌在PI基体中,取向与膜平行,随着SiO2含量的增加,颗粒尺寸增大,30%SiO2含量的杂化膜中,无机相形成部分的连续结构,并出现团聚;10%SiO2含量的杂化膜强度和模量均为最大,随着SiO2含量的进一步增加的膜的强度与模量均下降.     

Microstructure and tensile properties of friction welded aluminum alloy AA7075-T6

Solid-state welding processes like friction welding and friction stir welding are now being actively considered for welding aluminum alloy AA7075. In this work, friction welding of AA7075-T6 rods of 13 mm diameter was investigated with an aim to understand the effects of process parameters on weld microstructure and tensile properties. Welds made with various process parameter combinations (incorporating Taguchi methods) were subjected to tensile tests. Microstructural studies and hardness tests were also conducted. The results show that sound joints in AA7075-T6 can be achieved using friction welding, with a joint efficiency of 89% in as-welded condition with careful selection of process parameters. The effects of process parameters are discussed in detail based on microstructural observations.     

6082-T6铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头的显微组织与力学性能

对8mm厚的6082-T6铝合金进行了搅拌摩擦焊接试验,焊后对工艺参数与接头显微组织及力学性能的关系进行了分析。结果表明：焊核区显微组织为细小等轴晶组织。分析焊接速度对接头抗拉强度的影响得出规律：随着焊接速度的增大,接头强度增大,但焊接速度达到一定值时,接头性能达到最高值,之后随着焊接速度变大,接头就会出现缺陷,影响接头的性能。     

Normal and oblique impact of small arms bullets on AA6082-T4 aluminium protective plates

Normal and oblique impact on 20 mm thick AA6082-T4 aluminium plates are studied both experimentally and numerically. Two types of small arms bullets were used in the ballistic tests, namely the 7.62 × 63 mm NATO Ball (with a soft lead core) and the 7.62 × 63 mm APM2 (with a hard steel core), fired from a long smooth-bore Mauser rifle. The targets were struck at 0°, 15°, 30°, 45° and 60° obliquity, and the impact velocity was about 830 m/s in all tests. During testing, the initial and residual bullet velocities were measured by various laser-based optical devices, and high-speed video cameras were used to photograph the penetration process. Of special interest is the critical oblique angle at which the penetration process changes from perforation to embedment or ricochet. The results show that the critical oblique angle was less than 60° for both bullet types. A material test programme was also conducted for the AA6082-T4 plate to calibrate a modified Johnson-Cook constitutive relation and the Cockcroft-Latham failure criterion, while material data for the bullets mainly were taken from the literature. 3D non-linear FE simulations with detailed models of the bullets were finally run. Good agreement between the FE simulations and the experimental results for the APM2 bullets was in general obtained, while it was more difficult to get reliable FE results for the soft core Ball bullets.     

二维C/SiC复合材料准静态和动态拉伸力学性能

采用分离式Hopkinson拉杆装置和电子万能试验机研究了二维C/SiC复合材料在4种应变率（0.001、0.010、90.000和350.000 s-1）下的拉伸力学性能,计算并验证了动态试验中的应力平衡状态;采用SEM分析了复合材料在不同应变率下的破坏断口和失效机制;建立了复合材料包含损伤和应变率相关的本构方程。结果表明:二维C/SiC复合材料的应力-应变曲线都表现出非线性的特征。随着应变率的增加,二维C/SiC复合材料的拉伸强度从204 MPa增加到270 MPa,增加了33%,这表明复合材料的拉伸强度具有较强的应变率敏感性。复合材料在准静态和动态加载下表现出不同的破坏模式是由材料内部界面行为的应变率效应造成的。      

短纤维增强C/C-SiC复合材料的微观结构与力学性能EI北大核心CSCD

综合原料的热物理性能分析和配比设计,实现了C/C复合材料载体孔隙体积的精细控制,采用热压-熔渗两步法在低温条件下制备了具有高致密、低残余Si含量特征的短碳纤维增强C/C-SiC复合材料。系统解析了C/C-SiC复合材料成型过程中的结构演变行为,研究了短纤维增强C/C-SiC复合材料的力学性能和失效机制。结果表明:多孔C/C复合材料载体孔隙的孔径呈双极分布特征,添加芳纶纤维可提高网络孔隙结构的连通性,具有显著的孔隙结构调控作用。SiC基体以网络骨架形态分布于C/C-SiC复合材料内部,与纤维束形成了强界面结合钉扎结构,高含量纤维协同作用下使C/C-SiC复合材料具有优异的综合力学性能,添加芳纶纤维可明显增加复合材料内部裂纹扩展路径,提高C/C-SiC复合材料的断裂韧性。碳纤维的面内各向同性分布及陶瓷相层间均匀分布对C/C-SiC复合材料承载、摩擦稳定性提升均具有积极作用。     

Microstructural Study and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Friction Stir Welded AA5083-H111 and AA6082-T6 Reinforced with SiC Nanoparticles

Dissimilar friction stir welds were produced in 3 mm thick plates of AA6082-T6 and AA5083-H111 aluminum alloys using SiC as reinforcing material. The optimum weld presents a good distribution of nanoparticles in the weld nugget and mechanical mixing of the two alloys as well as further grain refinement compared to the one without nanoparticles. Higher hardness in the weld nugget is also evidenced, followed by enhanced ultimate tensile strength and elongation values. All specimens, after the tensile test, were lead to fracture at the heat affected zone of AA6082-T6 and specifically at the region of the lowest hardness.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of hot extruded 6016 aluminum alloy/graphite composites

The incorporation of graphite particles into AA6016 aluminum alloy matrix to fabricate metal/ceramic composites is still a great challenge and various parameters should be considered. In this study, dense AA6016 aluminum alloy/(0-20 wt%) graphite composites have successfully been fabricated by powder metallurgy process. At first, the mixed aluminum and graphite powders were cold compacted at 200 MPa and then sintered at 500 ℃ for 1 h followed by hot extrusion at 450 ℃. The influence of ceramic phases(free graphite and in-situ formed carbides) on microstructure, physical and mechanical properties of the produced composites were finally investigated. The results show that the fabricated composites have a relative density of over 98%. SEM observations indicate that the graphite has a good dispersion in the alloy matrix even at high graphite content. Hardness of all the produced composites was higher than that of aluminum alloy matrix. No cracks were observed at strain less than 23% for all hot extruded materials.Compressive strength, reduction in height, ultimate tensile stress, fracture stress, yield stress, and fracture strain of all Al/graphite composites were determined by high precision second order equations. Both compressive and ultimate tensile strengths have been correlated to microstructure constituents with focusing on the in-situ formed ceramic phases, silicon carbide(SiC) and aluminum carbide(Al_4 C_3). The ductile fracture mode of the produced composites became less dominant with increasing free graphite content and in-situ formed carbides. Wear resistance of Al/graphite composites was increased with increasing graphite content. Aluminum/20 wt% graphite composite exhibited superior wear resistance over that of AA6016 aluminum alloy.     

Effect of friction stir welding process parameters on the tensile strength of dissimilar aluminum alloy AA2024-T3 and AA7075-T6 joints

This work investigates the influence of friction stir welding parameters on the mechanical properties of the dissimilar joint between AA2024-T3 and AA7075-T6. Experiments are conducted consistent with the three-level face-centered composite design. Response surface methodology is used to develop the regression model for predicting the tensile strength of the joints. The analysis of variance technique is used to access the adequacy of the developed model. The model is used to study the effect of key operating process parameters namely, tool rotation speed, welding speed and shoulder diameter on the tensile strength of the joints. The results indicate that friction stir welding of aluminum alloys at a tool rotation speed of 1050 min⁻¹, welding speed of 40 mm/min and a shoulder diameter of 17.5 mm would produce defect less joint with high tensile strength.     

原位自生TiB2颗粒增强2024-T4铝基复合材料断裂行为数值模拟

利用SEM结合原位观测技术观察了颗粒体积分数为4.17%的原位自生TiB₂颗粒增强2024-T4铝基复合材料（TiB₂/2024-T4）的损伤断裂行为。试验结果表明,TiB₂颗粒偏聚带中的铝合金基体比颗粒稀疏区域中的铝合金基体率先发生断裂。根据这一试验现象建立了三种含随机颗粒偏聚带的二维体胞有限元模型,并施加拉伸载荷和周期性边界条件,推导了平面应力状态下的径向返回算法,结合Rice-Tracey局部失效准则模拟了颗粒偏聚带中微裂纹的萌生及扩展过程。数值分析结果表明：就单个颗粒来说,颗粒两极附近基体损伤最严重。颗粒偏聚导致损伤在颗粒附近基体中迅速累积,并发展成为基体微裂纹,且随着颗粒偏聚程度加剧,材料断裂应变下降。另外,体胞模型应力-应变曲线的非线性部分低于实测曲线,说明除了本文模型反映的载荷传递强化机制外,还需要进一步考虑颗粒对基体的间接强化机制。     

Effect of friction stir welding on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AA 6063-T6 aluminum alloy

In this study, AA 6063-T6 alloy plates were joined via friction stir welding using three different pin geometries (i. e., helical threaded, pentagonal and triangular) under various process parameters of tool rotational speed and welding speed. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the various welded joints were investigated. Macro-structural observations revealed that kissing bonds occurred in the welded joints due to fractured oxide layers. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the stir zones of the welded joints exhibited phases of Al₈Fe₂Si, Al₅FeSi, and Mg₂Si. In the welded joints, processed using a helical threaded pin, no tunnel-type defect was detected to occur; specimens were fractured outside of the joint region during tensile tests, indicating that the kissing bonds formed in the stir zones did not cause any deterioration in tensile strength or ductility. The welded joints processed using a helical threaded, pentagonal and triangular pin at 500 min⁻¹ tool rotational speed and 80 mm min⁻¹ welding speed exhibited a ductile deformation behavior along with a tensile strength in the range of 153 MPa to 155 MPa.     

SiCP/AZ91复合材料的显微组织、力学性能及强化机制

通过搅拌铸造工艺制备出SiC_P体积分数分别为2%、5%、10%和15%的4种5 μm SiC_P/镁合金（AZ91）复合材料。对5 μm SiC_P/AZ91进行了固溶、锻造和热挤压。通过与AZ91对比,研究了SiC_P对AZ91基体热变形后显微组织和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明：SiC_P/AZ91热变形后的晶粒尺寸取决于SiC_P的体积分数。SiC_P的体积分数由0%增加到10%时,SiC_P/AZ91热变形后的平均晶粒尺寸减小;当SiC_P颗粒继续增加到体积分数为15%时,平均晶粒尺寸反而增大。SiC_P的加入能显著提高AZ91的屈服强度和弹性模量,并随颗粒体积分数的增加而增大。SiC_P对AZ91基体的强化作用主要源于位错强化、细晶强化和载荷传递作用,其中,细晶强化对屈服强度的贡献最大。     

不同应力水平下SiCf/SiC复合材料的损伤行为和机制研究

为提高对SiC_f/SiC复合材料在服役中失效机制的理解以及更合理地设计该类材料,通过声发射探测结合两种力学加载实验对该材料的损伤过程进行了评估与分析,并利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜等手段对其损伤状态的演变进行了详细的表征和总结。实验结果表明,声发射技术可有效评估SiC_f/SiC复合材料的损伤程度,并用以分析特定加载应力水平下的损伤发展。研究表明:裂纹在较低的加载应力下(80 MPa)易在材料的原生缺陷附近或多种组分的边界处萌生,但对材料自身强度影响较小;较高的加载应力(≥100 MPa)则会使材料产生大尺度开裂,并与纤维发生相互作用进而降低材料的稳定性。SiC_f/SiC复合材料在递增的加载应力下会产生5种开裂形式以及纤维的断裂拔出和界面的脱粘等损伤行为。