共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Karen M. Bewig Andrew D. Clarke Craig Roberts Nan Unklesbay 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1994,71(2):195-200
Discriminant analysis of four vegetable oil types (cotton-seed, peanut, soybean and canola) was performed by near-infrared
reflectance spectroscopy. The objective of this study was to provide an alternate method to differentiate vegetable oil types
and to classify unknown oil samples. Second derivative spectra of the vegetable oils were subjected to discriminate analysis
with Mahalanobis distances principles. A four-wavelength (1704, 1802, 1816 and 2110 nm) equation was derived, which produced
a sum of inverse squared distance of 0.0548. Although all four groups were successfully separated with a chi square of 18.9,
the soybean oil group is more dispersed in space than the other three groups. Iodine values of the soybean oil samples suggest
that this group may have a wide range of hydrogenation states. Discriminant analysis can be successfully used to differentiate
vegetable oil types and possibly could also be used to differentiate degree of hydrogenation and oxidative states of oils. 相似文献
2.
The main biochemical function of the tocopherols is believed to be the protection of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) against
peroxidation. A critical question that must be asked in reference to this is whether there is a biochemical link between the
tocopherol levels and the degree of unsaturation in vegetable oils, the main source of dietary PUFA and vitamin E. We used
a mathematical approach in an effort to highlight some facts that might help address this question. Literature data on the
relative composition of fatty acids (16:0, 16:1, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, and 18:3) and the contents of tocopherols (α-, β-, δ-,
and γ-tocopherol) in 101 oil samples, including 14 different botanical species, were analyzed by principal-component analysis
and linear regression. There was a negative correlation between α- and γ-tocopherols (r=0.633, P<0.05). Results also showed a positive correlation between linoleic acid (18:2) and α-tocopherol (r=0.549, P<0.05) and suggested a positive correlation between linolenic acid (18:3) and γ-tocopherol. 相似文献
3.
Density estimation for fatty acids and vegetable oils based on their fatty acid composition 总被引:7,自引:5,他引:2
J. D. Halvorsen W. C. Mammel Jr. L. D. Clements 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1993,70(9):875-880
The liquid density of fatty acids can be accurately estimated by the modified Rackett equation over a wide range of temperatures.
The modified Rackett equation requires the critical properties and an empirical parameter,Z
RA
, for each acid as the basis for computing density as a function of temperature. The liquid density of vegetable oils can
be estimated by using mixture properties corresponding to the fatty acid composition and a correction for the triglyceride
form. The density prediction is explicitly temperature-dependent. 相似文献
4.
Density and viscosity of vegetable oils 总被引:6,自引:5,他引:1
C. M. Rodenbush F. H. Hsieh D. S. Viswanath 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1999,76(12):1415-1419
A generalized method was developed to estimate the liquid density of vegetable oils and fatty acids. The correlation for vegetable
oils was based on fatty acid critical properties and composition of the oil. The correlations predicted the density of vegetable
oils and fatty acids with an average absolute deviation of 0.21 and 0.77%, respectively. The present method is slightly more
accurate in predicting vegetable oil density and simpler than the method of Halvorsen et al. Also, a method is introduced that predicts viscosity from density data, thus relating two key properties of vegetable oils. 相似文献
5.
Gülgün Yildiz Randy L. Wehling Susan L. Cuppett 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2001,78(5):495-502
Use of near-infrared (NIR) transmittance spectroscopy for rapid determination of the oxidation level in soybean oils (SBO)
was investigated, and calibrations were developed for quantitative determination of peroxide value (PV), conjugated diene
value (CD), and anisidine value (AV) of SBO. Partial least squares (PLS) regression and forward stepwise multiple linear regression
were used to develop calibration models from spectral data in log 1/T, first derivative and second derivative of log 1/T formats for both 1- and 2-mm path lengths. The models were validated by comparing NIR results from independent sample sets
to the values obtained by official methods. The spectral region from 1100 to 2200 nm was best for measuring oxidation when
using a 2-mm path length. PLS regression using first-derivative spectra gave the best results for PV. For the validation sets,
linear relationships were obtained for PV (r=0.99), and CD (r=0.95), compared with accepted reference procedures. However, measurement of AV by NIR was less successful than measurement
of the other two indices of oxidation, especially for an external validation sample set. Results obtained in this study indicate
that NIR spectroscopy is a useful technique for measuring oxidation in soybean oil. 相似文献
6.
Gozde Gurdeniz Banu Ozen Figen Tokatli 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2010,112(2):218-226
The composition of olive oils may vary depending on environmental and technological factors. Fatty acid profiles and Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy data in combination with chemometric methods were used to classify extra‐virgin olive oils according to geographical origin and harvest year. Oils were obtained from 30 different areas of northern and southern parts of the Aegean Region of Turkey for two consecutive harvest years. Fatty acid composition data analyzed with principal component analysis was more successful in distinguishing northern olive oil samples from southern samples compared to spectral data. Both methods have the ability to differentiate olive oil samples with respect to harvest year. Partial least squares (PLS) analysis was also applied to detect a correlation between fatty acid profile and spectral data. Correlation coefficients (R2) of a calibration set for stearic, oleic, linoleic, arachidic and linolenic acids were determined as 0.83, 0.97, 0.97, 0.83 and 0.69, respectively. Fatty acid profiles were very effective in classification of oils with respect to geographic origin and harvest year. On the other hand, FT‐IR spectra in combination with PLS could be a useful and rapid tool for the determination of some of the fatty acids of olive oils. 相似文献
7.
8.
M. E. S. Mirghani Y. B. Che Man S. Jinap B. S. Baharin J. Bakar 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2002,79(2):111-116
A new analytical method was developed for the determination of soap in palm and groundnut oils by FTIR spectroscopy. Soap
from 0 to 80 mg/kg oil was produced in situ in the oils by adding sodium hydroxide. The FTIR spectroscopy was with a sodium chloride transmission cell, and the partial
least-squares statistical method was used to calibrate a model for each oil. The accuracy of the method was comparable to
that of AOCS Method Cc17-95, with coefficients of determination (R
2) of 0.98 and 0.98 for both palm and groundnut oils. The standard errors of calibration were 1.84 and 1.36 for the two oils,
respectively. The calibration models were cross-validated, and the R
2 of cross-validation and standard errors of cross validation were computed. The standard deviation of the difference for repeatability
of the FTIR method was better than that for the chemical method used for determining soap in palm and groundnut oils. With
its speed and ease of data manipulation by computer software, FTIR spectroscopy is a possible alternative to the standard
wet chemical methods for rapid (2 min) and accurate routine determination of soap in chemically refined vegetable oils. 相似文献
9.
Viscosity estimation of triacylglycerols and of some vegetable oils, based on their triacylglycerol composition 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M. Noor Azian A. A. Mustafa Kamal F. Panau W. K. Ten 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2001,78(10):1001-1005
The experimentally determined kinematic viscosities of simple triacylglycerols [trilaurin, trimyristin (MMM), tripalmitin (PPP), tristearin (SSS), triolein (OOO), and trilinolein (LiLiLi) were correlated to a modified Andrade-type equation. The constants for the modified equation were derived for each simple triacylglycerol. The method was also used to estimate the viscosity of mixed triacylglycerols [1,2-dimyristoyl-3-palmitoyl (MMP), 1,2-dioleoyl-3-palmitoyl (OOP), 1,2-dimyristoyl-3-oleoyl (MMO), and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-3-oleoyl (PPO)], binary triacylglycerol mixtures (PPO/OOP, PPP/SSS, and OOO/SSS of different portions), and three types of vegetable oils [refined, bleached, and deodorized palm oil; cocoa butter; and canola oil] by applying modified Kay’s rule utilizing the simple triacylglycerol constants derived earlier. In all cases, the estimated values for liquid viscosity were compared with experimental values determined in this work and with previous work from the literature. When applied to vegetable oils, the method requires knowledge of their triacylglycerol composition. Despite its simplicity, the method gives a reasonable estimate. The method may be used to predict the viscosity of different blends of vegetable oils, and the accuracy is expected to increase when more experimental data on simple triacylglycerols become available. 相似文献
10.
A series of polyurethanes from polyols derived from soybean, corn, safflower, sunflower, peanut, olive, canola, and castor oil were prepared, and their thermal stability in air and nitrogen assessed by thermogravimetric analysis, FTIR, and GC/MS. Oil‐based polyurethanes generally had better initial thermal stability (below 10% weight loss) in air than the polypropylene oxide‐based polyurethane, while the latter was more stable in nitrogen at the initial stage of degradation. If weight loss at a higher conversion is taken as the criterion of stability, then oil polyurethanes have better thermal stability both in air and in nitrogen. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 1723–1734, 2000 相似文献
11.
The gas-chromatographic determination of partial glycerides of sunflower (both high- and low-oleic acid varieties), peanut
and extra virgin olive oil was studied with a polar capillary column characterized by its high thermal stability. This column
allows for the determination of single diacylglycerols separated as a function of the position occupied by the individual
fatty acids on the glycerin backbone as well as by the degree of unsaturation of the fatty acids. 相似文献
12.
13.
I. J. Wesley R. J. Barnes A. E. J. McGill 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1995,72(3):289-292
Authentication of olive oils is of great importance, not only because they command a high price but also because of the health
implications of adulteration with seed oils. A method for predicting the level of adulteration in a set of virgin and extra-virgin
olive oils adulterated with corn oil, sunflower oil, and raw olive residue oil by near-infrared spectroscopy is presented.
The best result was a correct prediction for 98% of the samples. Principal component analysis was used to predict the type
of adulterant. The best result was a 75% prediction rate. From these results, it is concluded that it is possible to design
a quality control system, which uses near-infrared technology to measure the level of adulteration. In the case where the
only test is whether the sample is adulterated or not, a simple calibration for adulteration can be used. The results suggest
that principal component analysis may offer a means of identifying the adulterant, although more work is required to give
an acceptable level of accuracy. 相似文献
14.
Mohamed M. Soumanou Uwe T. Bornscheuer 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2003,105(11):656-660
Fatty acid alkyl esters were produced from various vegetable oils by transesterification with different alcohols using immobilized lipases. Using n‐hexane as organic solvent, all immobilized lipases tested were found to be active during methanolysis. Highest conversion (97%) was observed with Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase after 24 h. In contrast, this lipase was almost inactive in a solvent‐free reaction medium using methanol or 2‐propanol as alcohol substrates. This could be overcome by a three‐step addition of methanol, which works efficiently for a range of vegetable oils (e.g. cottonseed, peanut, sunflower, palm olein, coconut and palm kernel) using immobilized lipases from Pseudomonas fluorescens (AK lipase) and Rhizomucor miehei (RM lipase). Repeated batch reactions showed that Rhizomucor miehei lipase was very stable over 120 h. AK and RM lipases also showed acceptable conversion levels for cottonseed oil with ethanol, 1‐propanol, 1‐butanol and isobutanol (50‐65% conversion after 24 h) in solvent‐free conditions. Methyl and isopropyl fatty acid esters obtained by enzymatic alcoholysis of natural vegetable oils can find application in biodiesel fuels and cosmetics industry, respectively. 相似文献
15.
I. J. Wesley F. Pacheco A. E. J. McGill 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1996,73(4):515-518
The application of discriminant analysis for identifying and quantifying adulterants in extra virgin olive oils is presented.
Three adulterants were used (sunflower oil, rapessed oil, and soybean oil) and were present in the range 5–95%. Near-infrared
spectroscopy and principal components analysis were used to develop a discriminant analysis equation that could identify correctly
the type of seed oil present in extra virgin olive oil in 90% of cases. Partial least squares analysis was used to develop
a calibration equation that could predict the level of adulteration. Cross validation suggested that it was possible to measure
the level of adulteration to an accuracy of ±0.9%. External validation of the derived calibation equation gave a standard
error of performance of ±2.77%. 相似文献
16.
Hui Li F. R. van de Voort A. A. Ismail J. Sedman R. Cox 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2000,77(10):1061-1067
A generalized partial-least-squares calibration for determination of the trans content of edible fats and oils by Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy using 8-mm disposable glass vials
for sample handling and measurement was developed. The trans contents of a broad range of oils were determined using the American Oil Chemists' Society single-bounce horizontal attenuated
total reflectance (SB-HATR) mid-infrared spectroscopic procedure, these trans reference data were used in the development of the generalized FT-NIR calibration. Additional refined and product-specific
calibrations were also developed, and all the calibrations were assessed for their predictive capabilities using two sets
of validation samples, one comprising a broad range of oil types and the other restricted to oils with specific characteristics.
The FT-NIR trans predictions obtained using the generalized calibration were in good agreement with the SB-HATR results; the values were accurate
and reproducible to within ±1.1 and ±0.5% trans, respectively, compared to a reproducibility of ±0.40% trans obtained for the SB-HATR method. The accuracy of the predictions
obtained from the generalized FT-NIR calibration for particular oil types was not significantly improved by supplementing
the base training set with samples of these specific types. Calibrating only these oil types did, however, produce a substantial
improvement in predictive accuracy, aproaching that of the SB-HATR method. These product specific calibrations produced serious
predictive errors when nonrepresentative samples were analyzed. The incorporation of a supplementary discriminate analysis
routine was found to be a powerful safeguard in flagging nonrepresentative samples as outliers and could also be used to select
the calibration most appropriate for the characteristics of the sample being analyzed. Overall, it was concluded that FT-NIR
spectroscopy provides a viable alternative to the SB-HATR/mid-Fourier transform infrared method for trans determination, making use of more industrially robust instrumentation and equipped with a simpler sample handling system. 相似文献
17.
Shu‐Guo Li Hui Zhang Wen‐Tong Xue 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》2007,109(11):1088-1094
The voltammetric behavior of naphthoquinone in the presence of free fatty acids (FFA) at the polypyrrole (PPy)‐modified electrode was investigated in an ethanol/1,2‐dichloroethane (3 : 1) solution containing 0.1 M LiClO4. A well‐defined new reduction peak appeared at a more positive potential and was higher than that obtained at the bare Pt electrode. Based on the fact that the new reduction peak current showed a good correlation with the concentration of fatty acids, an electroanalytical method for the acid value (AV) of vegetable oils was developed using the PPy‐modified electrode in linear potential sweep voltammetry. The experimental parameters were optimized to obtain a sensitive voltammetric response in this work. A linear calibration graph was obtained in the concentration range of 5.0×10–6–6×10–3 M for FFA (R = 0.993), with a sensitivity of 2.41×10–2 A L/mol and a detection limit of 1.2×10–6 M (S/N = 3). Each assay of vegetable oil sample took about 80 s. The developed method is applied to the AV determination of six commercial vegetable oils. The results well agreed with those obtained by the titration method. Compared to the conventional titration method, the proposed method is superior in sensitivity and accuracy and requires a small amount of vegetable oil sample, with no pretreatment. 相似文献
18.
Brajendra K. Sharma Atanu Adhvaryu Zengshe Liu Sevim Z. Erhan 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2006,83(2):129-136
Owing to the unfavorable impact on the environment of mineral oil-based lubricants, there has been a steady increase in the
demand for biodegradable, environment-friendly lubricants. However, development of a biodegradable base fluid that could replace
or partially substitute conventional mineral oil is a big challenge. Vegetable oils are recognized as rapidly biodegradable
and are thus promising candidates as base fluids in environment-friendly lubricants. Vegetble oils have excellent lubricity,
but poor oxidation and low-temeprature stability. This paper presents a series of structural modifications of vegetable oils
using anhydrides of different chain lengths. The reaction was monitored and products were confirmed by NMR, FTIR, gel permeation
chromatography, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Experimental conditions were optimized for research quantity and for
laboratory scale-up (up to 4 lb=1.8 kg). The thermo-oxidation stability of these new lubricant base fluids was tested using
pressure differential scanning calorimetry and TGA. The chemically modified base fluids exhibit superior oxidation stability
in comparison with unmodified vegetable oils. These base fluids in combination with suitable additives exhibit equivalent
oxidation stability compared with mineral oil-based formulations. 相似文献
19.
Predicting temperature-dependence viscosity of vegetable oils from fatty acid composition 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
O. O. Fasina H. Hallman M. Craig-Schmidt C. Clements 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2006,83(10):899-903
The viscosities of 12 vegetable oils were experimentally determined as a function of temperature (5 to 95°C) by means of a
temperature-controlled rheometer. Viscosities of the oil samples decreased exponentially with temperature. Of the three models
[modified Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF), power law and Arrhenius] that were used to describe the effects of temperature on viscosity,
the modified WLF model gave the best fit. The amounts of monounsaturated FA or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) highly correlated
(R
2>0.82) with the viscosities of the oil samples whereas and the amounts of saturated or unsaturated FA. An exponential equation
was therefore used to relate the viscosity of these vegetable oil samples to the amounts of monounsaturated FA or PUFA. The
models developed are valuable for designing or evaluating systems and equipment that are involved in the storage, handling,
and processing of vegetable oils. 相似文献
20.
采用电化学合成法对植物油进行环氧化合物的合成。通过L_(18)(3~7)正交试验讨论了蓖麻油电化学环氧化的制备工艺条件。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)和热重分析(TG)对植物油及相应环氧化合物的结构进行了表征。实验所得优化工艺条件为:反应时间为4 h,p H=6.5,反应温度为30℃,通氧速率为3 cm~3/s,电流密度为0.3 A/cm~2,蓖麻油双键与HCOOH的摩尔比为8,催化剂(0.1 mol/L盐酸)用量为0.3 m L(相对于40 g蓖麻油),在此条件下所得环氧化蓖麻油相对环氧产率达53.7%。FT-IR分析表明,电化学反应后植物油中-C=C-消失,出现了含有-C-O-C-的新物质;TG分析表明,在一定条件下,-C-O-C-的热稳定性较-C=C-强。这表明植物油电化学法合成环氧化合物是可行的。此外,对大豆油、玉米油和花生油这3种植物油做了同样的验证。 相似文献