不同组配P91钢焊接接头断裂性能分析

作为马氏体耐热钢，P91钢具有很强的抗氧化和抗高温蒸汽腐蚀性能，在大功率火力发电设备中得到广泛应用，而其接头的断裂性能对该材料的推广及应用至关重要。采用数值分析及实验的方法，讨论裂纹位于焊接接头的不同位置时，组配发生变化的焊接接头的断裂驱动力和断裂抵抗力。结果表明，材料组配的不同会对焊接接头的断裂驱动力产生一定的影响。从断裂阻力的角度来看，低组配焊接接头的断裂抵抗力要高于高组配。实际工程结构应采用低组配接头形式，以提高焊接接头的抗断性能。     

裂纹深度和强度组配对焊接接头断裂性能的影响

利用弹塑性有限元计算和三点弯曲试验对不同裂纹深度，不同强度组配焊接接头试样的断裂性能进行了研究，着重讨论了裂纹深度和组配的不同对焊接接头试样加载过程中塑性区形状及大小，深浅裂纹分界点，抗断性能，裂纹尖端张开位移ＣＴＯＤ，Ｊ积分的影响。结果表明，裂纹越浅。加载时塑性区域大，断裂韧性值越高，高组配焊接接头试样加载时由于塑性区扩展到母材而具有较大的塑性区，低组配焊接接头试样加载时塑性区被抑制在焊缝中，尺     

熔合线含裂纹焊接接头复合角的研究

结合裂纹尖端应力应变场的分布规律,讨论了熔合线上舍裂纹焊接接头的COD断裂参量的分解情况。应用有限元方法分析了不同载荷作用下,不同组配焊接接头复合角φ与焊缝宽度的关系。进一步对熔合线上含裂纹焊接接头的复合角φ与焊缝应变硬化指数的关系进行了研究。结果表明,焊缝宽度、焊缝应变硬化指数以及接头组配对焊接接头复合角φ有很大影响。相对于焊缝宽度而言,强度组配对复合角φ有更为明显的影响,并且高组配和低组配焊接接头的复合角φ随着外加载荷的增加有相反的变化趋势。在同一外加载荷下,接头复合角φ随着焊缝应变硬化指数的增加而减小。     

为较高强度的结构钢选择焊接材料须考虑的两个因素

研究了焊缝金属相对宽度和焊缝金属强度对接头性能的影响。结果表明：随低强焊缝金属相对宽度变小,接头抗拉强度增大;焊缝金属相对宽度不大时,焊缝与母材实际等强的接头具有最优抗脆断性能,按实际等强原则选择焊接材料可提高焊接结构的可靠性,焊缝低强组配较超强组配合理。焊缝过分超强或过分低强均使接头抗脆断性能恶化。     

大热输入焊接EH36船板钢接头力学性能

以EH36高强度船板钢为研究对象,通过拉伸和冲击分析试验手段,对EH36船板钢不同热输入埋弧焊接头进行了力学性能测试,同时采用扫描电镜对冲击试样断口形貌进行分析.结果表明,所有断裂均发生在拉伸试样的母材区,EH36船板钢在大焊接热输入条件下,焊缝和焊接热影响区的强度好于母材,并没有出现热影响区软化现象;随着焊接热输入增加焊缝的冲击韧性降低,从焊缝和熔合区断口形貌来看,断裂类型为韧性断裂和准解理断裂的混合断裂.随着远离熔合线距离的增加,冲击吸收功有增加的趋势,在距离熔合线4 mm处的冲击吸收功跟母材接近,说明该位置处韧性基本不受焊接热循环的影响.     

TA15钛合金焊接接头性能与断裂行为研究

对TA15钛合金氩弧焊和电子束焊焊接接头的性能与微观组织进行了分析研究,并结合断口观察,对其断裂行为进行了研究.结果表明,两种焊接接头强度均与母材相当,而塑性明显降低.焊接接头热影响区组织均呈现从粗大等轴组织到魏氏组织的过渡变化特征.疲劳断裂位置一般位于靠近熔合线的焊缝区域,主要原因是此区域存在组织突变和熔合线气孔.焊接气孔对接头疲劳性能影响较大.两种焊接接头疲劳断口特征存在明显区别.     

回火和时效对SA335 P92钢焊接接头力学性能的影响

系统研究了不同回火和时效工艺对SA335 P92钢焊接接头力学性能的影响。结果表明,SA335 P92钢焊接接头760℃回火后的硬度和冲击性能均优于740℃回火处理和三次修复;相同应力下,三次修复试样的蠕变断裂速率显著快于另两种工艺试样,这表明SA335 P92钢焊接接头修复次数不应超过两次。经回火处理后,焊缝力学性能随时效时间延长降低;时效导致热影响区的软化区从距熔合线3 mm移到距熔合线2 mm处。     

X70钢焊接接头不同区域低温CTOD特征值分布规律

高强度钢焊接接头焊缝中心区、熔合线区和热影响区的组织结构与元素分布的不同造成这3个区域的裂纹尖端张开位移(CTOD)及其离散性存在差异,给焊接接头可靠性评估带来挑战。对X70级高强度钢电弧焊焊接接头的上述3个区域分别进行了低温CTOD特征值测试,并对各区域CTOD特征值的分布规律进行了统计研究。结果表明,焊缝中心区的CTOD特征值离散性较小,符合对数正态函数分布规律;熔合线区域的CTOD特征值离散性最大,同样符合对数正态分布;热影响区的CTOD特征值均值最大,但更符合正态分布函数规律。     

复合加载方式作用下熔合线上含裂纹焊接接头的裂端场与断裂参量

针对复合载荷作用下熔合线含裂纹的焊接接头,应用弹塑性有限元方法分析了其裂端应力场的分布规律.并对不同组配焊接接头的COD断裂参量及其复合角进行了数值计算,讨论了加载角度和接头强度组配对焊接接头断裂行为及断裂参量的影响机制.研究结果表明,对于复合载荷作用下的熔合线含裂纹焊接接头,其裂端应力场同时受到加载角度以及材料非均匀性的影响.当加载角度较小时,复合载荷对接头性能的影响相对于接头组配的影响更为显著.而当加载角度达到并超过30°时,情况与之相反.     

X80管线钢及其接头的低温韧性和显微组织

分别利用示波冲击韧性试验、硬度试验和光学显微镜、透射电镜研究了X80管线钢及其焊管接头的力学性能和显微组织。试验结果表明，X80钢及其焊管接头具有良好的韧性，其中焊缝的韧性最高，焊接热影响区粗晶区因受焊接热效应引起晶粒粗化和形成脆性组织，故韧性最低。试验钢由针状铁素体和少量块状铁素体组成，焊缝为典型的针状铁素体组织，焊接热影响区粗晶区以粒状贝氏体为主。焊接热影响区熔合线附近的硬度值最高，越远离熔合线硬度值越低，并逐渐接近母材的硬度值。     

Potential-Sonden-Messungen und Potential-Profile über Schweißverbindungen korrosionsbeständiger Nickel-Basis-Werkstoffe und Sonderstähle

Potential probe measurements and potential profiles across weldments of corrosion resistant nickel-base alloys and special stainless steels A great number of potential profiles was measured across weldments (SMAW, GTAM, GMAW, Plasma) of the highly corrosion-resistant nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys 22, C-276, C-4, of the nickel-chromium-iron-molybdenum-copper alloy G-3 as well as of the highly corrosion-resistant austenitic steel Cronifer 1925 hMo. After several tests had been made in a high-ohmic electrolyte solution of 90 vol.-% of methanol + 10 vol.-% of 10^?3 M HCl ( χ = 18 to 20 μs/cm) the tests were continued, for reasons of easier handling, in deionized water whose conductivity was adjusted by using 0.1 M HCl to χ = 10 to 20 μs/cm. It clearly proved that the potential profiles of various weld joints were dependent on the electrolyte. The potential profiles measured across weldments of the NiCrMo alloys which were made with matching filler metal revealed only insignificant or no differences between the potentials of the base material and the weldment. Consequently, in chloride-containing electrolytes it is very unlikely that matching NiCrMo weldments are subject to a preferred corrosion attack. This corresponds to practical experience. The potential profiles in the aqueous HCl electrolyte across weldments of the 6% Mo stainless steel Cronifer 1925 hMo and of the NiCrFeMoCu alloy G-3 welded with a NiCrMo-filler metal showed a potential drop of up to 420 mV over the weldment when compared with the base material. These potential differences can be explained by means of current density-potential curves, showing the electrochemical reactions of base material and weldment with the electrolyte to be different. Nevertheless, the corrosion resistance of the weldment is not inferior to that of the base material.     

高氮奥氏体焊丝焊接超高强钢接头组织和性能

为解决超高强钢焊接冷裂纹问题,采用强度低于母材的高氮奥氏体丝材进行GMAW工艺试验,研究在不同坡口角度下超高强钢焊接接头组织性能. 结果表明,采用该焊丝获得的接头焊缝成形良好,焊缝截面未见裂纹缺陷. 熔合线附近组织主要为针状和板条状马氏体,焊缝组织主要为奥氏体及被奥氏体基体所包围的铁素体树枝晶. 熔合线附近马氏体区硬度平均值为530 HV;焊缝区硬度平均值为275 HV. 相对于60°坡口接头,90°坡口接头熔合线附近马氏体组织硬度更高. 90°坡口接头的抗拉强度平均达到850 MPa,最高达887 MPa,而60°坡口接头抗拉强度平均仅为690 MPa.     

高铌X80管道不同强度匹配环焊接头性能及应变演化

为探究管道环焊缝断裂失效机理,测试了两种不同强度匹配的高铌X80环焊缝接头的组织和性能,并借助数字图像相关法(digital image correlation,DIC)观测了焊接接头在拉伸载荷下的应变行为.结果表明,低强匹配和高强匹配的高铌X80管道环焊接头均具有较好的冲击韧性,二者的夏比冲击吸收能量平均值相当,热影...     

高组配焊接接头表面裂纹J积分试验研究

实际构件中大量存在着半穿型的焊接表面裂纹,对于这种力学性能不均匀三维裂纹体的弹塑性断裂力学参量的探讨还比较缺乏,利用Ｊ积分直接测试方法以及适当的理论弹性修正,对存在不同组配比的高组配焊接接头焊缝区的三维表面裂纹的Ｊ积分进行试验研究,着重讨论了接头组配比对焊接接头试样加载过程中裂纹扩展驱动力（Ｊ积分、裂纹嘴张开位移ＣＭＯＤ）、应变沿积分路径分布的影响。结果表明,焊接接头试样上应变的分布趋势取决于裂纹     

Effect of weld metal chemistry on stress corrosion cracking behavior of AISI 444 ferritic stainless steel weldments in boiling chloride solution

The influence of the weld metal chemistry on the susceptibility of AISI 444 ferritic stainless steel (FSS) weldment to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in hot chloride was investigated by constant load tests and metallographic examination. Two types of filler metal of austenitic stainless steel (E316L and E309L) were used in order to produce fusion zones of different chemical compositions. The SCC test results showed that the interface between the fusion zone (FZ) and the heat affected zone (HAZ) was the most susceptible region to SCC. Results also showed that the AISI 444 stainless steel weldment with E309L weld metal presented the best SSC resistance. Microstructural examinations indicated that the cracks initiated in the weld metal and propagated to the HAZ of the AISI 444 FSS, where the fracture occurred and it was observed a considerable amount of precipitates. Additionally, the higher SCC resistance of the AISI 444 FSS weldment with E309L weld metal may be attributed to the presence of a discontinuous delta‐ferrite network in its microstructure, which acted as a barrier to cracks propagation from the fusion zone to the HAZ/fusion zone interface of AISI 444 FSS. Fractrography analyses showed that the transgranular quasi‐cleavage fracture mode was predominant in the AISI 444 weldment with E316L weld metal and the mixed fracture mode was the predominant in the AISI 444 weldment with E309L weld metal.     

Study on the J-Integral and Failure Assessment Line of Electron Beam Welded Thick TC4-DT Alloy Joints

The effects of strength mis-matching on J-integral and failure assessment line (FAL) of electron beam welded thick TC4-DT titanium alloy joints have been investigated.Elastic and elastic-plastic finite elements (FE) calculations on centre crack tensile (CCT) specimens were made,and the condition of 20% strength mis-matching was considered.The results indicate that the limit load of the joint can be substituted by that of the base metal.The error of substitution is less than 5%.The failure assessment lines for both over-matching and under-matching joints are increasingly close to that of the base metal,with the ratio of weld width to specimen width (H/W) decreasing.Moreover,the failure assessment lines of the joints can be devised using the stress-strain curves of the base metal,which will be convenient for the practical application of engineering structures     

含表面裂纹非匹配焊接接头的断裂行为

测试了两种超高强度钢低匹配接头母材、焊缝和热影响区的表面裂纹断裂韧性,比较了母材与热影响区的断裂韧度概率分布.同时采用有限元方法分析了匹配因子和裂纹位置对裂纹尖端张开应力和应力三轴度的影响.结果表明,当裂纹位于热影响区时,由于软焊缝使其应力三轴度降低,其断裂韧性明显好于母材;而当裂纹位于焊缝一侧时,匹配因子越高,距熔合线越远,则应力三轴度越低,断裂韧性越好;当裂纹位于焊缝中心时,两种匹配的断裂韧度相当.从而解释了试验结果.     

921A钢激光-MAG复合焊接头组织及性能

针对6 mm厚的921A钢板,采用激光-MAG复合焊接工艺进行对接焊试验,并对焊接接头的显微组织、硬度、拉伸性能、耐腐蚀性能等进行了分析。结果表明,采用激光-MAG复合焊工艺可获得成形连续美观的焊接接头,无未熔合、裂纹、气孔等缺陷;焊缝组织为针状铁素体、少量沿晶界析出的先共析铁素体及长条状贝氏体,热影响区组织为马氏体;焊接接头的拉伸性能和冲击性能均符合国家标准要求,焊缝强度高于母材,但塑韧性低于母材。峰值硬度在热影响区,为315 HV,焊缝硬度约为280 HV,符合最高硬度不得超过410 HV的规定。焊缝耐电化学腐蚀性能最强,母材次之,热影响区最低;激光和MAG电弧2种热源共同作用区域的组织分布更加均匀,硬度及耐腐蚀性能较激光单独作用区域有了明显改善。创新点： 采用激光-MAG复合焊实现了6 mm厚度921A钢板无缺陷对接焊的一次焊接成形。焊缝晶粒更加细化,分布更加均匀;焊缝抗拉强度、硬度、电化学腐蚀性能均高于母材,冲击吸收能量满足船级社要求。     

AF1410钢电子束焊接接头的腐蚀行为

针对AF1410钢电子束焊接接头,分析焊缝区、热影响区、母材区的微观组织,测试并研究各微区的电化学性能以及接头在3.5％(质量分数)NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为.研究表明:焊缝区、热影响区、母材区的微观组织及电化学性能互相之间均存在明显差异,热影响区的自腐蚀电位最低,母材区的自腐蚀电位最高;未经热处理的AF1410钢电子束...