特种表面活性剂和功能性表面活性剂(ⅩⅪ)——含磷双子表面活性剂的合成

含磷双子表面活性剂具有高的表面活性、良好的水溶性、较好的热稳定性、优越的抗静电性和配伍性等特点。综述了含磷双子表面活性剂的结构类型以及合成路线和方法,并按照阴离子型、两性型、非离子型含磷双子表面活性剂及其联接基团的不同进行了归纳。最后,对含磷双子表面活性剂的发展进行了展望。     

特种表面活性剂和功能性表面活性剂(ⅩⅩ)——含氟双子表面活性剂的合成

按照结构特点对阳离子型、阴离子型、两性离子型和非离子型含氟双子表面活性剂的合成方法和合成路线进行了归纳。含氟双子表面活性剂是一种特殊表面活性剂,氟原子取代了表面活性剂碳氢链中的氢原子,而使其具有更高的表面活性。展望了含氟双子表面活性剂的发展前景。     

专利文献

一种糖基季铵盐双子表面活性剂及其合成方法:王军,杨许召,李妮妮,田晓俊,CN101972612//2011-02-16本发明公开了一种糖基季铵盐双子表面活性剂,本发明合成方法简单,步骤由直接法合成二卤代糖苷和季铵化反应构成,合成工艺简单,设备要求低,适合工业化。糖基季铵盐在结构上不仅具有非离子型的葡萄糖亲水基,而且具有阳离子型的双季铵盐亲水基;产品具有阳离子表面活性剂的杀菌性、抗静电性和抗硬水性外,刺激性比较低;产品能够和阴离子表面活性剂复配,同时具有协同增     

对称型双子表面活性剂的合成研究进展

简要介绍了对称型双子表面活性剂的合成原理,包括极性头基加入法、疏水链加入法和联接链加入法;详细综述了各种对称型双子表面活性剂按照不同原理的合成路线,包括阳离子型双子表面活性剂、阴离子型双子表面活性剂、非离子型双子表面活性剂、两性离子型双子表面活性剂、具有特殊结构和功能的双子表面活性剂及多聚体等;简单总结了各种合成路线的优缺点,并对对称型双子表面活性剂的发展趋势和应用前景进行了展望。     

特种表面活性剂和功能性表面活性剂(Ⅴ)——双子表面活性剂的合成研究进展

针对双子表面活性剂的合成方法和制备过程,遵循阳离子型、阴离子型、非离子型和两性离子型为主要类别,按照其结构特点分门别类地进行比较和归纳,阐述了双子表面活性剂的合成研究情况,展望了其合成发展方向.     

双子表面活性剂的研究及应用进展

综述了双子表面活性剂的基本类型、结构特点以及物化性能,介绍了不同类型双子表面活性剂合成路线,解析了双子表面活性剂在石油工业、制备新材料、金属缓蚀方面的应用。最后展望了双子表面活性剂将来的发展动态及趋势,表明合成过程简单、生产成本低以及产物降解能力强、无毒害、对环境友好的双子表面活性剂是将来发展的重点。     

双子表面活性剂的研究及应用进展

综述了双子表面活性剂的基本类型、结构特点以及物化性能,介绍了不同类型双子表面活性剂合成路线,解析了双子表面活性剂在石油工业、制备新材料、金属缓蚀方面的应用。最后展望了双子表面活性剂将来的发展动态及趋势,表明合成过程简单、生产成本低以及产物降解能力强、无毒害、对环境友好的双子表面活性剂是将来发展的重点。     

双子表面活性剂在苯胺乳液聚合中的应用

以壬基酚、1,4-二溴丁烷和氯磺酸为主要原料,通过三步反应合成了新型的磺酸型双子表面活性剂9BA-4-9BA,并将这种表面活性剂作为乳化剂和掺杂剂应用于苯胺的乳液聚合制备导电聚苯胺。合成的聚苯胺用红外、紫外表征,表明双子表面活性剂9BA-4-9BA对所合成的聚苯胺有良好的掺杂性能。扫描电镜观察发现,当双子表面活性剂与苯胺摩尔比为1.5∶1时,得到的聚苯胺为纤维状,纤维长度大约为50μm。     

特种表面活性剂和功能性表面活性剂(ⅩⅫ)——含硅双子表面活性剂的研究进展

综述了具有很高的表面活性、良好的铺展性和润湿力、优越的配伍性及极低的生理毒性等优点的含硅双子表面活性剂的研究进展,重点介绍了阳离子型、阴离子型和非离子型含硅双子表面活性剂合成及性能的研究现状,并展望了含硅双子表面活性剂的发展方向。     

新型双子表面活性剂在三次采油中的应用研究

结合双子表面活性剂的结构及分类,综述其独特的性质,即高表面活性,良好的水溶性,高的增溶能力,优异的协同作用,独特的流变性,优良的润湿性等,介绍了几种三次采油用的特殊双子表面活性剂(合成工艺简单型,环保型,复配型),指出优化合成工艺,开展复配研究,提高产品产率,开发新型产品(如杂双子表面活性剂)是未来发展方向.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。