空间核动力装置控制鼓系统试验样机热态性能试验

控制鼓系统是空间核动力装置上执行功率调节、紧急停堆的重要安全设备,其能否正常运行直接关系到核动力装置的安全性。为验证控制鼓系统能否满足设计要求,必须进行热态下的性能试验。本文采用1∶1全尺寸控制鼓系统试验样机,通过设计建立专用的热态性能试验装置,对试验样机寿期内全行程往复、电机切换和快速复位功能进行了试验验证和研究分析。试验过程显示,试验样机运行基本平稳,无异响和卡顿,快速复位时间满足设计指标,但传动链终端存在角度滞后、旋转过程位置重复精度低和小角度快速复位乏力等现象。该控制鼓系统试验样机机构设计基本满足机械运转功能,为下一阶段控制鼓系统结构的优化与定型奠定了基础。     

空间核动力装置控制鼓系统试验样机快速复位时间测量方法研究

控制鼓系统是空间核动力装置上执行功率调节、紧急停堆的重要安全级设备,其能否正常运行直接关系到核动力装置的安全性。为测试控制鼓系统的快速复位时间,通过分析控制鼓系统的转动和传动过程,提出了快速复位零点判断、计算复位时间的方法。采用1∶1全尺寸控制鼓系统试验样机和综合测试平台,对快速复位时间进行了实测试验。试验结果表明,该测试方法是真实、有效、可靠的,可应用于控制鼓系统各阶段研发、使用过程中快速复位时间的测量。同时也验证了控制鼓系统的设计满足设计指标,机械快速复位时间小于1 s。     

安全棒系统试验样机冷、热态性能试验研究

安全棒系统是空间核反应堆的关键设备之一,它具有结构紧凑、传动精度高、与反应堆容器连接接口多、工作温度高等特点。通过采用全尺寸的安全棒系统试验样机,确定了冷、热态性能试验方案,设计了专用的试验装置开展冷、热态性能试验。试验结果表明,安全棒系统试验样机运行正常,性能达到设计要求,为试验样机的抗震试验提供了条件,也为安全棒系统后续设计及试验装置的改进提供了参考依据。     

安全棒系统试验样机冷、热态性能试验研究

安全棒系统是空间核反应堆的关键设备之一,它具有结构紧凑、传动精度高、与反应堆容器连接接口多、工作温度高等特点。通过采用全尺寸的安全棒系统试验样机,确定了冷、热态性能试验方案,设计了专用的试验装置开展冷、热态性能试验。试验结果表明,安全棒系统试验样机运行正常,性能达到设计要求,为试验样机的抗震试验提供了条件,也为安全棒系统后续设计及试验装置的改进提供了参考依据。     

秦山核电厂压水堆控制棒驱动机构产品样机性能试验

本文简要的介绍了秦山核电厂控制棒驱动机构的功能、设计参数、结构及设计特点,重着介绍了产品样机性能试验的目的和试验结果。试验证明它与国外同类机构技术性能相当,产品样机已经受了2.7×10~6步热态考验,仍能继续正常运行。     

核动力设备综合实验装置中大型稳压器的设计

介绍了核动力设备综合实验装置大型稳压器的设计。该设备的主要特点是：选材合理，密封性能优良，具有防止产生疲劳破坏和热冲击的能力。该设备主要用于各种级别的核动力装置反应堆冷却剂系统的安全阀和释放阀的热态试验。     

百万千瓦级压水堆核电厂蒸汽发生器汽水分离装置热态验证试验

对百万千瓦级压水堆核电厂蒸汽发生器汽水分离装置水-空气冷态试验确定的最佳结构进行了实际核电厂运行参数条件下的水-蒸汽热态验证试验,与国外先进结构汽水分离装置试验体在热态试验条件下的性能进行了对比.结果表明,在正常运行条件下,研制的汽水分离装置试验体出口蒸汽湿度(上携带)为0.0021%,远小于百万千瓦级压水堆核电厂蒸汽发生器设计规定的0.1%的湿度指标,其在恶劣工作条件下的汽水分离性能仍满足设计要求,并优于国外先进结构汽水分离装置试验体.     

非能动核电厂1E级阀门电动装置的鉴定与试验

介绍了三代非能动核电厂1E级阀门电动装置的设计及其鉴定要求,阐述了鉴定试验方案,包括基于IEEE 382-2006标准的代表性样机选型和鉴定试验序列,以及电磁兼容性、热老化、热循环、辐照老化、磨损老化、正常循环加压、振动老化、抗震和设计基准事故模拟等一系列的鉴定试验方法和结果。对抗震试验、设计基准事故试验中的技术问题进行了探讨,指出了相应的解决方案和措施。通过对国内自主研制的阀门电动装置样机的鉴定试验,最终验证电动装置在核电厂服役过程中能够达到规范书的安全功能性能要求,并具有60年鉴定寿命。     

先进堆长寿命控制棒驱动机构热态寿命考验

为验证长寿命控制棒驱动机构能否满足设计要求,进行了驱动机构热态寿命考验.本文介绍了先进堆长寿命控制棒驱动机构热态寿命考验的过程和考验结果.考验期间,驱动机构累计步进数达851万步,机构性能良好、运行正常,落棒时间满足设计要求.考验结果表明,该控制棒驱动机构的设计和制造满足设计指标的要求.     

核动力装置冷启堆自动控制方法研究

针对核动力装置冷启堆自动控制问题,确定总体控制策略,并采用不同控制方法,分别设计启堆过程不同阶段的一回路平均温度、稳压器温度、压力、水位,以及蒸汽发生器(SG)二次侧蒸汽压力的控制算法;采用基于RELAP5和SIMULINK的核动力装置控制综合仿真平台对启堆过程进行仿真计算。结果表明,所设计的控制方法能够实现反应堆从冷态停堆到具备带负荷运行条件的全过程自动控制,并满足启堆操作规程和安全性的要求。     

Study on Scram Time Measurement Method of Control Drum System Experimental Prototype of Space Nuclear Power Device

The control drum system is important safety level device for power regulation and emergency shutdown of the space nuclear power device. The safety of the reactor directly depends on whether the control drum system can operate well or not. In order to test the scram time of the control drum system, a method of judging the zero position and calculating the scram time was proposed by analyzing the rotation and transmission process of the control drum system. The full-scale model of the control drum system experimental prototype and a comprehensive test platform were used to test the scram time. The test results show that the test method is real, effective and reliable, and can be applied to the measurement of scram time in the development and use of control drum system at all stages. At the same time, it is also verified that the design of the control drum system meets the design target that the mechanical scram time is less than 1 s.     

Testing and qualification of Control & Safety Rod and its drive mechanism of Fast Breeder Reactor

Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) has two independent fast acting diverse shutdown systems. The absorber rod of the first system is called Control & Safety Rod (CSR). CSR and its Drive Mechanism (CSRDM) are used for reactor control and for safe shutdown of the reactor by scram action. In view of the safety role, the qualification of CSRDM is one of the important requirements.CSR & CSRDM were qualified in two stages by extensive testing. In the first stage, the critical subassemblies of the mechanism, such as scram release electromagnet, hydraulic dashpot & dynamic seals and CSR subassembly, were tested and qualified individually simulating the operating conditions of the reactor. Experiments were also carried out on sodium vapour deposition in the annular gaps between the stationary and mobile parts of the mechanism.In the second stage, full-scale CSRDM and CSR were subjected to all the integrated functional tests in air, hot argon and subsequently in sodium simulating the operating conditions of the reactor and finally subjected to endurance tests. Since the damage occurring in CSRDM & CSR is mainly due to fatigue cycles during scram actions, the number of test cycles was decided based on the guidelines given in ASME, Section III, Div. 1. The results show that the performance of CSRDM & CSR is satisfactory. Subsequent to the testing in sodium, the assemblies having contact with liquid sodium/sodium vapour were cleaned using CO₂ process and the total cleaning process has been established, so that the mechanism can be reused in sodium. The various stages of qualification programmes have raised the confidence level on the performance of the system as a whole for the intended and reliable operation in the reactor.     

Physics design of experimental metal fuelled fast reactor cores for full scale demonstration

Fast breeder reactors based on metal fuel are planned to be in operation for the year beyond 2025 to meet the growing energy demand in India. A road map is laid towards the development of technologies required for launching 1000 MWe commercial metal breeder reactors with closed fuel cycle. Construction of a test reactor with metallic fuel is also envisaged to provide full-scale testing of fuel sub-assemblies planned for a commercial power reactor. Physics design studies have been carried out to arrive at a core configuration for this experimental facility. The aim of this study is to find out minimum power of the core to meet the requirements of safety as well as full-scale demonstration. In addition, fuel sustainability is also a consideration in the design. Two types of metallic fuel pins, viz. a sodium bonded ternary (U-Pu-6% Zr) alloy and a mechanically bonded binary (U-Pu) alloy with 125 μm thickness zirconium liner, are considered for this study. Using the European fast reactor neutronics code system, ERANOS 2.1, four metallic fast reactor cores are optimized and estimated their important steady state parameters. The ABBN-93 system is also used for estimating the important safety parameters. Minimum achievable power from the converter metallic core is 220 MWt. A 320 MWt self-sustaining breeder metal core is recommended for the test facility.     

Application of model predictive control strategy based on fuzzy identification to an SP-100 space reactor

In this work, a model predictive control method combined with fuzzy identification, is applied to the design of the thermoelectric (TE) power control in the SP-100 space reactor. The future TE power is predicted by using the fuzzy model identified by a subtractive clustering method of a fast and robust algorithm. The objectives of the proposed fuzzy model predictive controller are to minimize both the difference between the predicted TE power and the desired power, and the variation of control drum angle that adjusts the control reactivity. Also, the objectives are subject to maximum and minimum control drum angle and maximum drum angle variation speed. The genetic algorithm that is effective in accomplishing multiple objectives is used to optimize the fuzzy model predictive controller. A lumped parameter simulation model of the SP-100 nuclear space reactor is used to verify the proposed controller. The results of numerical simulations to check the performance of the proposed controller show that the TE generator power level controlled by the proposed controller could track the target power level effectively, satisfying all control constraints.     

The thermal-hydraulics of a simulated PWR facility during steam generator tube rupture transients

The thermal-hydraulics of the semi-scale test facility during steam generator tube rupture transients were investigated in this paper. The test facility simulates the main features of a Westinghouse four-loop pressurized water reactor (PWR) plant.The constructed analytical model simulated both the intact and broken loops, and included the vessel (lower plenum, core, upper plenum, upper dome), the hot legs, pressurizer and the primary and secondary sides of the U-tube steam generators. The two-phase Modular Modeling System code, which was developed by the Electric Power Research Institute, and the EASY5 simulation language were used in carrying out the calculations. A control model was developed to simulate the major facility control systems and to perform the necessary control functions.Calculations were carried out during the first three hundred seconds of the event, where the automatically functioning plant protection system components were assumed to operate. The impact of reactor scram, pressurizer heater activation, main steam isolation valve closure, emergency core cooling system activation, pump trip, main feedwater termination, auxiliary feedwater injection, and atmospheric dump/safety relief valves opening/closing on the system response was calculated.The time histories of the thermal-hydraulic conditions, such as pressure and temperature, are presented for one, five and ten-tube ruptures. Comparisons with experimental data and RELAP-5 (MOD 1.5) calculations are also given.     

核设施烟囱气态流出物取样系统气溶胶穿透效率试验研究

核设施烟囱气态流出物的取样是否具有代表性,将直接影响流出物测量的准确性。气溶胶穿透效率是取样代表性的关键指标之一。本文介绍了取样系统气溶胶穿透效率的试验方法和试验要求,针对国内某在建核电站,开展了D_a=10 μm粒径下的穿透效率验证试验,其结果为48.42%;三级取样管线取消弯头,采用直管连接,通过此改进后取样管路的穿透效率提升至53.21%,满足标准中大于50%的要求。     

泳池式轻水反应堆内电磁线圈可控温辐照装置设计

本文设计了在泳池式轻水反应堆（简称泳池堆）内在线测量电磁线圈电性能的可控温辐照装置。采用MCNP程序进行中子物理计算,对泳池堆、线圈骨架的结构尺寸与物质组分进行了精细全尺寸模拟,得出辐照装置的发热功率和中子注量率。通过初步估算,使用ANSYS CFX进行了数值模拟,得出辐照装置内线圈在堆运行时的温度,并提出温度控制的方法。辐照装置采用铝材加工制造,并进行了垂直度测试、气压测试、检漏测试。增加了绝缘设计,将辐照装置与泳池堆之间进行绝缘。在线圈处预埋铠装热电偶,对线圈温度进行实时监测。在泳池堆内对电磁线圈进行辐照试验,结果表明,本文设计的辐照装置能满足电磁线圈在泳池堆孔道内进行辐照试验的要求,并可对电磁线圈进行实时温度控制。