铷87原子双光子跃迁光谱稳频特性研究

铷87的双光子光谱具有高信噪比、无多普勒展宽、窄线宽等特点。构建了基于⁸⁷Rb原子双光子跃迁的光学频率参考，分析测试了影响其短期稳定度的因素。利用778 nm外腔半导体激光器激发双光子跃迁产生420 nm荧光信号，通过荧光信号锁定激光器频率。探讨了谱线线宽、信噪比、功率、温度相关的谱线展宽、光频移、系统结构稳定性和调制宽度等对频移和稳定度的影响。采用螺栓锁紧结构固定光学元件，大幅改善了光学对准引起的稳频误差，通过直接调制激光器电流实现了秒级稳定度为1.5×10^-12、500 s稳定度为2.88×10^-13的光学频率参考。与其他基于饱和吸收的光学频率参考相比，构建的基于⁸⁷Rb原子双光子跃迁的光学频率参考的稳定度提高了10～100倍。光学对准对于提高荧光探测信噪比和优化长期稳定度具有重要意义。验证了内调制实现双光子光学频率参考的可行性，并提出了进一步优化短期稳定度和长期稳定度可采用的技术方案。     

一种小型压控恒温晶体振荡器的设计

简要介绍了一种小型的恒温晶体振荡器,通过对振荡参数的反复试验、修改,提高了振荡器的频率稳定度。提出一种新的设计理念,利用晶体谐振器与电感随温度变化对晶体振荡器频率所产生的不同影响,合理安排晶体振荡器内部的热场,调整晶体谐振器、热敏电阻及振荡参数的热平衡关系,在去掉恒温槽的情况下提高了温度频率特性,且大大缩小了晶体振荡器的体积。     

高频振荡器设计及其稳定度对比实验研究

设计了多型式的高频正弦波振荡器,对设计过程及注意事项作了阐述。对振荡器的稳定性研究作了实验设计,最后测试了振荡器的主要参数,通过比较实验及数据分析,总结几类常用振荡器的特点和稳定度特性,说明晶体振荡器具有较高的频率稳定度。     

C波段高稳定陶瓷谐振振荡器的设计

介绍了利用陶瓷谐振器（CR）来提高振荡器频率稳定度的方法,并利用专用微波电路设计软件（AWR）对该方法进行了分析,同时还对压控支路进行了温度补偿设计。根据分析结果制作的C波段高稳定陶瓷振荡器取得了令人满意的指标：在全温范围测试结果为温漂≤50 ppm/℃,带内线性≤1.1,频率稳定度≤±15 MHz,相噪≤-108 d...     

温补晶体振荡器的频率温度稳定度

大部分晶体振荡器生产厂家的数据手册不会兼顾所有使用者的需要,特别是温补晶体振荡器的频率温度稳定度指标,多数情况下,数据手册所列指标往往只适应于某一类典型的应用场合或只符合生产厂家与其某几个主要用户的验收规则,所以只有充分理解频率温度稳定度的不同定义方法、与频率温度稳定度相关的其他频率温度特性指标、不同的环境温度测试方法,才能正确制定符合自己使用要求的频率温度稳定度指标,不加分析地简单套用频率温度     

关于接收机的相位噪声

接收机的相位噪声实际上专指频率合成器的相位噪声,而频率合成器的相位噪声是衡量其短期稳定度的一个技术指标,目前国内外的频率合成器基本采用锁相环(PLL)或多个锁相环的方式.频率合成器的频率稳定度包括长期稳定度和短期稳定度.长期稳定度一般由基准频率源(通常为恒温晶振或温度补偿晶振,或由外部基准频率源)决定,短期频率稳定度由锁相环决定(环路参数、部件如压控振荡器).相位噪声早期也称为相位抖动,在时域多用阿仑方差表示,在频域多用相位噪声(偏离载波某个频偏处的单位带宽内相位噪声功率相对主载波的功率低多少,通常用dBc/Hz表示,dBc中的c表示相对值)表示.     

改善了短期频率稳定度的两级自限幅串联谐振石英晶体振荡噐

提出了普通石英晶体振荡器中采用的晶体管主振级的简化模型。考察这种模型和相应的噪声源,可解释几种广泛应用的自限幅石英晶体振荡器的输出频谱中所观察到的差别。介绍了一种特殊设计的自限幅石英晶体振荡器电路,这种电路同时具有改善振荡器短期频率稳定度和相位稳定度所需的三个重要电路特性:大的振荡器的谐振器有载 Q 值,1/f 相应起伏噪声的适当抑制,以及振荡器信噪比的改善。已制造了利用高质量三次泛音5兆赫 AT 和 BT 切割石英谐振器的几种振荡器样机。利用普通的锁相法和取样法测量振荡器的短期频率稳定度,结果证明此振荡器的短期频率稳定度比通常的自限幅振荡器显著改善。     

一种新型高频率稳定度的SAW振荡器

作为声表面波(SAW)气体传感器的关键元件,SAW振荡器的频率稳定度直接影响到传感器的灵敏度和检测下限。因此,提高SAW振荡器的频率稳定度是传感器研究的关键。该文在ST石英基片上研制了一种具有低插入损耗(10 dB内)、单一模式控制的SAW双延迟线及振荡器,其频率稳定度达0.1×10-6量级,同时还分析了作为频控元件的延迟线品质因数及振荡电路温度对振荡器频率稳定度的影响。     

基于LMX2306的高稳定度晶体振荡器设计

介绍了一种基于LMX2306（PLL）＋VCXO实现的20-100MHz高稳定晶体振荡器的设计方法，该设计方法利用锁相稳频技术可获得长，短期频率稳定度和相位噪声皆比较好的频标特性。     

C波段高稳定陶瓷谐振振荡器设计

文章介绍了利用陶瓷谐振器（CR）来提高振荡器频率稳定度的方法,并利用专用微波电路设计软件（AWR）对该方法进行了分析,同时还对压控支路进行了温度补偿设计。根据分析结果制作的C波段高稳定陶瓷振荡器取得令人满意的指标：在全温范围测试结果为温漂≤50×10^-6／℃,带内线性≤1．1,频率稳定度≤＋15MHz,相噪≤-108...     

一种宽温高精度温补晶振的研制

介绍了一种新型宽温微机补偿晶体振荡器。文中使用微处理器对专用集成电路芯片设计了温补晶振,分别在高低温区段对输出频率进行分段补偿;增加了噪声处理电路,滤除补偿电压跳变引入的噪声,避免相噪恶化;用二次分段补偿的方法,将补偿温度范围拓展到-55~+105 ℃。试验结果表明,使用该方法研制的10 MHz温补晶振,其频率温度稳定性在-55~+105 ℃范围内,优于±1.0×10^-6,相位噪声优于-140 dBc/Hz@1 kHz。     

16.384 MHz压控恒温晶体振荡器设计

设计了16．384MHz小型压控恒温晶体振荡器，通过修正变容二极管的非线性，改善了压控线性度，满足了用户要求。通过对恒温电路的零点漂移补偿，提高了温度稳定度，并通过对恒温槽结构的改进，提高了振荡器的温度特性和频率稳定度。     

The optically pumped rubidium maser

The optically pumped rubidium maser oscillator is the most recent addition to a growing number of atomic frequency standards. It is the first atomic frequency standard which is small enough and simple enough to be considered as a replacement for crystal oscillators. These factors and the extreme phase stability which results from the maser action make this device unique among all frequency standards. The device generates a microwave output at the ground-state hyperfine frequency of Rb⁸⁷(6835 Mc/s). The maser consists of a microwave cavity filled with Rb⁸⁷vapor and nitrogen gas. Oscillation occurs when the vapor is illuminated with filtered rubidium resonance radiation. The power output of the maser is 10^-10watts, and higher powers can be expected. In this paper the physical principles and construction of the device are described. The effects of optical pumping, buffer gas, and temperature on the maser are discussed, and experimental results are given. The short-term stability for observation times of about one second is expected to be about one part in 10¹². This may be increased by an order of magnitude by increasing the powser output to 10^-8watts. The long-term stability is expected to be comparable to that obtained in the passive rubidium standard (about one part in 10¹¹per month). These slow fluctuations arise from pressure shifts, light shifts, cavity pulling, and changes in the chemical composition of the buffer gas. The long-term stability can be improved by using the rubidium maser as the flywheel for an atomic beam frequency standard. Such a combination could be expected to have both long-term and short-term stabilities as great as one part in 10¹³.     

基于MOSFET ZTC工作点的高阶曲率补偿电压基准

工作在饱和区的MOSFET存在零温度系数(ZTC)特定工作点,基于这一特性设计实现了一款具有低温度系数的电压基准芯片。所设计的电路利用ZTC工作点的温度系数接近于0这一特点,辅以高阶曲率补偿电路,实现极低温度系数的输出电压。此外,针对ZTC工作点对工艺偏差的敏感性,根据蒙特卡洛仿真结果,专门设计了熔丝修调电路,以保证电路的输出结果具有较高工艺稳定性。该电路在CSMC 0.18μm CMOS工艺平台进行了流片验证,芯片面积为0.0025 mm²。结果表明该芯片在室温时能够稳定输出475.5 mV电压,在-40~125℃内,温度系数达到1.8×10^-6/℃,在10 kHz时电源抑制比达到-68.7 dB。     

A New InP/InGaAs Double Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor With a Step-Graded InAlGaAs Collector Structure

An interesting InP/InGaAs double heterojunction bipolar transistor with a step-graded InAlGaAs layer at the base-collector (B-C) heterojunction is fabricated and studied. Simulated results reveal that the potential spike at the B-C heterointerface is completely eliminated. Experimentally, the operation regime is wider than 11 decades in magnitude of the collector current (I_c = 10^-12 A to I_c = 10^-1 A). Furthermore, the studied device exhibits a relatively high common-emitter breakdown voltage and low output conductance even at high temperature. In the microwave characteristics, the unity current gain cutoff frequency f_T = 72.7 GHz and the maximum oscillation frequency f _max = 50 GHz are achieved for a nonoptimized device (A_E = 6 times 6 mum²).     

Frequency stabilization of a traveling-wave semiconductor ringlaser using a fiber resonator as a frequency reference

A fiber resonator with a temperature drift rate of better than 5×10^-4° C/hour is used for controlling the frequency stability of a 1.3 μm wavelength external cavity semiconductor ring laser. A frequency stability of about 600 KHz/hour is achieved     

Laser-pumped rubidium frequency standards: new analysis andprogress

We have achieved a stability of 3·10^-13 τ ^-1/2 for 3<τ<30 s with a laser-pumped rubidium gas-cell frequency standard by reducing the effects due to noise in the microwave and laser sources. This result is one order of magnitude better than the best present performance of lamp-pumped devices     

Frequency stabilization of a novel 1.5-μm Er-Yb bulk laser to a39K sub-Doppler line at 770.1 nm

The second harmonic output at 770.1 nm of a novel and compact Er-Yb:glass laser was frequency stabilized against the sub-Doppler linewidth of a crossover line in the ³⁹K 4S_1/2-4P _1/2 transition as obtained by saturation spectroscopy. Efficient frequency doubling, with a conversion efficiency of ~220% W ^-1, and with second harmonic power in excess of 15 μW, was achieved in a waveguide made in a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal. As measured through the analysis of the closed-loop error signal, a laser frequency instability of ~200 Hz was obtained; the Allan standard deviation of the frequency samples was below 4×10^-12 for integration times τ between 100 ms and 100 s, and reached a lowest floor level of 8×10^-13 for 20 s⩽τ⩽100 s. The measured frequency noise spectral density was in good agreement with the analysis performed in the time domain. Compared to previously published data for stabilized solid-state laser sources in this wavelength region, these results represent a significant improvement in the frequency stability     

Generation of frequency-tunable light and frequency reference gridsusing diode lasers for one-petahertz optical frequency sweep generator

Generation of frequency-tunable light and frequency reference grids in a wide frequency span for a diode laser based optical frequency sweep generator has been performed. Frequency tuning and noise characteristics in nonlinear frequency conversions have been discussed. By using AlGaAs, InGaAsP lasers and their frequency conversions in the type II angle phase-matching KTP crystal, highly coherent frequency-tunable outputs have been obtained from 600 THz (0.5 μm) to 170 THz (1.7 μm). Use of the DFB lasers ensures the continuous tuning with a frequency range as wide as 1 THz. Atomic potassium and molecular iodine absorption resonances have been employed as frequency references for stabilizing the frequencies of lasers and the generated light with the frequency stability of 10^-9-10^-10. Optical frequency comb generation has been realized at the 0.8 μm wavelength with a two-sided sidebands span of 4 THz. We have also proposed and demonstrated specific frequency-tunable systems based on sum and difference-generations of diode lasers