~(18)F-NaF注射液的制备及新西兰兔骨折显像

由外伤或肿瘤骨转移造成的隐匿性骨折和愈合情况的准确诊断对制定合适的治疗方案具有非常重要的意义。为考查~(18)F-NaF PET显像用于骨折诊断的诊断效能,本研究制备了~(18)F-NaF注射液,并对其进行了质量控制和稳定性研究,然后建立新西兰兔骨折动物模型,模型建立约2周后进行了~(18)F-NaF PET显像和~(99)Tc~m-亚甲基二磷酸盐(~(99)Tc~m-MDP)SPECT显像的自身对照实验,并对显像效果进行了比较。结果表明:~(18)F-NaF的产量大于37 GBq,各项检验结果均符合质控要求,40℃下放置8 h和30℃下放置10 h所有检验结果均无明显变化;~(18)F-NaF PET和~(99)Tc~m-MDP SPECT两种显像方式均可见全身骨骼,骨折部位呈明显放射性浓聚,但~(18)F-NaF给药后30 min即可进行PET显像,骨折部位显示更为清晰,骨折部位与对侧正常骨骼的放射性摄取比(T/NT)明显高于~(99)Tc~m-MDP,而~(99)Tc~m-MDP需在给药后2 h才能进行SPECT显像。本研究表明~(18)F-NaF PET对骨折的显像性能优于~(99)Tc~m-MDP,可明显提高检查流通量和诊断效能。     

肿瘤乏氧显像剂18F-FAZA的自动化合成

为了制备1-α-D-[5,-脱氧-5’-氟阿拉伯呋喃糖基]-2-硝基咪唑(18FAZA),采用两锅法与氟多功能模块,以4～6 mg前体在115℃氟化反应10 min,用C-18柱捕获中间产物,用NaOH水解,HCl中和,进行HPLC分离,得到18FAZA注射液体.总合成时间45 min,放化产率和放射化学纯度分别大于1...     

c-Gluc-Lys(［Fe18F］NOTA)-TOCA的制备及初步生物学评价

生长抑素类似物与肿瘤细胞上的生长抑素受体（SSTR）能够特异性地结合。因此,用¹⁸F标记的生长抑素类似物可作为肿瘤示踪剂对生长抑素受体阳性肿瘤进行诊断、分期和疗效评价。为开发一种可用于生长抑素受体阳性肿瘤诊断、能够高效快速合成的¹⁸F标记生长抑素类似物,本文用Fe¹⁸F复合物和偶联了双功能螯合剂1,4,7-三氮环壬烷-1,4,7-三乙酸（NOTA）的糖基化生长抑素类似物c-Gluc-Lys(NOTA)-TOCA通过螯合反应制备了c-Gluc-Lys(［Fe¹⁸F］NOTA)-TOCA,放化反应合成时间为25～30 min,标记率为40%,最终产品经HLB柱纯化后放化纯大于95%。标记物亲水性良好（lg P＝-4.18±0.15）,但体外稳定性差。正常鼠体内分布实验表明：标记物主要通过肾代谢,肝中摄取很低,在生长抑素受体高表达的胰腺中有高摄取,血液和肌肉本底低,骨中摄取高。本工作为进一步研究¹⁸F金属复合物标记的生长抑素类似物作为生长抑素受体阳性肿瘤显像剂提供了实验依据。     

18F-FDG放射化学纯度分析方法的建立及方法不确定度的评定

建立了¹⁸F-FDG放射化学纯度的分析方法。以丙酮-水（体积比为50∶20）为展开剂,用2%KAlSO₄溶液处理的Whatman No.1纸为固定相, ¹⁸F^-的R_f＝0,¹⁸F-FDG的R_f＝0.78,方法的相对标准偏差小于1%。本方法简便、快速,适用于¹⁸F-FDG注射液的放射化学纯度分析。对放射化学纯度分析方法的不确定度进行了初步评定,本方法的扩展不确定度u＝0.199 1,u由合成不确定度u_c＝0.095 00及包含因子k＝2.096而得。     

~(18)F-FDG和~(18)F-NaF示踪剂在大鼠经脉的microPET显像

探讨利用微型正电子发射断层显像(micro positron emission tomography system,microPET)显示示踪剂在足三里穴位注射后沿经脉走行的循经迁移线。分别将0.03~0.1mL 200~300uCi的~(18)F-氟化钠和~(18)F-FDG注入大鼠足三里穴位,分别进行microPET图像和CT图像采集,将microPET图像和CT图像融合并重建融合后的三维图像。结果表明:~(18)F-FDG与~(18)F氟化钠均能显示循经迁移线,但~(18)F-氟化钠的骨骼摄取明显,~(18)F-FDG优于~(18)F-氟化钠在经脉中的显像,表明~(18)F-FDG更适合用于经脉显像。     

PET显像剂~(18)F-氟化钠的制备、作用机制和临床应用

~(18)F-氟化钠是一种正电子发射计算机断层显像(PET)药物,主要用于成骨性反应活跃的骨疾病、尤其是恶性肿瘤骨转移的诊断。~(18)F-氟化钠PET骨显像具有高灵敏度和高特异性的特点,能更早发现99 Tcm-亚甲基二膦酸盐(99 Tcm-MDP)单光子发射计算机断层显像(SPECT)不能探测到的病灶。这对肿瘤治疗方案的选择和预后判断具有重要的临床意义。另外,18 F-氟化钠也能够有效鉴别破裂高风险的冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块。本工作就PET显像剂~(18)F-氟化钠的制备、质量控制、药理作用、辐射安全和临床应用作出综述。     

18F-FDG符合显像在肿瘤诊断的应用研究

目的：研究^18F—FDG符合显像在肿瘤诊断中的应用价值。方法：回顾性收集101例临床怀疑肿瘤患者进行术前^18F—FDG符合显像,通过视觉分析及靶／本比半定量分析获得诊断结果,与术后病理结果比较。结果：^18F—FDG符合显像探测肿瘤的灵敏度为84．6l％,特异性为78．26％,准确性为83．1％;对病灶≤2cm患者,探测灵敏度80％,特异性为100％,准确性为82．35％。T／N≥2．0为阳性诊断标准,计算灵敏度85．90％,特异性为82．61％,准确性为85．15％。视觉分析与半定量分析相结合分析,诊断灵敏度88．50％,特异性为87．0％,准确性为88．11％。结论：^18F—FDG符合显像对肿瘤诊断具有较高的应用价值,视觉分析及靶／本比半定量分析相结合可提高临床诊断的准确性。     

叶酸受体PET显像剂18F-叶酸对氟苯乙酮酯的合成

在冷试验确定最佳反应条件、鉴定反应产物的基础上,对硝基苯乙酮采用亲核法进行18F标记,经溴代、酯化将标记物与叶酸偶联,生成18F-叶酸对氟苯乙酮酯,实现叶酸的18F标记.18F-叶酸对氟苯乙酮酯与叶酸结合蛋白的结合特性及在荷瘤裸鼠体内的分布结果显示:18F-叶酸对氟苯乙酮酯能够与叶酸的结合蛋白β-乳球蛋白特异性结合,在荷瘤裸鼠的肿瘤组织有聚集现象.表明合成的18F-叶酸对氟苯乙酮酯标记率高、稳定性好,且由于不直接对叶酸分子进行氟标记,避免了高温对结构的破坏.合成的衍生物能够与β-乳球蛋白特异结合.通过肿瘤表面过度表达的叶酸受体介导,浓集于肿瘤组织,用于肿瘤的PET显像.     

~(18)F-Fallypride的比活度对多巴胺D_2受体显像的影响

采用亲核反应制备~(18)F-Fallypride。将不同浓度的~(19)F-Fallypride与~(18)F-Fallypride混匀模拟比活度变化,经尾静脉注射正常小鼠(3.7 MBq)后10min行Micro PET显像,勾画纹状体为感兴趣区域,计算其摄取~(18)F-Fallypride的变化。结果表明,各组纹状体摄取~(18)F-Fallypride的量随比活度降低而降低,摄取值与19F-Fallypride的浓度对数呈S型曲线变化。~(18)F-Fallypride的比活度不低于1.35PBq/mol时,可保证~(18)F-Fallypride PET显像的准确性。结果可见,~(18)F-Fallypride比活度是多巴胺D2受体显像的重要影响因素。     

(N-[18F]氟甲基)胆碱的半自动合成和无菌型炎症PET显像评价

通过对现有的合成模块进行改进,实现了(N-[¹⁸F]氟甲基)胆碱（¹⁸F-FCH）的半自动合成,并用其进行了无菌型炎症PET显像。以CH₂Br₂为前体,经过氟化反应制备甲基化试剂¹⁸FCH₂Br,在柱与N, N-二甲基乙醇胺进行反应,并经过Sep Pak tC18和Sep Pak CM小柱联用纯化的方法,得到放化纯度大于95%的¹⁸F-FCH注射液,放化产率为12%±2%（n=3,按¹⁸F^-计算,未校正）,放化合成时间为35 min。PET显像表明,肌肉注射0.2 mL松节油,4天后形成的炎症模型具有¹⁸F-FDG最高摄取,而¹⁸F-FCH在炎症处具有轻度的放射性浓聚,因此在¹⁸F-FCH肿瘤显像时应考虑炎症的可能性。     

Full Automated Synthesis of18F-FDOPA and Preliminary PET/CT Imaging

¹⁸F-fluoro-L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (¹⁸F-FDOPA) as a dopamine neurotransmitter imaging agent has been widely used for diagnosis and therapy evaluation of Parkinson's disease, brain tumors and neuroendocrine diseases with positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in clinical setting and research. To meet the increasing clinical demand in oncology and neurology, a routine protocol for the automated synthesis of¹⁸F-FDOPA with a disposable cassette system on an imported multifunctional synthesizer was studied and discussed.¹⁸F-FDOPA was automatically synthesized via a multiple-step reaction, including fluorination, reduction, iodization alkylation and hydrolysis, following purification by using a semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system which was built in the multifunctional synthesizer. After HPLC purification, the purified¹⁸F-FDOPA solution was collected and passed through a sterilizing filter into a collection bottle. The final¹⁸F-FDOPA injection was obtained for quality control (QC) determination. The QC indexes of the final products were detected： the injection was colorless and transparent, pH value was at 4 to 5.5, radiochemical purity >98%, radionuclide purity >99%, specific activity >1.9 GBq/μmol, K_2.2.2 content <50 mg/L, methanol content <0.01%, alcohol content <0.01%, dichloromethane content <0.01 mg/L, dimethylformamide content <15 mg/L, bacterial endotoxin test <0.100 EU/mL, sterility test 0 cfu/mL,and abnormal toxicity test was negative. PET/CT imaging of rats was performed by intravenous injection of¹⁸F-FDOPA half an hour after the intraperitoneal injection of carbidopa, PET/CT scan was performed after 100 min post-injection. The imaging of¹⁸F-FDOPA showed symmetry high uptake in the bilateral striatum of normal rats. The decay-corrected radiochemical yield of¹⁸F-FDOPA from the¹⁸F-fluoride was (63.1±3.8)% (n=10) at the end of synthesis (EOS), the radiochemical purity was no less than 98%, and the total radiosynthesis time was within 80 min. The quality control results demonstrated that the quality indexes of the final injection solution met the relevant requirements of radiopharmaceutlcals, which were well-suited for clinical application. An efficient and high reproducible automatic method for the radiosynthesis of¹⁸F-FDOPA with high radiochemical yields and good radiochemical purity is obtained and performed via a multi-step reaction on the multifunctional synthesizer.¹⁸F-FDOPA can be used for animal and human PET imaging.     

PET显像剂18F-FLT的合成条件优化

以MTR-Nos-Boc-LT（3-N-Boc-5-DMTr-3-Nos-2-脱氧-β-D-胸腺嘧啶核苷）为前体,利用季铵盐为相转移催化剂,采用质子溶剂,摸索更优的¹⁸FLT合成方法。并就合成的¹⁸FLT进行肿瘤鼠的MicroPET扫描。研究结果显示,季铵盐可以取代K_2.2.2/K₂CO₃体系,将QMA柱上的¹⁸F洗脱,并且是很好的相转移催化剂,氟化反应中加入质子溶剂,¹⁸FLT的放化纯度大于95%,不矫正合成效率为50%。     

~(18)F-乙基胆碱(~(18)F-FECH)合成新工艺

~(18)F-甲基胆碱(~(18)F-FCH)和~(18)F-乙基胆碱(~(18)F-FECH),是两种重要的~(18)F标记的胆碱类似物,它们既被磷酸激酶磷酸化,又参与膜磷脂的合成,广泛应用于正电子发射计算机断层显像(PET-CT)检查,在肿瘤诊断中具有十分重要的作用。但普遍存在合成产率不高、不稳定或者使用对皮肤具有腐蚀性的三氟甲磺酸银(triflate-Ag),为合成操作和临床应用带来不便。本工作以2-溴三氟甲磺酸乙酯(BrC_2H_4OTf)与~(18)F-反应生成BrC_2H_4~(18)F,再与N,N-二甲基乙醇胺反应,纯化后得到产品。改变了传统工艺中以价格比较昂贵的TsOCH_2CH_2TsO为原料的方法,避免腐蚀性较强的三氟甲磺酸银(triflate-Ag)柱的CH_2Br_2的方法。反应过程温和,各个反应步骤容易控制,对合成模块设备的要求较低,合成时间短,利于~(18)F-乙基胆碱(~(18)F-FECH)的临床应用。     

Preparation andBiodistribution of Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Agent 18F-TPT

⁹⁹Tc^m-sestamibi is typically used as amyocardial perfusion imaging agent for SPECT, however, the high uptake of liverand lung compromise the diagnostic accuracy. PET has higher spatial resolutionand quantitative measurement of myocardial tracer uptake. The lipophiliccationic compound, (4-[¹⁸F]fluorophenyl)triphenylphosphoniumion (¹⁸F-TPT)was synthesized as a potential positron emission tomography (PET) myocardialperfusion agent, biodistribution studies in the NH rats and Micro PET/CTimaging studies in the SD rats were performed. Total synthesis time was about 1h and the uncorrected synthesis yield was 2.5%, radiochemical purity was higherthan 99.5%, the product had good stability at room temperature. Biodistributiondata in rats showed high levels of accumulation in the heart with stableretention and rapid blood clearance, Heart-to-liver ratios at 30, 60, 90,and120 min were 33.1, 14.8, 25.7 and 17.3, respectively; Micro PET/CT imagingin the SD rat showed intense cardiac uptake and non-target tissues as liver,lung uptake were washed out quickly. The result show that ¹⁸F-TPT may have potential as amyocardial perfusion imaging agent for PET.     

Preparation and Clinical Application of 18F-DCFPyL

¹⁸F-DCFPyL, a PSMA-based PET imaging agent for prostate cancer, was auto synthesized and evaluated. Following the direct nucleophilic heteroaromatic substitution with ［¹⁸F］fluoride at the ortho-position of precursor, the deprotection of the ester moieties of the intermediate with different acids was attempted to obtain a good hydrolysis yield. The biodistribution in normal NIH mice and PET/CT imaging for a patient with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer were also performed. The results showed that no remarkable discrepancy of the hydrolysis efficiency was found among three kinds of acids, H₃PO₄, HCl and HI, which were 17.1%, 16.9% and 18.4%, respectively with a specific activity of 54 to 90 GBq/μmol. The highest levels of radioactivity in the NIH mice were observed in the kidneys. Meanwhile, the uptake of the tracer in the blood was declined rapidly and a low accumulation of the radio-tracer was observed in most of the other organs. ¹⁸F-DCFPyL PET imaging for a postoperative patient with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer can detect small metastatic foci that can not be detected by the CT. ¹⁸F-DCFPyL was synthesized reliably and repeatedly by domestic synthesis module and it passed the quality control. It has satisfactory properties in vivo and is probably suitable for early diagnosis of prostate cancer and detection of lesions in patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer.     

Batch Recycle Purification Technological Process of18O-H2O Wate

A batch purification technological process for¹⁸O-H₂O recycled water is established. The impurities was analyzed firstly. The bacteria and endotoxin in¹⁸O-H₂O recycled water could be removed by ultraviolet sterilize rand sterile membrane, and soluble impurities removed by multiple cryogenic distillation. This process makes indicators meet the accelerator pharmaceutical production requirements, together with high target and synthesis efficiency. This process, which takes advantages of¹⁸O-H₂O recycled water produced by accelerator, reduces the cost significantly and utilizes the resources reasonably and efficiently.     

Preparation and Biological Evaluation of Novel 18F-labeled Phosphonuim Cation for Myocardial Perfusion Imaging with PET

In order to develop new PET myocardial perfusion imaging agent, a novel¹⁸F labeled phosphonium cation: (3-(［¹⁸F］fluoromethyl)benzyl) tris (2, 6-dimethoxyphenyl) phosphonium salt, ¹⁸F-2, had been designed and prepared. Biological evaluation of¹⁸F-2 had been performed in Kunming normal mice.¹⁸F-2 was obtained by a simple one-pot method and the radiochemical yield was (31±3)%. The total radio-synthesis time was less than 60 min and the radiochemical purity of final radiotracer was more than 95%. The biodistribution of¹⁸F-2 displayed a high heart uptake and good retention. The heart uptake of¹⁸F-2 at 5 and 60 min post-injection were (53.88±7.45)%ID/g and (23.93±3.28)%ID/g, respectively.¹⁸F-2 exhibited low radio-accumulation in non-target tissues and rapid clearance in liver, lung and blood. The heart to liver, heart to lungs and heart to blood ratio values were 3.99, 3.80 and 9.17, respectively. The results indicated that¹⁸F-2 could be as a promising myocardial perfusion imaging agent for PET imaging.     

18F标记非甾体类孕酮受体显像剂的制备

孕酮受体（PR）在乳腺癌中的水平可对乳腺癌的激素治疗进行预测和指导。5-［4-(3-氟丙基)-4-甲基-2-氧-1,4-二氢-2H-苯并［d］［1,3］口恶嗪-6-基］-1H-吡咯-2-甲腈（¹⁹FPr-Tanaproget）是Tanaproget的衍生物,它作为孕酮受体激动剂,对PR有高选择性和高亲和性,用放射性核素¹⁸F标记、正电子发射断层（PET）技术显像,可通过检测PR的情况,对乳腺癌进行诊断、治疗和预后评估。本实验以自制的氟标记前体,先合成了参比化合物¹⁹FPr-Tanaproget,再在氟多功能模块上合成了¹⁸FPr-Tanaproget,经Sep-Pak C-18柱和HPLC分离得到放化纯大于97%的产物。室温下在水中和血清中分别放置6h,放化纯仍大于95%。对标记率影响因素进行了优化,结果显示,最佳标记温度、时间、前体浓度分别为100℃、35min和32.7mmol/L,此条件下总的合成时间为45min,放化产率可达到10.9%（已校正）。