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层燃燃煤锅炉改烧生物质燃料引起的事故分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
分析了金华地区发生的数例层燃燃煤锅炉改烧生物质燃料引起的后管板渗漏事故的原因:DZL型层燃燃煤锅炉改造为烧木屑、稻壳等生物质燃料后,燃烧由层燃为主变为室燃为主,原锅炉的炉膛形状、结构及受热面布置将不能适应生物质燃料燃烧要求。提出了一些预防及改进措施,例如可增加炉膛容积、设置前置燃烧室或者在炉膛内增加辐射受热面和对流受热面,减小炉膛出口的喉口面积等。 相似文献
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生物质燃料在燃煤锅炉上直接燃烧的试验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在1台燃煤锅炉上进行了生物质燃料燃烧试验和与燃煤的对比试验。结果显示,燃煤锅炉须经改造才能适应生物质燃料。生物质燃料与燃煤比较,不论燃料性质、燃烧现象、结焦特性、对炉膛的要求等方面都不同。生物质燃料燃烧时出现了不低于1 300℃高温区域和较高的NOx排放,与文献报道差别较大。 相似文献
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分析了金华地区发生的数例层燃煤锅炉改烧生物质燃料引起的后管板渗漏事故的原因:DZL型层燃煤锅炉改造为烧木屑、稻壳等生物质燃料后,燃烧由层燃为主变为室燃为主,原锅炉的炉膛形状、结构及受热面布置将不能适应生物质燃料燃烧要求。提出了一些预防及改进措施,例如可增加炉膛容积、设置前置燃烧室或者在炉膛内增加辐射受热面和对流受热面,减小炉膛出口的喉口面积等。 相似文献
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根据生物质颗粒燃料的燃烧特性设计制造直燃式生物质工业锅炉,对直燃式生物质工业锅炉的常见燃烧方式、生物质层燃锅炉的一些独特结构进行分析探讨,有助于燃生物质颗粒锅炉性能的完善和提高。 相似文献
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燃煤粉锅炉,主要适用于燃烧反应低的无烟煤和贫煤的混合煤质,其结构与常规燃煤锅炉不同,易于实现燃烧过程的多级配风。即可控制着火阶段的着火温度,又可加强燃烧后的混合,促进低反应燃料的燃烬,这样强化了稳燃条件,在烧无烟煤和贫煤的混合煤时。 相似文献
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生物质能的开发利用越来越受到国际关注。在我国北方地区还有大量玉米秸秆没有得到能源化利用,小型锅炉作为生物质能转化装备其关键技术还有待突破与完善。为解决小型锅炉燃用玉米秸秆颗粒燃料过程中出现的问题,分析了燃用玉米秸秆颗粒燃料的小型锅炉燃烧室结构合理性设计的要求,设计了由象鼻状前炉拱和阶梯状火床组成的燃烧室结构,使玉米秸秆颗粒燃料的燃烧在燃烧室内分为气体燃烧区域和固体燃烧区域。经过在10kW热水锅炉燃烧玉米秸秆颗粒燃料的热工实验检验,该燃烧室结构解决了小型生物质锅炉焦油污染、燃烧不完全、不稳定以及玉米秸秆颗粒燃料灰渣结焦问题,为玉米秸秆能源化利用开辟了新途径。 相似文献
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从理论和实践两方面,对中小容量燃煤锅炉自身的燃烧特性进行了研究和讨论。研究表明:无论火床燃烧或煤粉燃烧,随着锅炉容量D的减小,锅炉炉膛相对散热比表面积迅速增加,燃烧强度明显下降,燃料着火、燃烧和燃尽条件恶化,锅炉热效率下降。因此对中小容量锅炉必须在技术、管理和运行方面进行综合优化和集成创新,才可能实现节能新突破。文中还对当前严重影响中小型燃煤锅炉节能的几个突出问题进行了讨论,并提出了建议。 相似文献
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燃煤电站锅炉飞灰含碳量偏高的原因分析与解决措施 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在燃煤电站锅炉中 ,当煤粉不能进行完全燃烧时 ,将造成飞灰含碳量的升高。从煤粉细度、煤种特性、燃烧器的结构特性、热风温度、炉内空气动力场和锅炉负荷等方面分析了对飞灰含碳量变化的影响机理 ,指出了飞灰含碳量升高所造成的影响 ,并提出了维持锅炉稳定燃烧 ,降低飞灰含碳量 ,提高锅炉效率的有效措施。 相似文献
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为研究煤粉锅炉微富氧燃烧改造的可行性,本研究对某企业热电事业部1台200 t/h高压煤粉锅炉进行了微富氧条件下的热力计算、数值模拟以及经济性分析。其中,数学模型的可靠性通过对比炉膛温度的测试数据与模拟数据(相对误差小于5%)进行了验证。研究结果表明:采用微富氧燃烧可以提高锅炉效率,在最大通氧率下锅炉效率提升了0.408 7%;煤的燃烧更加充分,炉膛内燃烧温度提高但不会烧坏燃烧器;采用工业流程中富余氧气进行微富氧燃烧改造可以降低锅炉运行成本,预计年节省开支104.53万元。总之,煤粉锅炉微富氧燃烧改造费用较低,易于实施,对于提升现有煤粉锅炉性能具有重要作用。 相似文献
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为有效评价生物质气化耦合燃煤锅炉系统能量转换过程,分析该系统的节能潜力,以某10 MW循环流化床生物质气化炉耦合大型超临界燃煤机组为例,建立了该耦合系统的火用分析控制体模型,利用Aspen plus平台对该系统实际运行过程进行火用平衡分析。结果表明:当前运行工况下,生物质气化过程火用损失是耦合系统最大的火用损失,达到42.28%,其次是可燃气体在燃煤锅炉内的燃烧及传热过程,为25.32%。因此系统运行过程中应采取优化运行措施,减小气化过程火用损失,同时气化炉应尽量与高参数的大型机组耦合运行,可燃气体选取在燃煤锅炉合适位置输入,以保证充分燃烧。 相似文献
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针对某电厂420 t/h四角切圆煤粉炉进行掺烧污泥的改造,根据煤与污泥掺混后在煤粉炉上的着火、稳燃、结渣等特性分析了煤粉炉掺烧干化污泥的可行性,并利用火用平衡分析方法对煤粉炉掺混不同比例、不同含水率污泥时锅炉效率及各受热面火用损情况进行了分析。结果表明,当污泥掺混比例小于1∶4时,泥煤混合燃烧特性与煤相似,且火用效率略大;污泥掺混大于该比例后,其灰熔点下降明显,有明显结渣倾向,且排烟损失显著增加。以上研究结果可为电厂掺烧干化污泥的可行性提供了必要的实验和理论依据。 相似文献
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对福建省锅炉炉渣余热回收可行性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
叙述了福建省锅炉炉渣余热回收可行性研究的背景,进行了换热设备的可行性研究,分析了经济上的合理性,得出该炉渣余热回收技术是确实可行 相似文献
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Lawrence A. Ruth 《Progress in Energy and Combustion Science》1998,24(6):545-564
The conversion of municipal solid waste (MSW) to energy can conserve more valuable fuels and improve the environment by lessening the amount of waste that must be landfilled and by conserving energy and natural resources. The importance of utilizing MSW was recognized in the 1991 U.S. National Energy Strategy, which sought to “support the conversion of municipal solid waste to energy.” One route to utilizing the energy value of MSW is to burn it in a steam power plant to generate electricity. Coal has long been the predominant source of energy for electricity production in the U.S.; therefore, a considerable science and technology base related to coal combustion and emissions control can be, and has been, applied with substantial benefit to MSW combustion. This paper compares the combustion of coal and MSW in terms of fuel characteristics, combustion technology, emissions, and ash utilization/disposal. Co-combustion of coal and MSW is also discussed. MSW issues that can be addressed by research and development are provided.The major environmental issues that designers of MSW combustion systems have had to address are emissions of trace organic compounds, particularly polychlorinated dioxins and furans, and trace elements such as mercury, lead, and cadmium. Emission of trace organics is generally the result of a poorly designed and/or operated combustion system; modern MSW systems use good combustion practices that destroy organic compounds during the combustion process. Proper control of air/fuel mixing and temperature, and avoidance of “quench” zones in the furnace, help to ensure that potentially harmful organics are not emitted. Computer codes and other design and troubleshooting tools that were developed for coal combustion systems have been applied to improve the performance of waste-to-energy systems.Trace element emissions from both coal and MSW combustion result primarily from vaporization of elements during the combustion process. Most of the trace elements that are vaporized condense on fly ash as the combustion products cool downstream of the furnace and can be effectively controlled by using an efficient particulate removal device. However, volatile elements, particularly mercury, are emitted as a vapor. Several mechanisms are available to capture mercury vapor and some are in use. The development of satisfactory control technology for mercury is a topic currently of high interest in coal burning.The potential for leaching of trace elements and organics from MSW residues after disposal raises issues about the classification and management of ash. Results of laboratory leaching tests, especially for lead and cadmium, have not been consistently supported by field experience. Careful interpretation of the available test protocols is needed to make sure that residues are properly managed.Because of the large scale of coal-fired boilers for electricity production, co-firing of MSW with coal in such boilers could consume large quantities of waste. Several short-term demonstrations have shown that co-firing is feasible. The issues involved in co-firing are emissions of trace elements, trace organics, and acid gases; boiler slagging and fouling; and long-term effects, such as corrosion and erosion of boiler tubes.Areas where research and development has contributed to improved MSW combustion include (a) the formation mechanisms of polychlorinated dioxins/furans, especially low-temperature, catalytic mechanisms, (b) methods of combustion air distribution in incinerators that result in better combustion and reduced emission of organic compounds, (c) the use of gas reburning to control NOx and reduce emission of organic compounds, (d) practical methods for removing organic compounds and mercury from MSW flue gas, (e) the performance of electrostatic precipitators in removing MSW fly ash, particularly when co-firing MSW and coal in existing coal-fired boilers, and (f) burning MSW in fluidized beds or of pulverizing refuse-derived fuel and firing it in suspension-fired, pulverized coal boilers. 相似文献