纳米SiO2提高航天器环氧树脂抗原子氧剥蚀性能的试验研究

为解决航天器用聚合物受原子氧剥蚀严重的问题,把一种不与原子氧反应的纳米SiO2加入到常用的环氧树脂基体中,以提高材料的抗原子氧剥蚀性能.通过对所制备SiO2/环氧树脂复合材料试样的原子氧效应地面模拟试验发现,添加纳米SiO2后,环氧树脂试样的抗原子氧剥蚀性能得到了明显的改善,原子氧效应试验质量损失和剥蚀率显著减小.通过对试验前后试样表面成分、表面结构的分析得出结论,由于SiO2不与原子氧反应,同时纳米材料还具有很高的表面活性,它与树脂可能会发生聚合,在其内部形成一些能够抵抗原子氧剥蚀的新结构.这可能是添加纳米SiO2能够提高环氧树脂抗原子氧剥蚀性能的主要原因之一.     

纳米填充环氧树脂/玻璃纤维复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

分别将纳米三氧化二铝（Al2O3）、纳米二氧化钛（TiO2）、纳米二氧化硅（SiO2）颗粒和碳纳米管(CNTs)填充到环氧树脂(EP)/玻璃纤维(GF)复合材料中,制备了纳米填充EP/GF复合材料,GF的体积含量为30 %。用环块摩擦试验机研究了纳米填充物对EP/GF复合材料的摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明,1.0 %（质量分数,下同）的CNTs能够较大幅度地降低复合材料的摩擦因数和磨损率,而纳米Al2O3、纳米TiO2和纳米SiO2颗粒可以明显提高复合材料的耐磨损性能。     

纳米SiO2对环氧树脂粘接剂改性的研究

本文按照无机纳米微粒改性聚合物的理论，用混合法将纳米SiO2对环氧树脂粘接剂进行了改性试验。在不同程度上取得了提高环氧树脂粘接剂多项性能的良好结果。说明用无机纳米微粒改性环氧树脂粘接剂是一个行之有效的好方法。     

纳米SiO2/竹纤维/环氧树脂复合材料性能研究

将竹纤维加入到环氧树脂中以形成增强环氧复合材料,研究了竹纤维竹粉和纳米二氧化硅（SiO2）对环氧树脂的力学性能和耐溶剂浸蚀性能的影响。竹纤维含量为15%时,竹纤维/环氧树脂的冲击强度比纯环氧树脂提高50%。纳米SiO2能同时增强和增韧竹纤维/环氧树脂,并提高其耐溶剂浸蚀性能,纳米SiO2含量为4%时,纳米SiO2/竹纤维/环氧树脂三元复合材料的冲击和拉伸强度分别比未添加纳米SiO2的竹纤维/环氧树脂提高40%和30%。当纳米SiO2/竹纤维/环氧树脂的质量比为4/15/85时,三元复合材料的综合性能较好。     

纳米SiO_2环氧树脂复合材料性能研究

以纳米SiO2 作为增强材料 ,制备纳米复合材料 ,研究了表面处理及不同的纳米含量对纳米复合材料性能的影响 ,采用透射电镜对纳米SiO2 粒子的分布进行了表征。结果表明 ,SiO2 处理与否 ,纳米SiO2 均可以在环氧树脂中分散 ,SiO2 表面处理后 ,纳米SiO2 复合材料性能得到提高。纳米SiO2 可以使环氧树脂增刚、增强、增韧     

纳米Si02改性丙烯酸酯乳液的工艺研究

采用水溶性环氧树脂对纳米SiO2进行化学改性，有效改善了纳米SiO2的表面性能。通过原位聚合法和共混法制备纳米SiO2／聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液，发现纳米SiO2的加入明显改善了涂膜的硬度、附着力、拉伸强度和耐候性，原位聚合法制备的复合乳液综合性能优于共混法。     

用纳米SiO2改进环氧树脂胶粘剂性能的研究

对用无机纳米微粒改性环氧树脂胶粘剂的理论依据、无机纳米微粒的分散原理进行了分析和叙述。依据此理论,用混合法将纳米SiO2对环氧树脂胶粘剂进行了改性试验,取得了提高环氧树脂胶粘剂多项性能的良好结果。说明用无机纳米微粒改性环氧树脂胶粘剂是一个行之有效的方法。     

粒子分散性对环氧树脂/纳米SiO2材料性能的影响

通过原位分散聚合法制得了环氧树脂／纳米SiO2复合材料。采用超声波和偶联剂改善了纳米SiO2在基体中的分散性，利用拉伸实验、冲击实验、扫描电子显微镜、热重法等方法研究了粒子分散性对复合材料结构和性能的影响。结果表明：超声波和偶联剂都能使纳米SiO2均匀地分散在环氧树脂基体中，有效地增加复合材料的力学强度及韧性，并能提高材料的耐热性。对于提高纳米SiO2在环氧树脂中的分散均匀性，超声波的作用优于偶联剂。     

环氧树脂/稻壳SiO2纳米复合材料的热性能及拉伸性能研究

将稻壳用酸处理后在600 ℃焚烧得到纯度为99.3%、比表面积为212 m2/g的SiO2。经硅烷偶联剂γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷（KH550）改性后的SiO2为无定形态,尺寸在30~50 nm之间。将改性后的稻壳SiO2与环氧树脂复合,利用热分析方法考察了纳米复合材料在N2气氛中的热性能,并采用万能材料试验机测试其拉伸性能。结果表明：稻壳SiO2的加入能有效增加环氧树脂/稻壳SiO2纳米复合材料的热稳定性,复合材料的起始分解温度（Ti）、分解速率最大时的温度（Tmax）以及失重50 %的分解温度（T50 %）均高于纯环氧树脂,并随稻壳SiO2含量的增加而增加。当环氧树脂/稻壳SiO2纳米复合材料的组成相同时,KH550改性的复合材料的Ti、Tmax和T50 %均比未经过KH550改性的高。随KH550用量增加,复合材料T50 %向高温方向移动。此外,复合材料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和模量也高于纯环氧树脂。     

纳米SiO2改性EP对基体力学性能和芳纶纤维/EP复合材料界面性能的影响

研究了纳米SiO2对环氧树脂(EP)基体力学性能的影响,并进一步采用对位芳纶纤维(F-12)增强环氧树脂,制备了NOL环复合材料,通过复合材料层间剪切性能测试考核了F-12与环氧树脂之间的界面粘接性能.结果表明:环氧树脂中添加适量的纳米SiO2能够有效提高环氧树脂浇注体的拉伸强度、拉伸弹性模量、冲击强度.纳米SiO2的加入,可以有效改善F-12与环氧树脂基体之间的界面粘接性能,降低复合材料的空隙率,F-12/纳米SiO2(6%)-EP复合材料的层间剪切强度(ILSS)提高约60.3%.     

纳米SiO2／双马来酰亚胺复合材料的性能研究

采用浇铸成型法制备了纳米SiO2粒子填充双马来酰亚胺(BMI-BA)复合材料，研究了纳米SiO2的填充量对复合材料滑动磨损性能的影响。在磨损机上测试该复合材料的摩擦和磨损性能，利用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了复合材料的磨损表面和对磨环的表面形貌。结果表明，纳米SiO2能够有效地提高复合材料的力学性能和摩擦学性能。当纳米SiO2粒子的添加量为0．75％(质量含量，下同)时，复合材料的综合力学性能最好；当纳米SiO2粒子的的添加量为1．0％时，复合材料的耐磨性能最好。SEM显示复合材料主要是黏着磨损，能在对磨环上形成薄而连续的均匀转移膜，而BMI-BA树脂主要发生的是疲劳磨损，并伴有塑性变形。     

The tribological behavior of micrometer and nanometer TiO2 particle‐filled poly(phthalazine ether sulfone ketone) composites

Micrometer and nanometer TiO₂ particle‐filled poly(phthalazine ether sulfone ketone) (PPESK) composites with various filler volume fractions from 0.5 to 7.5 vol % were prepared by heating compression molding. The friction and wear behaviors of the PPESK composites were evaluated using the block‐on‐ring test rig by sliding PPESK‐based composite blocks against a mild carbon steel ring under dry friction conditions. The wear debris and the worn surfaces of the PPESK composites filled with micrometer and nanometer TiO₂ particles were investigated by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), while the structures of PPESK composites and wear debris were analyzed with IR spectra. Experimental results show that antiwear properties of the PPESK composites can be improved greatly by filling nanometer TiO₂ particles, and the friction coefficient decreases when the filler volume fraction is below 2.5%, but when the filler volume fraction is above 2.5% the friction coefficient increases gradually with increasing filler volume fraction. In the case of micrometer TiO₂ filler, wear rates increase with increasing filler volume fractions under identical test conditions, and the friction coefficients are less sensitive to the filler volume fraction. It was also found that the wear mechanism of micrometer TiO₂ particle‐filled PPESK is mainly severe adhesion and abrasive wear, while that of nanometer TiO₂ particle‐filled PPESK is mainly slight abrasive wear. In the former case, there are no transfer film formed on the surface of the counterpart steel, and wear debris are in the form of long and large ribbon. While in the latter case, the wear debris was granule and their size was about 10 μm. In case of 1 vol % nanometer TiO₂ particle‐filled PPESK composites, the transfer film was fairly thinner and smoother, and the transfer film provided better coverage on the surface of steel ring, while that of 7.5 vol % was thicker and discrete. These account for the different friction and wear behavior of micrometer and nanometer TiO₂ particle‐filled PPESK composite. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 906–914, 2004     

Tribological and mechanical properties of carbon‐nanofiber‐filled polytetrafluoroethylene composites

The effects of various filler concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 wt %) on the tribological and mechanical properties of carbon‐nanofiber (CNF)‐filled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites were studied. Moreover, the influence of various loads (50, 100, 150, and 200 N) and sliding velocities (0.692 and 1.39 m/s) on the friction and wear behaviors of the PTFE composites was investigated. The results showed that the friction coefficients of the PTFE composites decreased initially up to a 0.5 wt % filler concentration and then increased, whereas the antiwear properties of the PTFE composites increased by 1–2 orders of magnitude in comparison with those of pure PTFE. The composite with a 2 wt % filler concentration had the best antiwear properties under all friction conditions. The friction coefficients of the CNF/PTFE composites decreased with increases in the load and sliding velocity, whereas the wear volume loss of the PTFE composites increased. At the same time, the results also indicated that the mechanical properties of the PTFE composites increased first up to a 1 wt % filler concentration and then decreased as the filler concentration was increased above 1 wt %. In comparison with pure PTFE, the impact strength, tensile strength, and elongation to break of the PTFE composites increased by 40, 20, and 70%, respectively, at a 1 wt % filler concentration. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2430–2437, 2007     

Mechanical and tribological properties of glass–epoxy composites with and without graphite particulate filler

The objectives of this research article is to evaluate the mechanical and tribological properties of glass‐fiber‐reinforced epoxy (G–E) composites with and without graphite particulate filler. The laminates were fabricated by a dry hand layup technique. The mechanical properties, including tensile strength, tensile modulus, elongation at break, and surface hardness, were investigated in accordance with ASTM standards. From the experimental investigation, we found that the tensile strength and dimensional stability of the G–E composite increased with increasing graphite content. The effect of filler content (0–7.5 wt %) and sliding distance on the friction and wear behavior of the graphite‐filled G–E composite systems were studied. Also, conventional weighing, determination of the coefficient of friction, and examination of the worn surface morphological features by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were done. A marginal increase in the coefficient of friction with sliding distance for the unfilled composites was noticed, but a slight reduction was noticed for the graphite‐filled composites. The 7.5% graphite‐filled G–E composite showed a lower friction coefficient for the sliding distances used. The wear loss of the composites decreased with increasing weight fraction of graphite filler and increased with increasing sliding distance. Failure mechanisms of the worn surfaces of the filled composites were established with SEM. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 2472–2480, 2007     

交联型PPS/纳米SiO2复合材料的力学与摩擦学性能研究

通过烧结压制成型制备了不同形貌的交联型聚苯硫醚(PPS)/纳米SiO2复合材料,并利用扫描电子显微镜对材料的磨损表面形貌和磨屑进行了观察和分析,研究了不同体积分数的纳米SiO2对PPS复合材料力学和摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明,纳米SiO2可以明显提高复合材料的硬度,并明显降低复合材料的摩擦系数;微孔形纳米SiO2比球形纳米SiO2对复合材料力学性能和摩擦磨损性能的影响更为显著,随着纳米SiO2填充量的增加,复合材料的磨损机理由粘着磨损向粘着转移和热挤出转化。     

纳米SiO2对先驱体浸渍裂解法制备SiCf/SiC复合材料力学性能的影响

以纳米SiO2为填料,采用先驱体浸渍裂解法制备2.5D-SiCf/SiC（D为维数,SiCf为SiC纤维）复合材料,研究了前驱液中纳米SiO2含量对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,纳米SiO2的添加能有效抑制先驱体裂解过程中的体积收缩,提高致密度,但过量引入易导致浸渍液黏度过高,浸渍效率降低。纳米SiO2含量对材料力学性能有较大影响,添加纳米SiO2后材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧性均高于没有添加的样品,材料抗弯强度随纳米SiO2含量的增加先增大后降低。当浸渍液中纳米SiO2含量为6%时,复合材料具有优异的力学性能,抗弯强度达到211.1MPa。     

Friction and wear behavior of basalt‐fabric‐reinforced/solid‐lubricant‐filled phenolic composites

To improve the tribological properties of basalt‐fabric‐reinforced phenolic composites, solid lubricants of MoS₂ and graphite were incorporated, and the tribological properties of the resulting basalt‐fabric composites were investigated on a model ring‐on‐block test rig under dry sliding conditions. The effects of the filler content, load, and sliding time on the tribological behavior of the basalt‐fabric composites were systematically examined. The morphologies of the worn surfaces and transfer films formed on the counterpart steel rings were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy. The experimental results reveal that the incorporation of MoS₂ significantly decreased the friction coefficient, whereas the inclusion of graphite improved the wear resistance remarkably. The results also indicate that the filled basalt‐fabric composites seemed to be more suitable for friction materials serving under higher loads. The transfer films formed on the counterpart surfaces during the friction process made contributions to the reduction of the friction coefficient and wear rate of the basalt‐fabric composites. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Friction and wear properties of C/C–SiC braking composites

Two series of C/C–SiC composites were fabricated via precursor infiltration pyrolysis (PIP) and chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) using porous C/C composites with different original densities as preforms, respectively. The tribological characteristics of C/C–SiC braking composites were investigated by means of MM-1000 type of friction testing machine. The friction and wear behaviors of the two series of composites were compared and the factors that influence the friction and wear properties of C/C–SiC composites were discussed. Results show that the friction and wear properties relate close-knit to the content of SiC and porosity. As the original preform density increasing, the content of SiC and porosity decrease, and then the friction coefficient increases obviously, the braking time and the wear rate both decrease. Preparation techniques play an important role in the tribological properties of C/C–SiC composites. Compared with PIP process, the samples from CVI have a little higher friction coefficient, shorter braking time and higher wear rate.     

Effect of several solid lubricants on the mechanical and tribological properties of phenolic resin‐based composites

The flake graphite, polytetrafluoroethylene, and molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) filled phenolic resin‐based composites were prepared by hot press molding. The thermal, mechanical, and tribological properties of composites were studied systematically. The morphologies of the worn surfaces and the change of chemical compositions during the sliding process of the composites were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. It was found that the heat‐resisting performance and the hardness of the composites are less affected by solid lubricants, while the solid lubricants did harm to the flexural strength of the composites. The friction and wear behaviors of composites highly depended on the volume fractions of solid lubricants and the sliding conditions. The wear resistance increases and the coefficient of friction decreases when the filler load increases. In addition, the appropriate content of solid lubricants is beneficial to reducing the sensitivities of the composites to load and sliding speed. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:2203–2211, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Tribological application of carbon nanotubes in a metal-based composite coating and composites

Ni-P-carbon nanotube (CNT) composite coating and carbon nanotube/copper matrix composites were prepared by electroless plating and powder metallurgy techniques, respectively. The effects of CNTs on the tribological properties of these composites were evaluated. The results demonstrated that the Ni-P-CNT electroless composite coating exhibited higher wear resistance and lower friction coefficient than Ni-P-SiC and Ni-P-graphite composite coatings. After annealing at 673 K for 2 h, the wear resistance of the Ni-P-CNT composite coating was improved. Carbon nanotube/copper matrix composites revealed a lower wear rate and friction coefficient compared with pure copper, and their wear rates and friction coefficients showed a decreasing trend with increasing volume fraction of CNTs within the range from 0 to 12 vol.% due to the effects of the reinforcement and reduced friction of CNTs. The favorable effects of CNTs on the tribological properties are attributed to improved mechanical properties and unique topological structure of the hollow nanotubes.