防止电厂输灰水污染及输灰管结垢的方法

一、概述输灰水是电厂污水中数量最大的部分,也是对环境的主要污染源.灰水 pH 值超标是造成污染的主要原因。据对全国127个电厂调查,每年输灰水总量约为514(?)10~6t.其中56.5%的 pH 值超过9.0的排放标准。输灰水 pH 值高又使输灰管在运行中不断有 CaCO,沉积在管壁上,使流通截面变小,阻力增大,流量减小,直至输灰管不能正常工作。因此,必须设法降低输灰水的 pH 值,防止对环境的污染,消除辅灰管结垢,以保证电厂的安全运行。     

锅炉除尘冲灰系统的节水实践

本文介绍了锅炉车间通过技术改造，对锅炉除尘冲灰系统中的冲灰水进行闭路循环，重复利用，减少废水排放，节约生产成本的实践。     

灰水闭路循环技术方案优化及效益研究

燃煤电厂锅炉灰水闭路循环以其突出的节水、节电能力及环保优势 ,为众多的电厂所关注。本文分析了仪征化纤热电厂水力冲灰系统的现状 ,提出灰水闭路循环优化方案 ,并对其效益情况作了分析。     

燃煤电厂除灰—脱硫系统一体化工艺研究

研究了燃煤电厂除灰－脱硫系统一体化工艺及对其防止除灰系统结垢和降低冲灰废水ｐＨ值的作用，并讨论了该工艺工业化应用的可行性。     

干灰碾压贮灰场设计与运行中几个问题的探讨

电力工业的迅速发展，使电厂灰渣排放量剧增，灰渣即时的综合利用仅一小部分，大部分灰渣贮存亟待解决。以调剂综合利用量，改善贮灰场对环境的污染，节约土地及水资源，降低基建投资的新的贮灰方式－干灰调湿碾压贮灰技术正得到发展。本文即对干灰碾压贮灰场设计与运行管理中部分关键问题进行探讨。     

燃煤电厂除灰-脱硫系统一体化r艺研究

研究了燃煤电厂除灰-脱硫系统一体化工艺及其对防止除灰系统结垢和降低冲灰废水pH值的作用,并讨论了该工艺工业化应用的可行性.图2表3参4     

干灰碾压贮灰场设计与运行中几个问题的探讨

电力工业的迅速发展，使电厂灰渣排放量剧增，灰渣即时的综合利用仅一小部分，大部分灰渣贮存亟待解决。以调剂综合利用量，改善贮灰场对环境的污染，节约土地及水资源，降低基建投资的新的贮灰方式──干灰调湿碾压贮灰技术正得到发展。本文即对干灰碾压贮灰场设计与运行管理中部分关键问题进行探讨。     

水力输灰系统的结垢研究

针对电厂灰中氧化钙含量丰富的神府东胜煤进行了水力输灰系统的结垢系统，探讨了水力输灰系统的结垢机理、灰静态溶出特性并开展了结垢的动态模拟试验研究。在结垢的动态模拟试验研究中，我们分别分析了如下影响因素：灰成份，管道材质，灰水流速，输灰水回收率，灰水在灰库的停留时间，灰水在输灰管中的运行时间以及沿程情况对结垢的影响。研究结果对水力输灰系统的设计与应用具有一定参考价值。     

锅炉受热面灰污染问题的几点分析

锅炉受热面灰污染问题是影响锅炉设计和运行的重要因素之一 ,本文主要从灰污染形成机理的角度出发 ,对锅炉行业常用的几项判断灰污染倾向和严重程度的指标以及清灰剂的选用进行了分析     

基于三角模糊数的湖北省灰水足迹评价

为解决传统灰水足迹模型污染物容许限值不确定性的问题,基于三角模糊数理论,建立了改进的灰水足迹模型和污染风险评估模型,并将其应用于湖北省的灰水足迹评估中.结果 表明,2017年,湖北省COD、总氮、氨氮、总磷的灰水足迹依次为三角模糊数(129.8×108,259.7×108,346.2×108)、(360×108,720...     

Statistical Tests for Prediction of Lignite Quality

Abstract

Domestic lignite from large, bucket wheel excavators based open pit mines is the main fuel for electricity generation in Greece. Lignite from one or more mines may arrive at any power plant stockyard. The mixture obtained constitutes the lignite fuel fed to the power plant. The fuel is sampled in regular time intervals. These samples are considered as results of observations of values of spatial random variables. The aim was to form and statistically test many small sample populations. Statistical tests on the values of the humidity content, the ash-water free content, and the lower heating value of the lignite fuel indicated that the sample values form a normal population. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was applied for testing goodness-of-fit of sample distribution for a three year period and different power plants of the Kozani-Ptolemais area, western Macedonia, Greece. The normal distribution hypothesis can be widely accepted for forecasting the distribution of values of the basic quality characteristics even for a small number of samples.     

内燃机车机油润滑系统的污染控制

从目前国内内燃机车机油润滑系统的污染现状入手,剖析了内燃机车机油润滑系统的污染来源及所造成的危害。从管理上和技术上探讨解决机油润滑系统污染问题进行有效控制的方法和措施。     

Exergy, economic & environmental (3E) analysis of inlet fogging for gas turbine power plant

In the present paper, the effects of inlet fogging system on the first and second law efficiencies are investigated for a typical power plant (Shahid Rajaee) which is located near Ghazvin in Iran. Also a new function is proposed for system optimization that includes the social cost of air pollution for power generating systems. The new function is based on the first law efficiency, energy cost and the external social cost of air pollution for an operational system. Social cost of air pollution is based on the negative effects of air pollution on the health of society and environment. The economic aspect of these effects is called external social cost of air pollution. Other pollution sources such as water, soil, etc. produced by an operational power generation system are ignored. The theoretical results obtained from the model are validated by registered practical performance results from Shahid Rajaee power plant. It is concluded that using of inlet fogging system, increases the average output power production, the first and the second law efficiencies through three months of year (June, July and August) by 7%, 5.5% and 6% respectively and reduces the objective function value by about 4%.     

燃用重油的大功率柴油机滑油净化分析及系统优化

分析了燃用重油造成滑油污染的相关因素、特征及后果.介绍了燃重油柴油机对滑油特性指标要求.针对滑油净化处理装置的使用现状,提出了滑油净化系统优化设计方案,应用表明:优化后的机组滑油污染指标大大降低,有效解决燃用重油造成的滑油污染问题.     

长治市农村水环境污染存在的问题和对策

叙述了长治市农村水环境污染存在的问题,指出,整体认识不足、农村环保法制的缺位、缺乏科学规划和合理管理和资金投入少是造成农村水环境污染问题的原因,提出,加强环保法制宣传,提高农民环保意识,完善农村环境保护法律法规,依法加强乡村工业污染控制,加大资金投入兴建环保基础设施,改善乡村环境污染状况,统筹规划合理布局科学管理,逐步规范乡村环境污染治理的对策建议。     

浅析X选矿厂节能减排效果与启示

如何采取措施提高单位电能的有效使用率、降低生产成本,减少污染排放是增加企业经济效益和社会效益的关键,是当前选矿工艺技术改造中亟待解决的重要课题。分析了X选矿厂节能减排的效果,得出了进行节能减排的启示。     

Q130/850-35-3.82/450型三废混燃余热锅炉的设计

本文分析了我国的能源形势,能源利用率与世界先进国家存在的差距,阐述了余热锅炉在回收余热、环境保护等方面起着重要作用,重点介绍了三废混燃余热锅炉的结构设计特点。     

太阳能干燥饲料级硫酸铜的实验研究

针对目前饲料级硫酸铜所采用的气流干燥工艺所存在能耗高、环境污染严重等问题,本文提出太阳能干燥硫酸铜技术。利用自行设计研制的箱式太阳能干燥装置进行实验,研究太阳能干燥饲料级结晶硫酸铜的工艺条件;在通过实验对其进行性能分析的基础上,对平均日产量为2t／d的200m^2的饲料级硫酸铜太阳房干燥系统进行了节能及环境效益评价。结果表明：采用太阳能干燥硫酸铜是可行的;干燥过程中有效解决飞尘污染及噪音问题;每年节省燃煤量约12．85t;年节省电量为35200kW·h。同时减少CO2总排放量80．02t,节能与环保效应显著。可见,利用太阳能干燥硫酸铜具有广泛的应用价值和前景。     

风电与储能联合运行的碳减排效果

在全球能源危机和环境污染的背景下,风电—储能联合运行系统对电力行业的节能减排有重大影响。将风电和储能变量同时引入供给函数均衡模型来模拟风电—储能联合运行系统提供的基荷电量,并在此基础上通过情景分析分别估算了发电企业在风电系统、储能系统及风电—储能联合运行系统3种情景下的污染气体排放量。结果表明,各发电企业在利益最大化目标的驱使下将不断增加储能量,使得联合运行系统比单独的风电或储能系统具有更高的排放量,且排放量的大小受储能容量的影响。     

Effect of optimal spinning reserve requirement on system pollution emission considering reserve supplying demand response in the electricity market

Pollution emission reduction is becoming an inevitable global goal. Incorporating pollution reduction goals into power system operation affects several different aspects, such as unit scheduling and system reliability. At the same time, changes in the energy scheduling change the required optimal reserve amount. Optimal spinning reserve scheduling also affects the energy market scheduling. Optimal reserve allocation changes the energy scheduling, which affect the amount of pollution emission. Therefore, incorporating pollution emission reduction and optimal spinning reserve scheduling cannot be studied separately. Analysis of the system effects of pollution reduction should be performed considering the ancillary service market, specificity the optimal spinning reserve scheduling. This problem is addressed in this paper by incorporating optimal spinning reserve scheduling in a combined environment economic dispatch (CEED) in one objective function. The framework of this paper enables the study of the effect of optimal reserve scheduling and emission reduction as well as an analysis of the system effects of pollution reduction. With the increased AMI and smart grid realization, the reserve supplying demand response (RSDR) is becoming an important player in the reserve market, and thus, these resources are also taken into account. In this paper, the objective function is social cost minimization, including the costs associated with energy provision, reserve procurement, expected interruptions and environmental pollution. A MIP-based optimization method is developed, which reduces the computational burden considerably while maintaining the ability to reach to the optimal solution. The IEEE RTS 1996 is used as a test case for numerical simulations, and the results are presented. The numerical results show that optimal reserve scheduling and RSDR utilization resources have a considerable impact on environmental–economic cost characteristics.