一种高精度圆柱形人工边界条件:水-柱体相互作用问题

针对水-柱体动力相互作用问题,提出一种用于模拟无限域水体的圆柱形高精度时域人工边界条件。首先,基于三维可压缩水体的波动方程和边界条件,采用分离变量法建立了时空全局的精确人工边界条件;然后,将其动力刚度表示为外域模型和波导模型人工边界条件动力刚度的嵌套形式;之后,应用时间局部化方法得到时间局部的高精度人工边界条件;最后,离散高精度人工边界条件,并将其与近场有限元方程耦合,形成一种能够采用显式时间积分方法求解的时间二阶常微分方程组。数值算例表明:提出的三维圆柱形高精度人工边界条件精确、高效、稳定。     

外源波动问题数值模拟的一种实现方式

将人工边界上的波动场分解为无局部场地效应影响的自由场与局部场地效应引起的散射场两部分,无限域地基中的波动传播对人工边界的影响通过将位移场、速度场转化为应力场施加到人工边界节点上来反映,其中散射波场的模拟采用了杜修力等提出的一种远场近似解。在此基础上,利用通用有限元软件实现了斜入射条件下瞬态平面地震波作用引起的局部场地效应的时域数值模拟,为计算二维、三维局部不规则、非均匀场地的地震局部场地效应以及土结动力相互作用等外源波动问题提供了一种有效、实用的实现方式。建议方法的优点是可直接借助通用有限元软件强大的求解器和前后处理功能来计算和分析近场波动反应,且实现简便。实际上,由于通用有限元软件强大的求解功能,可方便地用于局部场地存在不均匀、非线性的情况。     

基础阻抗力的一种时域算法

该文提出一种计算基础阻抗力的时域算法。通过引入一个辅助变量并执行逆傅里叶变换,将基础动力刚度的连续时间有理近似实现为时域高阶常微分方程;进一步定义不同时刻的辅助变量为多个不同的辅助变量,将高阶微分方程等价地转化为以状态空间描述的一阶常微分方程组。微分方程组的稳定性和精度等价于连续时间有理近似的稳定性和精度。之后采用四阶龙格-库塔公式数值地求解获得的一阶微分方程组。典型基础振动问题的分析表明了该文方法的有效性。     

地震作用下水-轴对称柱体相互作用的子结构分析方法

针对水-轴对称柱体动力相互作用问题,提出了一种地震作用下水-结构相互作用的时域子结构分析方法.基于三维不可压缩水体的波动方程和边界条件,利用分离变量法将其转换为环向解析、竖向和径向数值的二维模型;基于比例边界有限元推导了截断边界处无限域水体的动力刚度方程,并将水体内域有限元方程和人工边界处的动水压力进行耦合,从而得到结...     

离散高阶Higdon-like透射边界

基于比例边界有限元法(SBFEM)半离散思想和Higdon透射微分算子提出了一种用于模拟二维层状介质标量波传播的高效离散高阶Higdon-like透射边界。对无限介质边界进行迦辽金有限元离散后,描述标量波的偏微分方程转换为局部坐标系下半离散矩阵方程组;然后使用高阶Higdon透射算子和辅助变量,在时域内得到了一个阶数不超过2阶的离散高阶透射边界。透射边界是由一组常微分方程构成,可以采用通常的时步积分方法求解,它在截断边界上非局部,在时间域局部。算例表明:该文提出的透射边界的计算精度可以随着辅助变量的增加而提高,但计算量却呈线性化增加,因而计算效率较全局方法有了显著提高。另外,由于该文的边界条件是直接建立在离散节点上的,所以它很方便与近场有限单元法耦合。     

一种新的有限域动力刚度改进连分式求解算法

比例边界有限元法仅需离散边界,网格划分灵活,且易于采用高阶单元,是结构动力分析的理想方法。针对有限域动力问题,基于广义特征值分解对动力刚度表示的比例边界有限元方程进行模态变换。通过选取特定的因子矩阵,简化了改进连分式算法的求解流程,提出了一种新的有限域动力刚度改进连分式求解算法。在动力刚度连分式渐近解的基础上引入辅助变量,建立了有限域动力问题的运动方程,其系数矩阵对称稀疏,可以利用现有的有限元求解器求解。正八边形板和重力坝算例表明,新算法具有良好的数值稳定性和计算精度,适用于实际工程问题的动力响应分析。     

波动数值模拟中的吸收边界条件

为了提高人工边界条件在波动输入边界和自由场边界的精度,该文扩展了Higdon一阶吸收边界条件,并编制了相应的有限元计算程序。该方法将输入波分量引入到Higdon吸收边界条件当中,利用最小二乘法,用吸收边界邻域内的应变场和速度场计算Higdon边界条件公式中的参数,实现了吸收边界条件的自动更新。并且,该文提出了既适用于波...     

粘弹性人工边界的虚位移原理

该文将结构及其近场地基作为动力平衡系统,将在人工边界上的波动分解为自由波和散射波,并将输入地震波动转化为作用于人工边界上的等效荷载以实现波动输入。基于以上假设通过分析结构及其近场地基系统的动力平衡关系和自由场的传播机制,给出了自由场的位移表达式、速度表达式,以及在人工边界上由自由场产生的等效荷载一般表达形式,最后建立了粘弹性人工边界统一的动力学积分弱解形式,同时基于有限元程序自动生成系统(FEPG)开发了粘弹性边界条件元件程序。经过计算验证:该文建立的具有粘弹性人工边界的动力学问题的积分弱解方程粘弹性边界条件元件程序可靠、正确。利用这些元件程序,在前处理中可像加位移或应力边界条件一样简便快捷地施加粘弹性边界条件。     

局部褶皱对层状地基马蹄形孔洞散射的影响分析

水平岩层在构造作用下会产生局部褶皱,研究褶皱对层状地基马蹄形孔洞散射的影响,对地表结构地震安全性评价具有重要意义。基于子结构法建立了复杂场地散射问题的控制方程,将地震波散射问题的求解转化具有规则边界条件的层状地基(自由场)的动力刚度和波动响应的求解。通过Fourier变换和引入对偶变量,将波动方程转化为一阶常微分方程,采用精细积分算法对土层可实现高效合并,施加边界条件可得到内部节点的格林函数,进一步得到动力刚度。同时,采用精细积分算法代替原传递矩阵法的层间合并,可得到层状自由场的波动响应。这种改进传递矩阵法对土层厚度和层数没有任何限制。通过与文献中的结果对比,验证了方法的正确性,并分析了局部褶皱对层状地基中马蹄形孔洞散射场的影响。结果表明:局部褶皱对地表位移幅值的影响与入射波类型、入射波频率以及局部褶皱几何构造等因素均有关系;地表位移峰值受马蹄形孔洞和局部褶皱共同作用的影响,其影响特性与入射波类型无明显关系。     

近场数值波动分析中地震波输入的一种简化方法

在显式有限元方法结合黏弹性人工边界的时域波动方法的基础上,建立了地震波垂直输入时的一种简化输入方法。将近场有限元模型沿高度方向进行分层,将地震动的入射运动转化为作用于人工边界底面及分层后每层侧面上的均布力,以实现地震动的输入。与以等效节点力的方式实现的地震动输入相比,施加均布力的方式简化了地震波输入的前处理工作,且又能保证与等效节点力方式相同的精度。自由场数值算例表明：当本文方法中的分层高度与波动有限元网格离散要求的最大尺寸相等时,本文方法与等效节点力方法具有相同的精度;当局部区域按网格离散要求的最大尺寸进行分层而在其它区域放大分层高度时,局部区域上的近场波动响应仍可保证具有相当高的精度。另外,某隧道结构地震响应算例的计算结果同样说明了本文方法的有效性。     

Explicit finite element artificial boundary scheme for transient scalar waves in two‐dimensional unbounded waveguide

To simulate the transient scalar wave propagation in a two‐dimensional unbounded waveguide, an explicit finite element artificial boundary scheme is proposed, which couples the standard dynamic finite element method for complex near field and a high‐order accurate artificial boundary condition (ABC) for simple far field. An exact dynamic‐stiffness ABC that is global in space and time is constructed. A temporal localization method is developed, which consists of the rational function approximation in the frequency domain and the auxiliary variable realization into time domain. This method is applied to the dynamic‐stiffness ABC to result in a high‐order accurate ABC that is local in time but global in space. By discretizing the high‐order accurate ABC along artificial boundary and coupling the result with the standard lumped‐mass finite element equation of near field, a coupled dynamic equation is obtained, which is a symmetric system of purely second‐order ordinary differential equations in time with the diagonal mass and non‐diagonal damping matrices. A new explicit time integration algorithm in structural dynamics is used to solve this equation. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

无限元边界条件下的浅海海底地震波场建模

针对模拟无限大的海底地震波传播问题,应用无限元理论,提出了一种基于无限元边界条件的地震波建模方法,仿真了海底应力场,与高阶交错网格有限差分法仿真结果比对,验证建模方法的正确性.进一步分析无限元边界对海底地震波的吸收效果,结果表明无限元边界对纵波、横波的吸收效果好,可应用于海底地震波场建模中.     

Accurate H-shaped absorbing boundary condition in frequency domain for scalar wave propagation in layered half-space

An accurate absorbing boundary condition (ABC) is developed in frequency domain for finite element analysis of scalar wave propagation in unbounded layered half-space. The proposed ABC is H-shaped line that consists of two parts: a new ABC at horizontal bottom boundary of finite domain to replace semiinfinite strip below horizontal boundary and between two vertical boundaries, and a general consistent ABC at vertical lateral boundary to replace semiinfinite layered half-space outside vertical boundary. The key point for constructing the ABC is that a new continued fraction (CF) is presented to expand dynamic stiffness of underlying half-space, and the CF-based stress-displacement relationship is then transformed into an auxiliary variable system with square of horizontal wavenumber. The ABC has only one undetermined real parameter that is the CF-order independent of frequency and incidence angle of propagating outgoing waves. The parameter can be chosen relatively small value to achieve an accurate ABC. Moreover, the ABC can couple seamlessly with finite element method of finite domain. The finite domain can be chosen very small size due to high accuracy of the ABC. Numerical examples are finally given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the ABC.     

A parallel implicit/explicit hybrid time domain method for computational electromagnetics

The numerical solution of Maxwell's curl equations in the time domain is achieved by combining an unstructured mesh finite element algorithm with a cartesian finite difference method. The practical problem area selected to illustrate the application of the approach is the simulation of three‐dimensional electromagnetic wave scattering. The scattering obstacle and the free space region immediately adjacent to it are discretized using an unstructured mesh of linear tetrahedral elements. The remainder of the computational domain is filled with a regular cartesian mesh. These two meshes are overlapped to create a hybrid mesh for the numerical solution. On the cartesian mesh, an explicit finite difference method is adopted and an implicit/explicit finite element formulation is employed on the unstructured mesh. This approach ensures that computational efficiency is maintained if, for any reason, the generated unstructured mesh contains elements of a size much smaller than that required for accurate wave propagation. A perfectly matched layer is added at the artificial far field boundary, created by the truncation of the physical domain prior to the numerical solution. The complete solution approach is parallelized, to enable large‐scale simulations to be effectively performed. Examples are included to demonstrate the numerical performance that can be achieved. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An optimal high‐order non‐reflecting finite element scheme for wave scattering problems

A new finite element scheme is proposed for the numerical solution of time‐harmonic wave scattering problems in unbounded domains. The infinite domain in truncated via an artificial boundary ?? which encloses a finite computational domain Ω. On ?? a local high‐order non‐reflecting boundary condition (NRBC) is applied which is constructed to be optimal in a certain sense. This NRBC is implemented in a special way, by using auxiliary variables along the boundary ??, so that it involves no high‐order derivatives regardless of its order. The order of the scheme is simply an input parameter, and it may be arbitrarily high. This leads to a symmetric finite element formulation where standard C⁰ finite elements are used in Ω. The performance of the method is demonstrated via numerical examples, and it is compared to other NRBC‐based schemes. The method is shown to be highly accurate and stable, and to lead to a well‐conditioned matrix problem. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

竖向成层介质中标量波传播问题的高精度人工边界条件

为了实现含竖向成层介质以及表面不规则地形场地中标量波传播问题的高效且高精度求解,该文基于连分式展开和扩展的一致边界,建立了一种频域下折线形高精度人工边界条件。通过在每个竖向地层内引入独立的斜角坐标变换,新的人工边界条件可以用于多起伏地表地形条件。新的折线形人工边界在频域下推导,仅含有连分式阶数一个待定实参数,用于调整计算精度,该参数不随外行波的频率和传播角度改变。人工边界条件可以与内域有限元方程无缝耦合,应用简单方便。由于新边界条件的高精度,内域尺寸可以取较小甚至可以直接将人工边界加在结构周围或者地表,从而极大提高计算效率。通过典型数值算例,将人工边界计算模型与有限元大模型的解进行了对比分析,验证了该文提出的折线形人工边界条件的有效性和高精度。     

A refined global-local finite element analysis method

A refined global-local method was proposed to improve the efficiency of finite element analysis. The proposed method was based on the regular finite element method in conjunction with three basic step, i.e. the global analysis, the local analysis and the refined global analysis. In the first two steps, a coarse finite element mesh was used to analyse the entire structure to obtain the nodal displacements which were subsequently used as displacement boundary conditions for local regions of interest. These local regions with the prescribed boundary conditions were then analysed with refined meshes to obtain more accurate stresses. In the third step, a new global displacement distribution based on the results of the previous two steps was assumed for the analysis, from which much improved solutions for both stresses and displacements were produced. Numerical examples showed that the proposed method yielded accurate solutions with significant savings in computing time compared with the regular finite element method. Further, this method is suitable for parallel computation.