席夫碱配合物在表面活性剂胶束中对过氧化氢分解的催化作用

合成了水杨醛缩牛磺酸席夫碱合铜配合物,研究了该配合物分别在阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和非离子表面活性剂辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)的胶束中对H2O2分解的催化性能,探讨了pH、过氧化氢浓度对催化性能的影响。结果表明:该配合物在阳离子胶束中对H2O2的分解具有快速催化作用,其催化速率远远高于铜离子本身的催化速率,而且在碱性介质中催化速率明显提高;非离子和阴离子表面活性剂胶束对配合物的催化有禁阻作用。     

席夫碱配合物在表面活性剂胶束中难过氧化氢分解的催化作用

合成了水杨醛缩牛磺酸席夫碱合铜配合物，研究了该配合物分别在阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）、阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）和非离子表面活性剂辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚（OP-10）的胶束中对H2O2分解的催化性能，探讨了pH、过氧化氢浓度对催化性能的影响。结果表明：该配合物在阳离子胶束中对H2O2的分解具有快速催化作用，其催化速率远远高于铜离子本身的催化速率，而且在碱性介质中催化速率明显提高；非离子和阴离子表面活性刺胶束对配合物的催化有禁阻作用。     

5-溴水杨基荧光酮光度法测定微量铜

本文研究了在表面活性剂吐温-80存在下,铜与5-溴水杨基荧光酮(5-BrSAF)形成配合物的显色反应。在pH6.5的磷酸氢二钠-磷酸二氢钠缓冲溶液中测得配合物的表观摩尔吸光系数为1.18×10~5L·mol~(-1)·cm~(-1),线性范围为0～7μgCu/25ml。该法在抗坏血酸存在下,已用于水相直接测定儿童头发和食品中的微量铜,方法稳定、快速,结果满意。     

糠醛双Schiff碱及其铜配合物的合成与抗菌活性研究

合成了糠醛双Schiff碱N,N′-双(2-呋喃甲醛亚胺基乙基)-2,6-吡啶二甲酰胺及其铜配合物,通过波谱分析对其结构进行了表征,测定了Schiff碱及其铜配合物对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抗菌活性和最低抑菌浓度。结果表明,Schiff碱及其铜配合物均有一定的抗菌活性,且Schiff碱铜配合物的抗菌活性更好,两者最低抑菌浓度均在0.5~1.0 g.L-1之间。     

1H-吲哚亚甲基氨基硫脲席夫碱铜（Ⅱ）配合物及其涂层的抗菌性研究

选用具有生物活性的吲哚-3-甲醛与氨基硫脲制备了席夫碱及其铜（Ⅱ）配合物,通过核磁共振氢谱、红外及紫外光谱等手段鉴定了其结构并确认配合物的配位方式。选用金黄色葡萄球菌（S. aureus）与大肠埃希氏菌（E. coli）测试了席夫碱及其铜（Ⅱ）配合物的抗菌性。结果表明：所制备的铜（Ⅱ）配合物对革兰氏阳性与革兰氏阴性菌均具有较好的抗菌效果,对金黄色葡萄球菌（S. aureus）和大肠埃希氏菌（E. coli）的最小抗菌浓度分别为0.40 g/L和0.95 g/L,具备广谱抗菌性。以吲哚甲醛氨基硫脲席夫碱铜（Ⅱ）配合物作为抗菌剂制备的抗菌涂层同样具有良好的抗菌效果,质量分数为5%时就能够杀灭抗菌涂层上黏附的大肠埃希氏菌（E. coli）。通过电镜观察细菌形貌推测吲哚甲醛氨基硫脲席夫碱铜（Ⅱ）配合物可能通过直接作用于细胞膜将其杀灭,具有较优的抗菌性。     

含碘抗菌洗涤剂的研制

碘具有很强的杀菌能力,表面活性剂可以去污、发泡,具有洗涤性能。含碘的抗菌洗涤剂是以碘和多种表面活性剂为主体的复配物,它兼容了一般常规洗涤剂的洗涤功能和抗菌剂的抗菌功能。文章就含碘抗菌洗涤剂的研发情况作了一定的介绍和探讨,对含碘抗菌洗涤剂的应用前景和市场及效益作了简要的分析。     

水杨醛双Schiff碱与其铜配合物的合成与抗菌活性研究

文章首先合成了水杨醛双SchiffN,N’-双（2-水杨醛亚胺基乙基）-2,6-吡啶二甲酰胺（Iia）,并以它为配体合成了铜配合物,通过波谱分析对其结构进行了表征。并采用固体培养基抑菌圈法和液体培养基比浊法对了Schiff碱及其铜配合物进行抗菌活性的测定。结果表明,水杨醛双Schiff碱及其铜配合物对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有抗菌活性,并且水杨醛双Schiff碱铜配合物的抗菌活性比水杨醛双Schiff碱的抗菌活性强。     

长链烷基多胺的水溶液行为及其与Cu（Ⅱ）的络合性能和抗菌性能

合成了几种长链烷基多胺，发现该类化合物在水溶液中表现出非离子和阳离子型表面活性剂的双重特性。同时，研究了它们对铜离子的络合性能及其铜络合物的抗菌性能。     

光度法测定非离子表面活性剂的研究

在氢氧化钠中 ,铅与 T( DBHP) P和非离子表面活性剂发生灵敏的显色反应 ,形成一种黄色三元配合物 ,配合物最大吸收峰在 479nm波长 ,对平平 - 50 ,比耳定律范围是 0 .0 4 4 mg/m L～ 0 .72 mg/m L,平均摩尔吸光系数为 1 .1× 1 0 4 ,该体系对无机盐、部分阴、阳离子表面性剂有较好的选择性 ,用于化妆品中非离子表面活性剂含量的直接测定令人满意。     

表面活性剂对对羟基苯甲醛缩对氨基苯甲酸席夫碱Cu（Ⅱ）配合物形貌的影响、

为了实现特定形貌席夫碱配合物的制备,以对羟基苯甲醛缩对氨基苯甲酸席夫碱为配体,同醋酸铜反应并添加表面活性剂,制备了对羟基苯甲醛缩对氨基苯甲酸席夫碱Cu（Ⅱ）配合物,考察了表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）对生成的对羟基苯甲醛缩对氨基苯甲酸席夫碱Cu（Ⅱ）配合物形貌的影响。扫描电镜（SEM）研究表明,十二烷基硫酸钠使配合物形貌效果最好,为规整的仙人球型,并进一部探讨了表面活性剂对配合物形貌的影响机理。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.