Compact Corporate Power DividerUsing Metamaterial NRI-TLCoupled-Line Couplers

A low-loss, planar and compact metamaterial 1:4 corporate power divider design is presented. The power divider uses a cascade of three microstrip/negative-refractive-index transmission-line coupled-line couplers allowing it to be compact in the longitudinal direction. The fabricated prototype operates at 2.10 GHz and is 11.6 cm wide-designed for feeding a four-element patch antenna array. The 3 dB transmission bandwidth ranges from 0.73 GHz to 0.46 GHz for the various ports with a total insertion loss of 1.1 dB, good phase balance and better than 20 dB isolation among the output ports.     

Symmetrical and non-symmetrical coaxial-strip 3 dB directional couplers of decimetric frequency band

Numerical modeling and synthesis results of symmetrical and non-symmetrical coaxial-strip 3 dB directional couplers (DC) for the frequency band of 470…630 MHzpossessing low ohmic loss, good impedance matching (VSWR < 1.1), smooth characteristics in the frequency range of more than 30% and possibility of operating under the power levels of 2kW and more are presented. Theoretical results are confirmed by the data of experimental research of 3 dB coaxial-strip power divider with the 90 degrees phase shift between its outputs, which is built on the basis of a non-symmetrical coaxial-strip DC and is intended for the use in transmitting television antenna arrays of the decimetric wavelengths range.     

A compact planar ultra-broadband sum-and-difference network

In this paper, the design of a planar ultra-broadband sum-and-difference network is presented. This network employs a novel power divider and anti-phase balun as a building block. An equivalent 180° coupler with a bandwidth of 6.2 - 14GHz is achieved by back-connecting the power divider and balun together. Four such couplers are connected to form an ultra-broadband sum-and-difference network which has a bandwidth of 91%. This network, with insertion loss less than 1.8dB in sum port and nulls less than -20dB in all delta ports, is verified to be excellent, resulting in the advantages of being compact, easy manufacturing and low cost.     

Design and realisation of dual-band 3 dB power divider based on two-section transmission-line topology

A new dual-band 3 dB three-port power divider with arbitrary impedance terminations is proposed. The structure is composed of a two-section transmission-line transformer and an isolation resistor. Each transmission line's electrical length is /spl pi//3 at the fundamental frequency. Based on an ideal transmission line model, new design equations and graphs are given. The technique is validated by the experimental results on a 3 dB 900/1800 MHz power divider with Z/sub S/=100 /spl Omega/ and Z/sub L/=50 /spl Omega/. Good performances of the proposed power combiner/divider at both frequencies are obtained.     

Low loss integrated optical Y-branch

An antenna-coupled Y-branch with the advantages of low branching and short coupled length, and hence, compact size, is proposed. This structure is free from the critical fabrication requirements that are associated with the directional-coupler-type power dividers and 3 dB couplers. There is no need for any extra bending elements, hence, no bending loss, when this structure is used as a 3 dB coupler power divider of the Mach-Zehnder-type switch. Detailed theoretical analysis (both two-dimensional and three-dimensional) is carried out     

A Compact Ka-Band Planar Three-Way Power Divider

A Ka-band planar three-way power divider which uses the coupled line instead of the transmission line is proposed to reduce chip size. The proposed planar topology, different from the conventional Wilkinson power divider, is analyzed and can provide not only compact but also dc block characteristics, which are very suitable for monolithic microwave integrated circuit applications. The divider implemented by a pHEMT process shows an insertion loss less than 5.1 dB and an output isolation better than 17 dB. A return loss less than 18 dB and a phase difference of 4.2deg at 30 GHz can be achieved. Finally, good agreements between the simulation and experimental results are shown.     

Taper transmission line UWB Wilkinson power divider analysis and design

This paper proposed, analysed and fabricated an ultra-wideband Wilkinson power divider. This proposed power divider contains two parts, namely the transmission lines with fixed characteristic impedance and the tapered transmission line.

The power divider has a fixed architecture with the ability to broaden for different bandwidths by changing its circuit parameters including resistors and impedances. It also can create a bandwidth of about 40 GHz with a smaller physical dimension and fewer numbers of resistors.

The proposed power divider is investigated using the even/odd analysis method in order to compute equations required for designing power divider.

The proposed power divider was designed and fabricated for the 3-11 GHz ultra-wideband range. Then, the results are compared with the simulated results and a good agreement is obtained consequently. Furthermore, input return loss better than 12dB, output return loss better than 15dB, insertion loss better than 4.8dB and output ports isolation less than 12 dB are achieved by measured results. The overall size of the proposed power divider is 14.2 × 4.8 mm².     

Wilkinson Power Divider Using Microstrip EBG Cells for the Suppression of Harmonics

This letter presents a planar power divider with an effective technique for nth harmonics suppression. The proposed technique served by a microstrip electromagnetic bandgap cell is used to suppress the nth harmonics and reduce the length of a quarter-wave line over 30% as compared to the conventional divider. The planar structure enables an easy circuit design in printed circuit boards. From the measured results, a 32.5 dB suppression for the third harmonic and a 12 dB suppression for the fifth harmonic is obtained while maintaining the characteristics of a conventional Wilkinson power divider. It is able to achieve less than 3.4 0.1 dB of the two equivalent insertion losses, less than 23dB of the return loss, and better than 25dB of isolation at 2.4GHz.     

Fully integrated unequal Wilkinson power divider with EBG CPW

In this paper, a CPW with electromagnetic bandgap (EBG CPW) is newly proposed for designing a transmission line with high impedance. After designing, fabricating, and evaluating the characteristic impedance of the proposed EBG CPW transmission line, it will be applied to an integrated unequal Wilkinson power divider. In the EM simulation, the EBG-CPW transmission line with 10 /spl mu/m in line width has the same characteristic impedance as a CPW with a line width of 2.5 /spl mu/m. The insertion and return losses of the fabricated power divider with a power ratio of 1 to 3 are less than -0.7 dB and -15 dB, respectively. It also has excellent isolation characteristics with more than -20 dB. The experimental results are good agreement with the simulation.     

一种Lx波段高功率放大器的设计与仿真

本文介绍了一种 Lx 波段高功率放大器的设计方法。利用 3dB 耦合器组成功率分配与合成网络，通过四路合成的方案实现了高功率输出，采用 ADS 软件对功率放大器进行仿真与优化。仿真与测试结果表明，在 Lx 频带内，输出功率大于 930W，效率大于 43%，增益平坦度小于 0.8dB，增益大于 15dB。     

Miniaturized Microstrip Wilkinson Power Divider With Harmonic Suppression

A microstrip Wilkinson power divider with harmonic suppression and size reduction is presented in this letter. The proposed power divider not only effectively reduces its occupied area to 36.5% of the conventional design at 2.65 GHz but also has higher order harmonics suppression. From the measured results, a 29 dB suppression for the third harmonic and a 34 dB suppression for the fifth harmonic are achieved while maintaining the characteristics of a conventional Wilkinson power divider. Based on a 15 dB return-loss criteria, the measured fractional bandwidth is 48%. At an operation frequency of 2.65 GHz, the insertion losses are better than 3.4 dB, the return loss is 27 dB, and the isolation is better than 22 dB.      

玻璃基离子交换型宽带22 3dB耦合器研究

为满足2N光功率分配器的制作和应用的需求,对宽带集成化22 3dB耦合器进行了深入的理论和实验研究。采用3-D光束传播法,对传统的非对称X结进行了模拟改进,设计了低损耗且具有较宽工作带宽的22 3dB耦合器。采用Ag+-Na+离子交换技术在玻璃基上成功制作了非对称X结结构的宽带22 3dB耦合器。通过对1260nm~1360nm和1460nm~1600nm两个波段宽带光源的光谱测试,得到在宽带范围内小于4.0dB的插入损耗,光谱谱线相对平坦,波长依赖性较小,均匀性小于0.5dB。结果表明,采用这种非对称X结并结合离子交换工艺,可以在玻璃基上制作出宽带的22 3dB耦合器,这为进一步优化器件性能,研制成功具有应用价值的器件奠定了基础。     

Zolotarev Branch-Guide Couplers

A new theory for the design of branch-guide couplers, which enables the designer to optimize the internal impedance level, is presented. This overcomes previous difficulties associated with design of branch-guide couplers for tight-coupling values. Results are demonstrated for couplings as tight as 1.5 dB and give exact agreement between computer predictions and measured results. The theory was used to design a complex matched power divider employing many branch-guide couplers of 14 different coupling values and gave practical results in close agreement with theory.     

Eight-Way Substrate Integrated Waveguide Power Divider With Low Insertion Loss

We describe a compact radial cavity power divider based on the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology in this paper. The equivalent-circuit model is used to analyze the multiport structure, and a design procedure is also established for the structure. An eight-way C-band SIW power divider with low insertion loss is designed, fabricated, and measured. Good agreement between simulated and measured results is found for the pro posed power divider. The measured minimum insertion loss of the eight-way power divider is approximately 0.2 dB and return loss is approximately 30 dB at 5.25 GHz. The measured 15-dB return-loss bandwidth is found to be approximately 500 MHz, and its 1-dB insertion-loss bandwidth is approximately 1.2 GHz. Furthermore, the isolations between the output ports of the eight-way power divider are also discussed.     

基于槽线的太赫兹同相和反相功分器设计

根据接地共面波导(GCPW)和槽线的结构特点,首先设计并仿真验证了一种由接地共面波导到槽线的功分器;然后根据槽线横截面的电场分布特性,设计了一种GCPW-槽线-GCPW结构的同相功分器和反相功分器。仿真结果表明,同相功分器在175~225 GHz范围内的插入损耗优于4 dB,回波损耗优于9.6 dB;反相功分器在185~215 GHz范围内的插入损耗优于4 dB,回波损耗优于10.5 dB,幅度不平衡度小于0.24 dB,相位不平衡度小于1.3°。相比其他太赫兹功分器,本文设计的功分器在插入损耗和回波损耗相当的情况下,具有更简单、紧凑和易于集成的结构。     

一种宽带一分四Wilkinson功分器的设计与实现

对传统微带功分器的设计方式进行改进,利用薄膜芯片电阻代替传统电阻,工作至Ka波段也可保证较好的隔离度性能.利用薄膜芯片电阻制作了一款宽带一分四Wilkinson功分器,采用两级一分二功分器来实现一分四,每一级一分二功分器采用2节的Wilkinson功分器来实现.同时为了降低功分器的各端口在高频段下的回波损耗,功分器的各...     

High-performance filtering power divider based on air-filled substrate integrated waveguide technology

A filtering power divider based on air-filled substrate-integrated waveguide (AFSIW) technology is proposed in this study. The AFSIW structure is used in the proposed filtering power divider for substantially reducing the transmission losses. This structure occupies a large area because of the use of air as a dielectric instead of typical dielectric materials. A filtering power divider provides power division and frequency selectivity simultaneously in a single device. The proposed filtering power divider comprises three AFSIW cavities. The filtering function is achieved using symmetrical inductive posts. The input and output ports of the proposed circuit are realized by directly connecting coaxial lines to the AFSIW cavities. This transition from the coaxial line to the AFSIW cavity eliminates the additional transitions, such as AFSIW-SIW and SIW-conductor-backed coplanar waveguide, applied in existing AFSIW circuits. The proposed power divider with a second-order bandpass filtering response is fabricated and measured at 5.5 GHz. The measurement results show that this circuit has a minimum insertion loss of 1 dB, 3-dB fractional bandwidth of 11.2%, and return loss exceeding 11 dB.     

A Compact UWB Three-Way Power Divider

A three-way power divider with ultra wideband behavior is presented. It has a compact size with an overall dimension of 20 mm times 30 mm. The proposed divider utilizes broadside coupling via multilayer microstrip/slot transitions of elliptical shape. The simulated and measured results show that the proposed device has 4.77 plusmn 1 dB insertion loss, better than 17 dB return loss, and better than 15 dB isolation across the frequency band 3.1 to 10.6 GHz.     

Three-dimensional electromagnetic modeling of fiber-core effects onthe coupling characteristics of weakly fused tapered fiber-opticcouplers

Based on the full-wave formulations, which combine the finite element method add the boundary element technique, and the step-like approximation method, a three-dimensional (3-D) electromagnetic modeling approach is proposed in this work to investigate the fiber-core effects on the coupling characteristics of the weakly fused tapered couplers. We find the fiber cores have significant effects on the mode field patterns, coupling coefficients, and birefringence for the coupler with large normalized frequencies. The influence of the fiber cores on the coupling behavior for the real couplers, such as 3 dB power dividers, polarization beam splitters, and wavelength demultiplexing/multiplexing couplers, are also studied in 3-D view. It is found that the effects of fiber-cores in the weakly fused tapered couplers have to be considered for accurately modelling their coupling behavior, although the model with no core assumption can predict the trend of the coupling characteristics for the real couplers     

Broad-banding technique for in-phase hybrid ring equal powerdivider

A broad-banding technique for in-phase equal power divider is described. Detailed comparisons between the proposed variants of power dividers and the conventional in-phase power divider are also performed. Based on the 15-dB input and output return losses criteria, it is noted that a maximum impedance bandwidth of 44.3% for an amplitude error of ±0.9 dB and a phase error of ±1.8° can be achieved, for the first time, for divider with length more than 3λ/2 ring impedance transformer. A systematic design technique that relaxes some of the conventional constraint in in-phase hybrid ring equal power divider design, is also described