Dynamics of plasma filling the gap of a module of the plasma opening switch of the MOL facility

The Baikal program aimed at the creation of a superhigh-power generator for experiments in the field of inertial thermonuclear fusion includes the development of a MOL facility for modeling the main principles of the generator structure. It is suggested to use a six-module plasma opening switch (POS) in an external magnetic field as the output power sharpener. The scheme of upgraded plasma guns of the module of the MOL facility’s POS and the results of studying the dynamics of filling the POS gap with plasma transversely to an external magnetic field are presented. It is shown that, in the presence of a long (～40 μs) prepulse in this module, a POS cathode-anode closure with plasma along the force lines of the external magnetic field occurs within a time interval between the first turning-on of the plasma guns and the POS operation, which is hazardous for its operation. To eliminate this threat, it is proposed to increase the POS length to ～70 cm. On the basis of the results obtained, a simpler and more reliable solution of the prepulse problem is proposed.     

Prototype of the 1/6 MOL Module of a Superpower Pulse Generator

This paper considers problems related to the creation (as part of the Baikal Program) of a super-power pulse generator intended for inertial confinement fusion applications and having pulse parameters of ～10 MV, ～50 MA, and ～150 ns. A MOL facility (3.7 MA, 5 MV, and 150 ns) with a six-module plasma opening switch (POS), operating as an output pulse compression stage, is being developed to test the circuit solutions of this generator. The design for the prototype of one POS module, referred to as the 1/6 MOL test bench, is presented. The results from experimental tests related to POS performance within the MOL facility are reported.     

差动式快开阀开阀时间模型及计算

介绍了lOOmm差动式快开阀的结构和开阀过程的动力学原理。通过建立开阀时间的数学模型,编制计算程序求解了开阀时间。计算结果表明阀体开阀时间与试验实测数据吻合良好。     

转炉托圈的更换

托圈是太钢转炉设备中的重要组成部件,也是易损件之一.在转炉检修的过程中,提出了一套更换托圈的切实有效的方法,从而提高了检修效率,降低了转炉的检修成本.     

真空开关在线监测系统的数据传输

为了解决基于DSP的真空开关真空度在线监测系统的数据传输问题,把变电站中每一个开关柜内的在线监测装置设计成单一CAN总线节点形式,在减少数据传输量的基础上采用局域网和CAN总线作为通讯途径,同时,给出了主要部分的具体实现方案.该方法解决了传输的可靠性问题,较好地解决了与上位工控机或个人PC的接口问题,实现了网络远程监控.     

汽车离合器试验台设计

汽车离合器是汽车的重要组成部分,是控制汽车的起动、停止、变速及换向等功能的核心零件.汽车离合器作用是保证汽车平稳起步、便于换档、防止传动系过载、降低扭振冲击,因此,它的性能好坏直接关系到汽车整体的质量优劣.就目前来看,汽车离合器的性能多是在实验室的试验台上完成,通过不断的模拟试验来对其进行测定.主要从汽车离合器试验台的方案的选择以及重要元件的选择等方面进行了新型试验台的研究设计.     

AP1000核电站起重设备及其分级

详细介绍了AP1000核电站的各种起重设备的性能参数、使用功能等内容,对起重设备的设备分级、安全等级和抗震等级和分级特点进行了详细叙述,列举了国外先进技术的分级及标准规范情况,对我国此类设备的选定及使用具有一定的指导意义。     

Exploring molecular motors and switches at the single-molecule level

Single-molecule techniques have propelled an impressive number of biophysical studies during the last decade. From relatively simple video-microscopy techniques, to sophisticated manipulation and detection apparata, single-molecule techniques are capable of tracking the movements and the reaction trajectories of single enzymatic units. By observing microspheres attached to biomolecules it is possible to follow the motion of molecular motors, or to detect conformational "switching" induced by regulatory proteins. Micromanipulation tools like optical tweezers have been widely applied to understand the mechanisms of linear molecular motors, and have allowed the measurement of the elementary steps and the forces produced by several motor proteins, including myosin, kinesin, and dynein. New experimental assays based on magnetic or optical "wrenches," which are able to apply and detect torques on rotary motors and biopolymers, are opening new possibilities in this field. Here, established and emerging magneto-optical manipulation and video-tracking techniques are reviewed, in the perspective of single molecular motors and regulatory proteins studies.     

阀架故障判断分析及处理一例

针对现场液压系统设备在调试过程中所出现的故障现象的分析及处理方式进行了详尽的描述,为其他类似的液压系统故障的分析及处理方式提供了有益的参考。     

A Multi-channel System for Qualitative Explosive and Drug Detection

It is well known that under blue LED/laser illumination a class of synthetic conjugated polymers can create fluorescence, and after absorbing a certain class of explosive vapors the fluorescence will be quenched thus the explosives can be detected. The unsolved problems are how can we detect drug, TATP and nitro aromatic explosives with the same device, how can we distinguish different explosives and drugs, and how can we avoid false alarms; solving these problems are crucial for world security. We have developed a new synthetic conjugated polymer with single molecule layer and coated on porous silicon with large surface area to increase quenching signal at least one order, based on this new film a small handheld explosive detector with sensitivities of 0.1 pg for TNT and 0.1 ng for black gun powder are obtained. Many explosives and drugs (such as TNT, RDX, PETN, black gun powder, cocaine, etc.) have been tested, from their quenching curves and our data base we are able to distinguish them qualitatively and avoid false alarms. Therefore we believe our detector can be used not only for battle field but also for airports, government entrances and other security check points. Last year, after face to face competition, our device was selected as the only security detector for the G20 summit held in Hangzhou, China. Here, we will give our detailed designs to let readers develop detectors by themselves to counter terrorism in the world and save lives.     

A facility for characterizing the steady-state and dynamic thermal performance of microelectromechanical system thermal switches

A facility to characterize microelectromechanical system (MEMS) thermal switches by measuring two pertinent figures of merit is described. The two figures of merit measured are the ratio of thermal resistance of the switch in the off and on states, Roff/Ron, and the time required to switch from the off to the on state, tauswitch. The facility consists of two pieces of equipment. A guard-heated calorimeter is used to measure heat transfer across the thermal switch under steady-state conditions. Measuring heat transfer across a thermal switch in both the off and on states then gives the thermal resistance ratio Roff/Ron. A thin-film radial heat-flux sensor is used to measure heat transfer across the thermal switch under dynamic conditions. Measuring heat transfer across a thermal switch as the switch changes from the off to the on state gives the thermal switching time tauswitch. The test facilities enable the control of the applied force on the thermal switch when the thermal switch is on, the thickness of the gas gap when the thermal switch is off, and the gas species and pressure in the thermal switch gas gap. The thermal performance of two MEMS thermal switches employing two different thermal contact materials, a polished silicon surface and an array of liquid-metal microdroplets, is characterized and compared.     

A new microscope stand for use with the LKB Ultratome III and cryokit

A method is described for estimating the number of blocked pore channels and pore density and spatial distribution by the staining of the exterior pore openings of unobstructed pores with uranyl acetate, and identification of them using backscattered electron atomic number contrast imaging in the scanning electron microscope.     

遥操作爆炸物处理机器人控制系统设计与实现

遥操作爆炸物处理（EOD）机器人是由操作者通过远程控制完成夹持、拆除、搬运和放置爆炸物等作业任务的特种机器人。该机器人控制系统由液压控制系统、伺服控制系统、行走控制系统、视觉系统以及通信系统组成。文章主要介绍该机器人控制系统的设计与实现。     

汽车DCT变速器液压试验台的设计

介绍了汽车DCT变速器液压试验台的组成、工作原理以及该试验台的设计特点。     

并联机床开放式数控系统

介绍了并联机床开放式数控系统的软件、硬件设计。     

排爆机器人结构设计及其优化

运用结构化设计方法对自动排爆机器人的机械手、上升机构及行走机构进行了设计,并根据结构特点,以重量最轻最优为目标,以机器人高度、导杆数量、导杆厚度等为约束条件,对机器人的关键部件进行了结构优化,使得机器人整机结构好、重量轻,运动平稳。     

弧焊逆变器功率开关器件的热设计探讨

一、前言 弧焊逆变器的每一个工作过程都将经历一次或几次温度的循环过程,温升和温度循环对弧焊逆变器的可靠性有着非常不利的影响。如果热设计不合理会导致电子器件温升过高,并使之处于工作温度波动范围很大的状况下,造成电气性能、机械性能及热性能的劣化,大大影响逆变器的可靠性。 弧焊逆变器中开关器件的功耗是造成逆变器内温度升高的一个重要原因,而这种半导体器件的工作方式对温度的过高及反复变化极为敏感,是弧焊逆变器中极易发生失效的薄弱器件。一方面,过高的温升会导致半导体材料的失效:另一方面,由于器件     

火工装药过载加速度试验方法研讨

针对火工品设计和使用中要考核火工装药及其组件在发射、着靶等高过载环境下的抗过载能力．文章介绍了实弹射击、马歇特锤击、落球碰撞、冲击摆试验、霍普金森杆试验、空气炮加载等试验方法的基本原理,同时,着重对各种方法所得的试验数据精度、各自具有的优缺点进行阐述,以便在以后的设计研究中快速而有效地选取更好的考核相关过载的试验方法。     

梭阀试验台液压系统的改进

该文简要介绍了梭阀试验台液压系统改进前后的工作原理,针对该试验台的使用特性,笔者将原用的开关式电磁阀更换为软切换式电磁阀,有效降低了液压冲击.该液压系统的改造,做到了原设备利用的最大化、改造工作量的最小化,在实践取得了事半功倍的效果.