氢氧化铝/氢氧化镁复配提高乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物阻燃性能

研究了不同质量比的氢氧化铝(ATH)和氢氧化镁(MH)对乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)燃烧性能的影响,通过极限氧指数测试、垂直燃烧测试、热失重分析和锥形量热测试研究了EVA/ATH/MH复合材料的阻燃性能和热稳定性。结果表明,固定ATH和MH的添加量为60%(质量分数,下同),ATH/MH=2/1(质量比,下同)时,EVA/ATH/MH复合材料的阻燃性能最好,极限氧指数从18.3%提高到34.3%,达到UL 94V-2级别,热释放速率和热释放总量均有明显下降。     

包覆态和共混态磷酸酯/无机体系阻燃性能研究

研究了氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝或二氧化硅包覆笼状磷酸酯微胶囊以及上述3种无机阻燃剂和笼状磷酸酯复配共混用于阻燃环氧树脂的性能。采用极限氧指数,垂直燃烧（UL94）以及热分析（TG/DTG）对比了各阻燃体系的阻燃协效性能和热行为。结果表明,3种无机物在复配共混体系中都和笼状磷酸酯有较好的协同阻燃作用,而在包覆体系中阻燃性能都较差。添加量都为20 %（17 %笼状磷酸酯和3 %无机阻燃剂）,复配共混体系阻燃环氧树脂的极限氧指数可达32 %,且都可以达到UL94 V0级;而相应包覆微胶囊体系阻燃环氧树脂的极限氧指数约为24 %,阻燃级别仅达UL94 V2级。     

氯氧镁/环氧树脂阻燃复合材料的力学性能

通过拉伸和弯曲试验,研究了氢氧化镁(MH)、氢氧化铝(ATH)对氯氧镁(MOC)/环氧树脂(EP)协同阻燃复合材料力学性能的影响.结果表明:经过硅烷偶联剂处理,当MOC和ATH的质量比为1:1时,环氧树脂的力学性能最好.     

改性三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐与不同无机氢氧化物复配阻燃含磷环氧树脂研究

采用分子复合改性三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐(M-MCA)与无机阻燃剂氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁复配阻燃含磷环氧树脂。通过UL94垂直燃烧(VB)、微型燃烧量热分析(MCC)、极限氧指数(LOI)等测试对阻燃材料的燃烧性能及行为进行了表征,同时采用热失重(TGA)分析方法对阻燃材料相应的降解历程和阻燃机理进行分析。结果表明,M-MCA与氢氧化铝(ATH)组合体系对含磷环氧树脂具有显著协同阻燃效果,而与氢氧化镁(MH)则表现出对抗效应,对上述协同及对抗阻燃机理进行了分析和讨论。     

环氧树脂包覆MPP阻燃EVA的研究

通过原位聚合法制备了以环氧树脂(EP)为壁材,三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐(MPP)为芯材的环氧包覆三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐(EPMPP),将其与二乙基次磷酸铝(ADP)复配后制备了阻燃乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)复合材料,并对阻燃材料材料进行了极限氧指数、UL 94垂直燃烧测试以及热失重分析表征。结果表明,当ADP与EPMPP质量比为2:1、添加量为40%(质量分数,下同)时,阻燃复合材料的极限氧指数达到最高值31%,UL 94垂直燃烧测试达V-0级;EVA/ADP/EPMPP阻燃复合材料的初始分解温度为303℃,850℃时残炭量为18%,较EVA/ADP/MPP阻燃复合材料有较大幅度的提高。     

聚磷酸铵/Zn-Fe-LDH协效阻燃环氧树脂研究

聚磷酸铵(APP)单独应用于阻燃环氧树脂(EP)时,阻燃效率较低,往往需要较大的添加量才能达到环氧树脂复合材料的阻燃要求。通过制备层状双金属氢氧化物Zn-Fe-LDH,然后将其与聚磷酸铵复配引入环氧树脂中,成功制备出阻燃型复合材料(Zn-Fe-LDH+APP)/EP。极限氧指数(LOI)及垂直燃烧(UL94)测试表明,当Zn-Fe-LDH和APP的总添加量为5%时,(Zn-Fe-LDH+APP)/EP的LOI为28.6%,UL94可达V-1级,锥形量热结果表明,相比较纯APP,Zn-Fe-LDH和APP体系可明显降低环氧树脂的热释放和烟释放。     

水镁石／ATH／APP复合阻燃剂对UPR的阻燃、抑烟性能的影响

将水镁石、氢氧化铝(ATH)、聚磷酸铵(APP)这3种阻燃剂复配,并应用于不饱和聚酯树脂(UPR),得到阻燃型UPR复合材料。通过氧指数、垂直燃烧(UL94)、烟密度等级(SDR)、DSc-TG对阻燃复合材料的阻燃、抑烟及热稳定性能进行了研究,结果表明,在该复配阻燃体系中,水镁石、ATH、APP三者存在明显的协效作用,在水镁石：ATH：APP为2：1：1(质量比)、复合阻燃剂含量为40%时,复合材料氧指数达33．8%,垂直燃烧达FV-0级,烟密度等级为56．74,满足国家B_1级电器类热固性塑料的使用要求。     

膨胀阻燃环氧树脂/有机化凹凸棒土复合材料的制备及性能研究

考察了不同膨胀型阻燃剂(IFR)添加量对环氧树脂(EP)阻燃性能的影响,以及有机化凹凸棒土(OAT)对膨胀阻燃环氧树脂复合材料性能的影响,最后对复合材料的增韧机理及阻燃机理进行了简要分析。结果表明,在环氧树脂中加入25%的IFR,可使复合材料的氧指数(LOI)达到30%,并通过UL94 V-0级测试,但拉伸性能有所降低;在膨胀阻燃环氧树脂体系中,适量添加3%的OAT能使复合材料的力学性能有所提高,对氧指数未见协同改善效果,但都通过了UL94垂直燃烧测试。     

磷/硅复配体系阻燃环氧树脂的协同效应

通过原位溶胶-凝胶法制备了磷/硅协同阻燃环氧树脂,测试了其阻燃和热稳定性能,并通过傅立叶红外光谱表征了协同体系中主要的官能团。当复配体系中的磷、硅元素达到一定配比时,环氧树脂的极限氧指数(LOI)从19.8%提高到26.5%,达到UL94V-0级,表明硅和磷两种元素在环氧树脂中具有良好的协同阻燃效应。     

含磷阻燃剂与硼酸锌协效阻燃聚酰胺11的研究

以二乙基次磷酸铝(DEAP),三聚氰胺磷酸盐(MP)和硼酸锌(ZB)为阻燃体系对聚酰胺11(PA11)进行阻燃改性。通过极限氧指数、垂直燃烧测试(UL 94)和锥形量热仪以及热失重分析研究了阻燃体系构成对复合材料阻燃性能与热稳定性的影响,采用红外光谱对残炭成分进行分析。结果表明,添加20 % DEAP时,复合材料的极限氧指数达到28 %,UL 94 测试达到V-2级, 添加13 %DEAP/7 %MP和12.5 %DEAP/7 %MP/0.5 %ZB时,复合材料的极限氧指数可达到29 %,UL 94测试达到V-1级;DEAP对PA11的热释放速率及总热释放量有显著的控制作用,MP和ZB的加入进一步提升其阻燃性能;DEAP/MP/ZB协同使用时残炭的膨胀性、强度及致密性最好;ZB的加入使残炭中的羟基含量增加,应该是ZB的分解所致。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。