以酶法改性乳清蛋白为基质的脂肪替代品在冰淇淋中的应用

以酶法水解的乳清蛋白WPC-80为基质制备脂肪替代品,替代中脂冰淇淋中25%的脂肪。随着乳清蛋白水解度的增加,冰淇淋浆料粘度和膨胀率略有下降,抗融化率提高,制得低脂冰淇淋的各项感官指标均优于对照组。当乳清蛋白的水解度为4%时,制得的脂肪替代品添加到冰淇淋中,各项感官指标最佳。     

以果胶为基质的脂肪替代品对冰淇淋品质的影响

以果胶为基质的脂肪替代品替代冰淇淋中的脂肪,随着脂肪替代率的增加,冰淇淋浆料黏度和膨胀率增大,抗融化率下降,硬度增大.不同替代比例制得的低脂冰淇淋的各项感官指标均与中脂冰淇淋无显著差异;当替代全部脂肪时,所制得的无脂冰淇淋也有较好的感官接受性.     

以乳清蛋白为基质的脂肪替代品对酸乳品质的影响

以浓缩乳清蛋白WPC-80为基质制备脂肪替代品(Fat Replacers),替代全脂搅拌型酸乳中25%、50%、75%、100%的脂肪.随着脂肪替代率的增加,酸乳的脱水率下降,衷观粘度增大,坚实度增大,粘稠度增大.FR用于搅拌型酸乳的最佳脂肪替代率为75%.     

以乳清蛋白为基质的脂肪替代品的微粒化研究

研究了以乳清蛋白WPC-80为基质制备脂肪替代品的微粒化工艺。用组织捣碎机分别设定不同的微粒化时间和强度组合对乳清蛋白热凝胶进行微粒化处理。粒径分布分析发现微粒化处理后,50%的颗粒在10μm左右,超微结构分析发现,微粒化处理后的蛋白质凝胶表面变得光滑、柔软,可以模拟脂肪的特性。乳清蛋白脂肪替代品的最佳微粒化工艺条件为转速12 000 r/min,处理时间为5 min。     

淀粉为基质的脂肪替代品对无脂冰淇淋特性的影响

研究了淀粉为基质的脂肪替代品对无脂冰淇淋的膨胀率、抗融化能力、硬度、粘弹性和感官指标的影响,结果表明,脂肪替代品能明显增加冰淇淋的膨胀率并改善其抗融化性,当无脂冰淇淋中脂肪替代品的含量达到3%时,其融化率与中脂冰淇淋接近。脂肪替代品还能明显增加无脂冰淇淋的硬度、G'和G"。用模糊数学的方法评价了无脂冰淇淋的感官指标,发现无脂冰淇淋中脂肪替代品的最佳添加量为3%。脂肪替代品能明显改善无脂冰淇淋的感官品质。     

淀粉为基质的脂肪替代品对无脂冰淇淋特性的影响

研究了淀粉为基质的脂肪替代品对无脂冰淇淋的膨胀率、抗融化能力、硬度、粘弹性和感官指标的影响,结果表明,脂肪替代品能明显增加冰淇淋的膨胀率并改善其抗融化性,当无脂冰淇淋中脂肪替代品的含量达到3%时,其融化率与中脂冰淇淋接近。脂肪替代品还能明显增加无脂冰淇淋的硬度、G’和G\     

小麦麸脂肪替代品对低脂冰淇淋品质的影响

研究了小麦麸脂肪替代品(WBFS)部分和全部替代冰淇淋中的脂肪对冰淇淋品质的影响。结果表明:WBFS可以提高冰淇淋浆料的黏度,改善冰淇淋的膨胀率;全部脂肪被替代的冰淇淋(FFS)在抗融性、感官评定和质构方面表现出与常规冰淇淋(RF)相似或者略优的品质,而部分脂肪被替代的冰淇淋(MFS)却表现出较差的抗融性和差异明显的感官和质构特性。     

籼米为基质的脂肪替代品对冰淇淋流变学性质的影响

研究了籼米为基质脂肪替代品替代冰淇淋中不同脂肪含量对冰淇淋流变性质的影响。结果表明:随着冰淇淋配方中脂肪替代品含量增加或脂肪含量减少,冰淇淋浆料的黏度逐渐降低、冰淇淋的硬度逐渐降低、冰淇淋的黏性和弹性均逐渐下降。感官评定获得的冰淇淋的质构变化趋势与流变仪测定的冰淇淋黏弹性变化趋势一致,质构仪测定的冰淇淋硬度在8000g时感官评定结果最好。     

糯米淀粉为基质的脂肪替代品对冰淇淋流变学性质的影响

实验选取籼糯和粳糯两个品种的糯米淀粉,研究了糯米淀粉为基质的脂肪替代品替代冰淇淋中不同脂肪含量对冰淇淋流变性质的影响。结果表明:随着冰淇淋配方中脂肪替代品含量增加或脂肪含量减少,冰淇淋浆料的黏度逐渐增加、硬度逐渐降低、黏性和弹性均逐渐增加。感官评定表明,加入2%籼糯淀粉的低脂冰淇淋感官指标与中脂冰淇淋最接近。     

碳水化合物作为冰淇淋中脂肪替代品

碳水化合物作为冰淇淋中脂肪替代品罗郑生摘编（山西垣曲矿区商业饮食服务部，垣曲，０４３７００）今天市场上出现的各种不同的、在包装上标著“清淡”、“低脂”、“无糖”或“低热量”等字眼的食品和饮料，全都是含有脂肪替代物的产品。基于植物衍生物的脂肪替代物和代...     

糯米淀粉质低脂冰淇淋的品质研究

实验选取籼糯和粳糯两个品种的糯米淀粉,研究了以糯米淀粉为基质的脂肪替代品对低脂冰淇淋品质的影响。结果表明:糯米淀粉加入低脂冰淇淋提高了浆料黏度,降低了冰淇淋成品的硬度,改善了冰淇淋的抗融化性。用模糊数学的方法评价了低脂冰淇淋的感官指标,发现脂肪替代率为25%的籼糯淀粉低脂冰淇淋的感官指标与中脂冰淇淋最接近。表明低脂冰淇淋中糯米淀粉的最适添加量为25%。     

Effect of fat replacers on kefir quality

The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of fat replacers on the quality of non‐fat kefir. Skim milk fortified with Dairy Lo^® (DL) and inulin (INU) was fermented with kefir grains to manufacture kefir. The results of compositional, microbiological, rheological and sensorial analyses were compared with whole kefir (WK) and non‐fat kefir (NFK) controls. Results for dry matter, pH and lactic acid ranged between 82.4 and 109.1 g kg^?1, 4.26 and 4.40, and 7.0 and 9.2 g L^?1, respectively. Acetaldehyde and ethanol contents of samples were between 2.89 and 7.28 mg L^?1, and 151.46 and 323.89 mg L^?1, respectively. In all samples, Lactobacillus spp., Streptococcus spp. and yeast counts were between 9.1 and 9.9, 9.3 and 9.9, and 5.2 and 5.6 log cfu mL^?1, respectively. Kefir samples had non‐Newtonian behaviour and pseudoplastic fluid with thixotropy. At the first day, DL had the highest apparent viscosity (3.119 Pa s) while NFK had the lowest value (1.830 Pa s). In the sensory evaluation, odour and taste scores of samples were not different. Dairy Lo^® and inulin could be used without any adverse effect for the production of non‐fat kefir. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

The effect of using a whey protein fat replacer on textural and sensory characteristics of low-fat vanilla ice cream

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the texture of regular (12%), low fat (6%), and fat-free vanilla (0.5%) ice creams by sensory and instrumental analyses. The low fat and fat free ice cream were prepared using a whey protein based fat replacer (Simplesse ^® 100) as the fat replacement ingredient. Two processing trials with continuous commercial-like process conditions were undertaken. Sensory analyses disclosed that ice creams containing 6% of fat replacer in place of or with milk fat had no demonstrable effect on vanillin flavour. While the sensory attributes of the low fat samples were comparable to the regular vanilla ice cream, the trained sensory panel rated the fat free ice cream to have lower viscosity, smoothness and mouth coating properties. Instrumentally determined apparent viscosity data supported the sensory data. Compared with the fat replacer, milk fat significantly increased the fresh milk and cream flavours of the ice cream. Results emphasized the importance of fat as a flavour modifier and the improvement of texture by addition of Simplesse ^® 100.     

Effect of double homogenization and whey protein concentrate on the texture of ice cream

Ice cream samples were made with a mix composition of 11% milk fat, 11% milk solids-not-fat, 13% sucrose, 3% corn syrup solids (36 dextrose equivalent), 0.28% stabilizer blend, or 0.10% emulsifier and vanilla extract. Mixes were high temperature short time pasteurized at 80 degrees C for 25 s, homogenized at 141 kg/cm2 pressure on the first stage and 35 kg/cm2 pressure on the second, and cooled to 3 degrees C. The study included six treatments from four batches of mix. Mix from batch one contained 0.10% emulsifier. Half of this batch (treatment 1), was subsequently frozen and the other half (upon exiting the pasteurizer) was reheated to 60 degrees C, rehomogenized at 141 kg/cm2 pressure on the first stage and 35 kg/cm2 pressure on the second (treatment 2), and cooled to 3 degrees C. Mix from batch two contained 0.28% stabilizer blend. Half of this batch was used as the control (treatment 3), the other half upon exiting the pasteurizer was reheated to 60 degrees C, rehomogenized at 141 kg/cm2 pressure on the first stage and 35 kg/cm2 pressure on the second (treatment 4), and cooled to 3 degrees C. Batch three, containing 0.10% emulsifier and 1% whey protein concentrate substituted for 1% nonfat dry milk, upon exiting the pasteurizer was reheated to 60 degrees C, rehomogenized at 141 kg/cm2 pressure on the first stage and 35 kg/cm2 pressure on the second (treatment 5), and cooled to 3 degrees C. Batch four, containing 0.28% stabilizer blend and 1% whey protein concentrate substituted for 1% nonfat dry milk, upon exiting the pasteurizer was reheated to 60 degrees C, rehomogenized at 141 kg/ cm2 pressure on the first stage and 35 kg/cm2 pressure on the second (treatment 6), and cooled to 3 degrees C. Consistency was measured by flow time through a pipette. Flow time of treatment 3 was greater than all treatments, and the flow times of treatments 4 and 6 were greater than treatments 1, 2, and 5. Flow time was increased in ice cream mix by the addition of stabilizer. Double homogenization lowered ice cream mix flow time in the presence of stabilizer, but no difference in flow time was observed without stabilizer addition. Treatment 4 had a lower mean ice crystal size at 10 d postmanufacture compared with treatment 3; however, overall texture acceptability between treatments 3 and 4 was similar. Mean ice crystal size of treatment 6 was less at 18 wk postmanufacture compared with treatment 3; however, overall texture acceptability for treatments 3, 4, and 6 was similar. Mean ice crystal sizes of treatments 1, 2, and 5 were greater at 10 d and 18 wk compared with treatment 3. Sensory evaluation indicated that treatments 3, 4, and 6 had higher mean scores for icy, coldness intensity, and creaminess than treatments 1, 2, and 5 at 10 d and 18 wk postmanufacture.     

Increasing the protein content of ice cream

Vanilla ice cream was made with a mix composition of 10.5% milk fat, 10.5% milk SNF, 12% beet sugar, and 4% corn syrup solids. None of the batches made contained stabilizer or emulsifier. The control (treatment 1) contained 3.78% protein. Treatments 2 and 5 contained 30% more protein, treatments 3 and 6 contained 60% more protein, and treatments 4 and 7 contained 90% more protein compared with treatment 1 by addition of whey protein concentrate or milk protein concentrate powders, respectively. In all treatments, levels of milk fat, milk SNF, beet sugar, and corn syrup solids were kept constant at 37% total solids. Mix protein content for treatment 1 was 3.78%, treatment 2 was 4.90%, treatment 5 was 4.91%, treatments 3 and 6 were 6.05%, and treatments 4 and 7 were 7.18%. This represented a 29.89, 60.05, 89.95, 29.63, 60.05, and 89.95% increase in protein for treatment 2 through treatment 7 compared with treatment 1, respectively. Milk protein level influenced ice crystal size; with increased protein, the ice crystal size was favorably reduced in treatments 2, 4, and 5 and was similar in treatments 3, 6, and 7 compared with treatment 1. At 1 wk postmanufacture, overall texture acceptance for all treatments was more desirable compared with treatment 1. When evaluating all parameters, treatment 2 with added whey protein concentrate and treatments 5 and 6 with added milk protein concentrate were similar or improved compared with treatment 1. It is possible to produce acceptable ice cream with higher levels of protein.     

Effects of protein and fat levels in milk on cheese and whey compositions

Bulk tank milk was standardised to six levels of fat (3·0, 3·2, 3·4, 3·6, 3·8, 4·0%) and similarly to six levels of protein, thus giving a total of 36 combinations in composition. Milk was analyzed for total solids, fat, protein, casein, lactose and somatic cell count and was used to make laboratory-scale cheese. Cheese samples from each batch were assayed for total solids, fat, protein and salt. Losses of milk components in the whey were also determined. Least squares analysis of data indicated that higher protein level in milk was associated with higher protein and lower fat contents in cheese. This was accompanied by lower total solids (higher moisture) in cheese. Inversely, higher fat level in milk gave higher fat and lower protein and moisture contents in cheese. Higher fat level in milk resulted in lower retention of fat in cheese and more fat losses in the whey. Higher protein level in milk gave higher fat retention in cheese and less fat losses in the whey. Regression analysis showed that cheese fat increased by 4·22%, while cheese protein decreased by 2·61% for every percentage increase in milk fat. Cheese protein increased by 2·35%, while cheese fat decreased by 6·14% per percentage increase in milk protein. Milk with protein to fat ratio close to 0·9 would produce a minimum of 50% fat in the dry matter of cheese.