扁平式气流粉碎机制备超细粉体的研究

通过对磨料、填料、高分子材料、中药材等的气流粉碎制备超细粉体的过程，介绍了扁平式气流粉碎机的粉碎及分级原理、外分级系统的设计，以及操作的工艺条件对粉碎过程的影响。同时，亦对粉碎机的基本参数进行了讨论。     

Factors affecting the abrasiveness of filled rigid PVC dry blends

Abrasion due to the high speed mixing of rigid PVC dry blends filled with CaCO₃ was found to be a function of both the mixing conditions and type and level of CaCO₃ used. Laboratory scale tests showed that abrasion is a function of mix time, mix speed, and mixer blade geometry. These variables were standardized to develop a laboratory abrasion test using a Hockmeyer mixer equipped with a soft 3-in diameter aluminum mixing blade. This procedure was used to investigate the effect of CaCO₃ property variables on abrasion during rigid PVC dry blending. Multiple linear regression analysis at 30 phr CaCO₃ showed that abrasion increased with filler top cut, mean, acid insolubles, and MgCO₃ content, but diminished with an increase in percent less than 1 micron fraction. A more generalized abrasion predictor model was developed by considering surface area to be a linear function of top cut, mean, and percent less than 1 micron properties. Abrasion was greatly minimized by using finer particle size, higher surface area CaCO₃ with low acid insoluble and magnesium carbonate levels. These criteria also aid in reducing the abrasive effects of TiO₂ during dry blending through a CaCO₃/TiO₂ interaction.     

污泥水煤浆全生命周期综合评价

为了客观评价在水煤浆中掺入污泥的综合效果,以污泥水煤浆为研究对象,建立全生命周期综合评价模型,以对外供应1 t蒸汽为最终目标,以煤炭准备—水煤浆生产—水煤浆利用(普通水煤浆路线)为基准路线,对比评价煤炭、污泥准备—污泥水煤浆生产—污泥水煤浆利用(污泥水煤浆路线)全过程的技术性、经济性和环境效益。评价认为,污泥水煤浆路线全过程能源效率85.40%,全过程消耗煤炭135.69 kg、污泥32.94 kg、新鲜水487.44 kg,全过程投资8.10元,全过程成本129.08元,全过程废水、烟尘、SO2、NOx排放基本与普通水煤浆路线相当。     

不确定条件下煤化工技术经济评价方法

发展煤化工对保障我国能源安全、充分利用煤炭资源有重大的意义。但我国煤化工行业发展存在较大的不确定性。这种不确定性不仅体现在原料、市场的迅速变化和工程技术的发展趋势,也体现在环境政策和应对气候变化的约束性要求。本文介绍了不确定条件下的投资决策理论（real options analysis,简称为ROA）的基本原理、不确定因素分析方法、建模和求解及其应用于能源利用技术投资领域的研究进展。在此基础上,结合我国煤化工产业发展背景,分析了该理论方法应用于我国煤化工领域相关投资决策和行业发展政策研究的必要性、可行性和应用前景。     

煤炭资源洁净等级评价研究

对煤炭资源进行洁净等级评价是评定煤炭质量的重要方法。结合新一轮中国煤炭资源预测工作的要求,建立了煤炭资源洁净等级评价指标体系,并确定了评价方法,进行了等级量化,为进一步进行全国煤炭资源洁净等级的评价奠定了良好基础。     

煤化工项目环境影响评价中值得关注的问题

从环境容量、清洁生产、风险评价、综合利用等方面综合阐述了煤化工环境影响评价中应该予以关注的几个问题,提出了全盘考虑、提高起点、全面提升煤化工项目环境影响评价整体档次的要求。     

Dynamic properties impact toughness and abrasiveness of polymer-modified pastes by using nondestructive tests

This paper reports on the results of a study of the dynamic properties impact toughness and abrasiveness of polymer-modified pastes (PMPs) using a styrene-acrylic ester copolymer emulation. The dynamic elastic modulus E_d and the specific damping capacity Y of PMP were studied using a free vibration method. The propagation velocity of stress wave V and the scattered damping of stress wave in PMP were studied using an ultrasonic testing method. The impact toughness and abrasiveness were also studied. The dynamic modulus and the velocity of stress wave decreased with an increase in polymer-cement ratio (P/C) by mass. The specific damping capacity, impact toughness, and abrasiveness increased with an increase in P/C, thereby improving the ability of PMP to resist dynamic loads. When P/C is 15-20%, PMP demonstrates the best dynamic behaviour within the adopted range of testing.     

晋城无烟型煤试用于造气生产及评价

将无烟粉煤加工成工业型煤 ,用于合成氨化肥厂造气的试烧结果表明 ,型煤的冷、热强度及热稳定性符合合成氨造气要求 ,防水性、反应活性良好 ,生产的煤气质量高 ,化肥厂可降低成本、提高经济效益 ;煤矿在提高粉煤附加值的同时 ,又减少了粉煤储存、运输、燃烧等过程对环境的污染 ,具有良好的经济和环境效益。     

Techno-economical assessment of coal and biomass gasification-based hydrogen production supply chain system

Hydrogen is an energy carrier that represents a possible clean fuel of the future. This paper assesses the effect of biomass co-firing on gasification based hydrogen production supply chain, with carbon dioxide capture and storage, from technical, economical and environmental point of view. Several cases consisting of various feedstocks to the gasification reactor are investigated (coal only and coal in mixture with sawdust or wheat straw). Considered plant concepts generate between 330 and 460 MW hydrogen of 99.99% (vol.) purity.     

煤化工项目地下水环境影响的评价工作研究

针对煤化工项目工艺复杂,原材料、中间产品及公用工程物料在事故或非正常工况下的泄漏,存在污染地下水水质的风险,论述了煤化工项目在进行地下水环境影响评价工作过程中需要关注水文地质情况调查、污染源的确定、煤炭开采的影响、地下水污染的防治等问题,并提出了管理要点。     

光谱增感中曝光量的表达法

阐明了在光谱增感中表达光谱感光度时或在表达感光材料在非可见光范围内的感光度时使用光度学量来表示曝光量的局限性和采用辐射度量的必要性。本文介绍了这两种物理量的不同之处以及它们之间的转换方法。     

光谱增感中曝光量的表达法

阐明了在光谱增感中表达光谱感光度时或在表达感光材料在非可见光范围内的感光度时使用光度学量来表示曝光量的局限性和采用辐射度量的必要性.本文介绍了这两种物理量的不同之处以及它们之间的转换方法.     

Radiometric investigation of the desulphurisation of barite-containing iron oxides

Desulphurisation of chemically pure iron oxide briquettes well mixed with Ba³⁵SO₄, was followed radiometrically during firing or reduction within the temperature range 800–1200°C. Effective desulphurisation was observed during firing rather than reduction. The extent of dissociation of BaSO₄ depends mainly on temperature and reaches about 99% at 1200°C. The results obtained were confirmed by studies on crushed ore and ore pellets. Fluxing of ore pellets with CaO retarded desulphurisation whereas the presence of small proportions of water vapour in the reducing gas enhanced sulphur removal.     

Environmental impacts of coal combustion: A risk approach to assessment of emissions

This paper summarises some of the work performed in the Cooperative Research Centre for Coal in Sustainable Development (CCSD) on emissions from current power generation. A comprehensive approach was taken in the CCSD program to assessing environmental issues of concern for the power, and by implication the coal, industries. Here results of sampling on full scale operating plants are described, and detailed data on emission fluxes, particle size distributions, trace element concentrations as a function of particle size, and speciation of the trace elements are illustrated. The results show that particle capture in electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) is significantly less efficient than in fabric filters (FFs), particularly for submicron material, and that significant enrichment is observed in the finer particle sizes emitted from both ESPs and FFs. Results for the speciation of chromium, arsenic and selenium in coals, bottom ash and fly ash are also presented. The majority of chromium in fly ash is present in the less toxic Cr³⁺ form. Speciation of arsenic in feed coals is variable but the dominant form of As in fly ash is the less toxic As⁵⁺.     

大型煤炭企业综合考核评价系统的设计与实现

介绍了兖矿集团综合考核评价现状、基本需求和综合考核评价体系要达到的3个目标;确定了考核系统主要功能的设计方案,最终实现了采用移动设备扫描二维码方式进行民主测评的目标,提升了考核评价工作效率和集团人事考核管理的信息化水平;本系统管理端使用Grails框架开发,移动端使用uni-app开发,很好地解决了开发效率和跨平台的需求。     

Thermogravimetric assessment of combustion characteristics of blends of a coal with different biomass chars

In connection to future energy demand and fossil fuel crisis particularly in India, biomass is gaining its importance for possible use as co-fuel. In India varieties of biomass products are available which do have tremendous potentiality for co-combustion with pulverized coal. Based on the emerging need, detailed investigations are felt necessary to examine the compatibility of different kind of biomass with coal and to select suitable blend composition(s) before utilizing those biomass products in utility operation as co-fuels. This study elaborates the lab scale findings of combustion experiments in DSC-TGA apparatus with a typical Indian coal, two biomass samples and low temperature biomass chars (300 and 450 °C) as well as with ‘blends of low temperature chars and coal’. Conventional TGA parameters, activation energy and ignition index of different blends were estimated which provided elaborate information on their basic combustion features. Results of non-isothermal combustion studies in general depict that blends containing less than 50% biomass char are better performing as compared those with higher biomass char content. Lowering of activation energy and improvement of reactivity in major combustion zone were also observed in the coal/biomass-char blends. Improvement of ignition index of the blends of coal with 300 °C chars over expected weighted mean values was noticed. Such attempts may help to identify appropriate biomass-type, blend proportion for a given coal and to derive some specific advantages with respect to particular combustion practice.     

Radiometric methods for UV process design and process monitoring

A wide variety of radiometric instruments are now available for measuring the radiant characteristics of industrial and laboratory UV lamps. Relating these characteristics to the performance of a UV-cured product depends on how well the selected parameters match the critical factors of the cure process. Further, the distinction between process design and process monitoring is significant, especially in the UV exposure characteristics to be measured. The differences in instruments and the reasons for these differences are followed by suggestions of how to avoid some common errors and how to report data more completely. Optical terminology, specifications, methods, and how radiometric measures are used in system design and in production monitoring are presented. Presented at the 80th Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 30–November 1, 2002, in New Orleans, LA. 910 Clopper Rd., Gaithersburg, MD 20878. Photo courtesy of Electronic Instrumentation & Technology (EIT), Inc., Sterling, VA.     

Techno-economic assessment of pulverized coal boilers and IGCC power plants with CO 2 capture

The current studies on power plant technologies suggest that Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) systems are an effective and economic CO₂ capture technology pathway. In addition, the system in conventional configuration has the advantage of being more “CO₂ capture ready” than other technologies. Pulverized coal boilers (PC) have, however, proven high technical performance attributes and are economically often most practical technologies. To highlight the pros and cons of both technologies in connection with an integrated CO₂ capture, a comparative analysis of ultrasupercritical PC and IGCC is carried out in this paper. The technical design, the mass and energy balance and the system optimizations are implemented by using the ECLIPSE chemical plant simulation software package. Built upon these technologies, the CO₂ capture facilities are incorporated within the system. The most appropriate CO₂ capture systems for the PC system selected for this work are the oxy-fuel system and the postcombustion scheme using Monoethanolamine solvent scrubber column (MEA). The IGCC systems are designed in two configurations: Water gas shift reactor and Selexol-based separation. Both options generate CO₂-rich and hydrogen rich-gas streams. Following the comparative analysis of the technical performance attributes of the above cycles, the economic assessment is carried out using the economic toolbox of ECLIPSE is seamlessly connected to the results of the mass and energy balance as well as the utility usages. The total cost assessment is implemented according to the step-count exponential costing method using the dominant factors and/or a combination of parameters. Subsequently, based on a set of assumptions, the net present value estimation is implemented to calculate the breakeven electricity selling prices and the CO₂ avoidance cost.     

An assessment of acid wash and bioleaching pre-treating options to remove mercury from coal

The United States Environmental Protection Agency is expected to begin regulating the release of vapor-phase mercury from coal-fired power plants in the year 2007. Chemical pre-treatment methods were investigated for mercury removal effectiveness from pulverized low-sulfur North Dakota lignite coal. More limited results were obtained for a pulverized high-sulfur Blacksville bituminous coal. A two-step acid wash treatment showed removal rates of 60-90%, compared to one-step treatments with concentrated HCl, which yielded removals of 30-38%. Removal effectiveness is similar for first step solvents of water, pH 5.0 acid, or pH 2.0 acid followed by concentrated HCl as the second step solvent, and is independent of first step incubation time. Neither of two bacterial strains, Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and T. thiooxidans, was found effective for mercury removal.