基于误差加权的三维双曲线定位算法

为了减小三维空间中对未知节点定位的误差,提高三维DV-Hop算法的定位精度,提出一种基于误差加权和三维双曲线定位的三维DV-Hop改进算法.改进算法首先采用误差加权的方法处理未知节点的平均每跳距离,然后分类选择未知节点与锚节点之间的跳段距离,最后将二维双曲线法扩展到三维空间计算未知节点的坐标.仿真实验结果表明,改进算法在三维WSN环境中可以对未知节点进行有效的定位,平均定位误差和定位精度显著优于三维DV-Hop算法,相较于对比文献也有一定的提升,并且锚节点密度和通信半径对平均定位误差和定位精度的影响较小.     

基于跳距优化的改进型DV-Hop定位算法

DV-Hop定位算法是无线传感器网络节点定位的关键技术之一.传统DV-Hop定位算法节点定位,因跳数计算和跳距估计产生偏差,影响定位误差,为了提高定位精度,提出一种改进型定位算法.改进算法引入多通信半径方法细化节点间的跳数,计算未知节点平均跳距时,剔除孤立节点,并对利用锚节点得到的平均跳距进行加权归一化处理,使得未知节点定位精度提高.仿真结果显示,改进算法在不明显提高算法复杂度与通信量的基础上大大提高了定位精度.     

一种改进的无线传感器网络DV-Hop定位算法

传感器节点的自定位问题是无线传感器网络的重要研究内容之一。由于DV-Hop定位算法中误差来源主要是未知节点与锚节点间距离的估计误差,为了减小该误差,引入理想锚节点间距,排除锚节点计算出的单跳平均距离中的误差较大的部分,修正全网平均单跳距离,再对使用最小二乘法计算得到的未知节点坐标进行修正。仿真结果表明,该算法能有效提高节点定位精度,且算法对锚节点数目和节点通信半径要求较低,能有效节约网络的能耗和成本。     

多功率锚节点辅助的DV-Hop定位算法

在无线传感器网络中,DV-Hop定位算法在计算未知节点到锚节点的距离以及通信半径之内相邻节点跳距时存在较大误差,提出了一种锚节点辅助的分布式定位算法。此算法不需要任何测距技术支持。它是利用锚节点的功率控制,即以不同的发射功率发射信标信号,接收到信标信号的未知节点将这些信标信息记录。此外还考虑了用全网锚节点来修正单独锚节点的平均每跳距离,用极大似然法计算节点坐标。Matlab仿真实验结果表明,在相同网络环境下,该算法能有效减小距离计算带来的定位误差,可适合实际定位情况且具有较高的定位精度。     

基于跳距优化的DV-Hop定位算法

为提高DV-Hop算法的定位精度,该文针对DV-Hop算法存在的跳距误差累计问题提出了一种改进方案.改进的算法从减少误差的产生和扩散两方面对原始算法进行了优化,通过让锚节点以多个通信半径广播信息来降低计算平均跳距时产生的初始误差,同时又让未知节点选择累积误差最小的跳距计算距离,以减少锚节点平均跳距在通信过程中导致的误差...     

基于误差修正的DV-Hop传感器节点定位算法

传统的DV-Hop传感节点定位算法,估计未知节点与各锚节点之间距离是用跳段距离代替直线距离.在实际网络定位环境中,未知节点和锚节点之间多数是折线连接.当平均每跳距离的估计值与实际值的偏差较大时,未知节点到锚节点之间估计距离与实际距离之间的误差会增大.为解决上述问题,提出一种粒子群优化算法修正DV-Hop算法定位误差的传感器节点定位方法.采用DV-Hop算法估计待测节点和锚节点之间距离,通过三边测量法确定节点的位置,并将传感器节点定位问题转换成一个多约束优化问题,最后通过粒子群优化算法对定位误差进行修正,并通过仿真对其性能进行测试.仿真结果表明,相对传统DV-Hop算法可大幅度提高传感器节点定位精度,符合无线传感器网络定位需求,具有较好的应用价值.     

基于最优跳距处理策略的无线传感器网络智能定位算法

针对传统DV-Hop算法存在较大定位误差及忽略锚节点自身误差的问题,提出了一种基于最优跳距处理策略(PSOHD)的智能定位算法。该策略充分考虑了网络拓扑结构和锚节点自身误差对定位精度的影响,首先对锚节点引入两个通信半径,并分别统计每个锚节点通信半径范围内的节点数;然后采用加权最小二乘估计修正锚节点间的平均跳距;最后对用于未知节点位置估计的平均跳距进行筛选并加权处理。另外在定位阶段引入了粒子群优化(PSO)算法对未知节点进行定位。仿真结果表明,在适当增加节点能量消耗的条件下,改进算法的定位精度有明显改善,是一种可行的无线传感器网络(WSN)节点定位的解决方案。     

一种单移动锚节点的无线传感器网络定位算法

研究了无线传感器网络的节点定位算法,提出了一种利用一个移动锚节点来实现定位的新算法。该算法利用一个移动锚节点,按照规划好的路径遍历整个网络,当移动锚节点移动到未知节点的通信半径以内,未知节点就可以接收锚节点的位置信息。当未知节点接收到三个以上的处于其通信半径上的位置信息,就可以计算出未知节点的坐标。最后,通过仿真研究了该算法的特性,仿真结果表明该定位方法在定位误差、能耗等方面均表现出良好的性能。     

基于进化算法的多通信半径DV-Hop改进定位算法

定位是无线传感器网络中最重要的问题之一。针对DV-Hop算法定位精度低问题，提出基于进化算法的多通信半径DV-Hop改进定位算法。该方法在多通信半径定位算法基础上，使用蛙跳算法对锚节点跳距进行优化，并对其适应值函数进行改进，让跳距值更接近真实值，然后在DV-Hop算法最后阶段利用遗传算法求解未知节点坐标。实验仿真结果表明，改进算法在不增加额外硬件情况下，大大降低了定位误差，相比于传统DV-Hop算法，定位精度提高了大约69%，相比其他文献，定位精度提高了大约21%。     

融合正余弦优化与跳距优化的DV-Hop定位算法

针对DV-Hop定位算法中跳距计算不精确以及最小二乘法求解不能达到最优无偏状态导致定位不准确的问题,提出一种融合正余弦优化与跳距优化的DV-Hop定位算法,并给出了最优化锚节点的概念。该算法首先选取每个未知节点周围所有锚节点中平均跳距最小的锚节点作为最优化锚节点;然后选取其余任一锚节点与未知节点构成三角形,将最优化锚节点到未知节点的边作为三角形中的最优化边;其次利用余弦定理计算其余锚节点到未知节点的距离,达到优化跳距的目的;最后利用正余弦优化算法改进最小二乘法,利用正余弦函数的波动性寻找未知节点的最优位置。实验结果表明,该算法相比于传统DV-Hop定位算法和DV-Hop改进算法,定位误差明显降低。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.