CeO2-Al2O3复合载体负载Ni基催化剂催化COx共甲烷化性能

通过浸渍沉淀法分别制备Ni/Al₂O₃、Ni/CeO₂和Ni/CeO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂，并对其分别进行不同CO/CO₂比例下COx共甲烷化性能评价。发现Ni/Al₂O₃催化剂催化CO转化为CH4的能力明显高于Ni/CeO₂，而催化CO₂甲烷化的性能则相反。采用Ni/CeO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂，可以在提高CO转化率的同时而不降低CO₂转化率。结合BET、XRD、TPR、TPD和原位红外等各种表征手段，发现CeO₂掺杂虽然降低了催化剂的比表面积和金属Ni的分散度，但却可明显提高其吸附活化CO₂的能力，这主要是由于具有较高含量氧空位的CeO₂的掺杂可以提高载体表面碱性位，促使共甲烷过程中CO_...     

碱/碱土金属修饰Ni基催化剂的CO2吸附与甲烷化性能

采用分步浸渍法制备了碱/碱土金属修饰Ni基催化剂Ni-M/Al₂O₃ (M=K₂CO₃, Na₂CO₃, MgO, CaO)。探究了碱/碱土金属的添加对改性Ni基催化剂CO₂吸附和甲烷化性能的影响。研究发现,碱/碱土金属的添加提高了Ni/Al₂O₃催化剂表面的碱性活性位点密度,强化了其CO₂吸附性能。碱/碱土金属类型影响Ni-M/Al₂O₃催化剂碱性活性位点的分布、NiO物相的转化及Ni的分散度,进而影响其甲烷化性能。MgO添加使NiO物相转化为与载体呈强相互作用的β型和γ型NiO,降低了催化剂表面的强碱性活性位点比例,有利于CO₂吸附活化。Ni-MgO/Al₂O₃的CO₂吸附容量最高为0.68mmolCO₂/g,其CO₂转化率和CH₄选择性分别高达58.4%和95.4%,其在烟气CO₂捕集与原位甲烷化中极具应用前景。     

ZrO2-Al2O3复合载体负载Ni基催化剂COx甲烷化性能

采用浸渍和粉末压片的方法制备了两种ZrO₂-Al₂O₃复合载体并用于负载Ni基催化剂，并利用氮气等温物理吸附、X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、H₂程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）等分析手段对催化剂物化性质进行表征，考察了ZrO₂-Al₂O₃复合载体制备方法及ZrO₂的引入对Ni基催化剂在CO、CO₂和CO-CO₂共存的3种体系下甲烷化反应活性的影响。材料表征和活性测试结果表明，在CO甲烷化体系中，与单一Al₂O₃载体相比，引入ZrO₂的复合载体能有效提高催化剂中Ni物种的分散度从而增强CO甲烷化过程中催化剂活性，且粉末压片法较浸渍法制备的复合载体能有效提高催化剂的还原度，降低还原温度，但前者会大大降低催化剂的比表面积；在CO₂甲烷化体系中，当载体形貌和制备方法相同时，载体的变化对催化剂活性的影响较小，CO₂转化率主要受到制备方法不同引起的物理性质如比表面积变化的影响；在CO-CO₂共存体系中，由于CO在竞争吸附中比CO₂更容易占据活性位点，所以呈现出优先进行CO甲烷化再进行CO₂甲烷化、CO₂的含量先增多后减少的规律。     

CO2甲烷化催化剂的研究进展

CO₂甲烷化反应因其可以将温室气体CO₂转化为清洁能源(CH₄)而受到广泛关注。本文介绍了CO₂甲烷化反应的机理与热力学研究进展,分析了CO₂甲烷化催化剂活性中心、粒子尺寸和载体效应对催化剂反应性能的影响规律。介绍了高熵合金、溶出型金属等新型催化剂在CO₂甲烷化反应中的应用,总结了影响Ni基CO₂甲烷化催化剂反应稳定性的2个主要因素(粒子烧结和硫中毒)以及提高Ni基催化剂抗烧结和抗硫中毒的举措(利用限域效应、添加CeO₂等),从而为新型CO₂甲烷化催化剂的研究和开发提供理论基础。最后,对CO₂甲烷化催化剂的研究开发进行了展望。     

Ni/Al2O3催化剂对高纯HCl中微量CO2甲烷化反应的催化性能

用浸渍法制备了以Al₂O₃为载体、Ni为活性组分的Ni/Al₂O₃二氧化碳甲烷化催化剂,在等温固定床反应器中研究了在Ni/Al₂O₃催化剂作用下,高纯氯化氢中微量CO₂甲烷化反应效果,并考察了温度、压力、氯化氢体积空速以及H₂/CO₂摩尔比对CO₂转化率的影响,同时研究了催化剂活性、稳定性及其再生性能。结果表明,在温度为250℃、压力为4.0 MPa、氯化氢空速为100 h^-1、H₂/CO₂摩尔比为500:1条件下,CO₂甲烷化反应效果最好,其转化率可达到90%左右,对于高纯氯化氢中微量CO₂的脱除起到很好的效果;催化剂在温度高于300℃时,反应不久后会迅速失活;催化剂再生性能只能部分恢复到新鲜水平。     

CeO2助剂对Ni基催化剂甲烷化性能的影响

甲烷化工艺是煤制天然气的关键技术,甲烷化催化剂则是甲烷化技术的核心。Ni基催化剂具有活性高、选择性好和价格低廉等优点,但易积炭,积炭堵塞催化剂孔道,覆盖表面金属活性位,导致催化剂失活。稀土类金属氧化物（如CeO₂、La₂O₃等）对Ni基催化剂的活性、稳定性、抗积炭性能以及活性组分的分散有明显的促进作用。采用共沉淀法制备了CeO₂-La₂O₃复合氧化物载体,负载Ni后用于CO甲烷化反应,利用N2物理吸附、XRD、H₂-TPR、XPS和TG等对催化剂结构进行表征。结果表明,Ni/CeO₂-La₂O₃中CeO₂的添加主要发挥了电子助剂的作用,CeO₂的存在提高了催化剂表面Ni0周围的电子密度,促进Ni物种的还原,同时还能提高催化剂的抗积炭能力,使催化剂表现出更好的甲烷化活性与稳定性。在V（H₂）∶V（CO）=1、反应温度450 ℃、空速24 000 h^-1和常压下,Ni/CeO₂-La₂O₃催化剂的CO转化率达82.7%。     

Ni-Mn/Al2O3催化剂在浆态床中CO甲烷化催化性能

采用共浸渍法制备了Ni-Mn/Al₂O₃催化剂,考察了助剂Mn的含量对催化剂结构及浆态床CO甲烷化性能的影响。采用XRD、H₂-TPR、BET、TEM、H₂-化学吸附等表征对催化剂进行了测试分析,结果表明,Mn助剂的引入能够促进Ni物种在载体表面的分散,减弱Ni物种与载体的相互作用,降低催化剂的还原温度,提高催化剂的比表面积,减小活性金属Ni的晶粒尺寸。随着Mn含量的增加,Ni-Mn/Al₂O₃催化剂的甲烷化性能先升后降,其中以Mn含量为4%（质量分数）时的催化甲烷化性能最佳,添加过量的Mn导致活性组分Ni被部分覆盖,催化甲烷化性能下降。通过对16Ni4Mn/Al₂O₃催化剂样品的浆态床反应温度及反应压力的研究发现,当反应温度为280℃、反应压力为1.5 MPa时,催化剂样品16Ni4Mn/Al₂O₃的CO转化率及CH₄选择性分别达到96.2%和88.8%。     

耐硫甲烷化反应的研究进展

耐硫甲烷化工艺对含硫气氛和低H₂/CO比均有良好的适应性,是甲烷化技术发展的重要方向。其中Mo基催化剂是研究最为广泛的耐硫甲烷化催化剂。重点介绍了Al₂O₃、ZrO₂、CeO₂和CeO₂-Al₂O₃载体以及CoO、NiO助剂对Mo基催化剂耐硫甲烷化性能的影响;分析了催化剂的硫化机理以及CoO、NiO助剂和CeO₂载体在硫化过程中的作用,指出硫化温度是影响催化剂的物种分布和催化性能的重要因素;阐述了耐硫甲烷化反应的机理;对甲烷化催化剂的研究方向进行展望。     

煤制天然气甲烷化催化剂及机理的研究进展

煤制天然气技术是将高碳能源转化为富氢、低碳能源的有效途径,发展以煤为原料、将合成气通过甲烷化反应制备天然气是今后煤清洁利用的重要途径。介绍了国内外煤制天然气的研究现状和甲烷化反应在煤制天然气中的应用。阐述了近年来CO、CO₂甲烷化催化剂中几种常见的氧化物负载型Ni基催化剂载体(Al₂O₃、ZrO₂、SiO₂、TiO₂)和催化剂助剂的制备方法以及化学结构特点,分析了一些新型催化剂载体（MWCNT、SiC、LaFeO₃）、贵金属催化剂、非晶态合金催化剂、钙钛矿催化剂的研究现状和制备方法对催化剂催化性能的影响。分别对因高温烧结、催化剂中毒和催化剂积炭在工业上引起的甲烷化催化剂失活进行分析,并提出催化剂的改进方法。阐述CO甲烷化反应的次甲基机理、表面碳机理和变换-甲院化反应机理;近年来CO₂甲烷化反应机理尽管一直存在分歧,但在催化过程中生成含碳中间物种的理论已被认同。今后甲烷化催化剂的研究方向包括开发新型甲烷化催化剂（低温催化剂、催化剂掺杂改性）、新型复合载体、抗硫催化剂（钼、钨催化剂）以及开发甲烷化新工艺和进一步深入探索甲烷化反应机理。     

新型合成气甲烷化催化剂La2O3-ZrO2-Ni/Al2O3的制备与性能

针对常规合成气甲烷化催化剂高热结构稳定性差、活性低、适应性差等不足,本文创新地引用稀土金属氧化物La₂O₃复配过渡金属氧化物ZrO₂作为多功能复合助剂,利用反向沉淀法制备了新型合成气甲烷化催化剂La₂O₃-ZrO₂-Ni/Al₂O₃,同时制备催化剂Cr₂O₃-Ni/Al₂O₃作为参照组。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）表征了催化剂的微观结构,并利用N₂吸附仪（BET）测量催化剂经高温水热处理前后的微孔结构参数,以考察催化剂的高热结构稳定性。结合国内某大型煤制天然气项目工艺特征和运行实践,应用Aspen Plus软件模拟了四段甲烷化工艺理论平衡值。基于自主固定床合成气甲烷化评价实验装置,考察了反应压力、空速和原料气H₂O(g)含量等因素对La₂O₃-ZrO₂-Ni/Al₂O₃催化性能的影响,并开展了1000h长周期寿命评价实验。结果表明,La₂O₃-ZrO₂-Ni/Al₂O₃比Cr₂O₃-Ni/Al₂O₃具有更优的高热结构稳定性;可使CO和CO₂反应达到或接近催化剂床层出口温度下的理论平衡状态,呈现显著的宽温活性;活性组分NiO晶粒尺寸介于7~10nm,分散度较高;对反应压力、空速和原料气H₂O(g)含量的变化不敏感,具有良好的操作弹性;1000h反应后仍能保持较高的活性和稳定性。     

火焰喷雾合成法制备La0.8Sr0.2Mn1-xCuxO3催化氧化CO性能研究

采用火焰喷雾合成法制备了Sr²⁺、Cu²⁺分别取代A、B位的La_0.8Sr_0.2Mn_1-xCu_xO₃ （x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4）钙钛矿催化剂,并用于CO催化氧化实验,研究了水蒸气和CO₂对催化剂CO氧化活性的影响。对不同取代量La_0.8Sr_0.2Mn_1-xCu_xO₃ 催化剂进行了XRD、SEM、EDS、BET、XPS、H₂-TPR和O₂-TPD等表征测试。结果表明,火焰喷雾合成法制备的钙钛矿催化剂具有良好的钙钛矿相、疏松多孔结构和催化氧化活性。其中,La_0.8Sr_0.2Mn_0.9Cu_0.1O₃分别在119.4℃和133.3℃实现50%和90%的CO转化率。掺杂水蒸气和CO₂会与CO在催化剂表面形成竞争吸附,导致5种催化剂性能衰减,但La_0.8Sr_0.2Mn_0.9Cu_0.1O₃仍能在150.2℃实现90%的CO催化转化,在连续稳定性催化氧化测试中,5种催化剂性能衰减不超过10%。结合上述CO催化氧化实验,火焰喷雾合成法制备的催化剂具有良好的稳定性和催化活性,适合制备高CO催化氧化活性的钙钛矿催化剂。     

ZrO2/SiO2- and La2O3/Al2O3-supported platinum catalysts for CH4/CO2 reforming

Surface-phase ZrO₂ on SiO₂ (SZrOs) and surface-phase La₂O₃ on Al₂O₃ (SLaOs) were prepared with various loadings of ZrO₂ and La₂O₃, characterized and used as supports for preparing Pt/SZrOs and Pt/SLaOs catalysts. CH₄/CO₂ reforming over the Pt/SZrOs and Pt/SLaOs catalysts was examined and compared with Pt/Al₂O₃ and Pt/SiO₂ catalysts. CO₂ or CH₄ pulse reaction/adsorption analysis was employed to elucidate the effects of these surface-phase oxides.

The zirconia can be homogeneously dispersed on SiO₂ to form a stable surface-phase oxide. The lanthana cannot be spread well on Al₂O₃, but it forms a stable amorphous oxide with Al₂O₃. The Pt/SZrOs and Pt/SLaOs catalysts showed higher steady activity than did Pt/SiO₂ and Pt/Al₂O₃ by a factor of three to four. The Pt/SZrOs and Pt/SLaOs catalysts were also much more stable than the Pt/SiO₂ and Pt/Al₂O₃ catalysts for long stream time and for reforming temperatures above 700 °C. These findings were attributed to the activation of CO₂ adsorbed on the basic sites of SZrOs and SLaOs.     

ZrO2添加对MoO3/Al2O3催化剂耐硫甲烷化性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了ZrO₂-Al₂O₃复合载体,并进一步制备了MoO₃/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂,考察了不同ZrO₂质量分数对催化剂结构及其耐硫甲烷化性能的影响。利用N₂物理吸附、X射线衍射、H₂程序升温还原和透射电子显微镜等手段对催化剂的结构进行了表征。结果表明,MoO₃/ZrO₂-Al₂O₃中ZrO₂的添加可以明显削弱MoO₃与载体间的相互作用,促进Mo物种的还原,适量ZrO₂的存在还有助于提高催化剂的比表面积,改善Mo活性相的分散性,使催化剂表现出优异的耐硫甲烷化活性。     

Promotion effect of Re additive on the bifunctional Ni catalysts for methanation coupling with water gas shift of biogas: Insights from activation energy

The cheap manganese sand was first modified by H₂O₂ and was further creatively utilized as Ni-based catalyst support. In order to enhance the catalytic performance, Re was added into the Ni-based catalyst and the promotion effect of Re on the methanation coupling with water gas shift of biogas was investigated from the perspective of activation energy. It was found that CH₄ and CO₂ formation rates, which separately represented the reaction rate of methanation and water gas shift, were both enhanced after Re addition compared to non-added catalyst. Two kinetics models including empirical model and K-model were employed and from the results of calculation, it showed that Re selectively decreased the activation energy of methanation reaction and had little impact on the activation energy of water gas shift. The increased CO₂ formation rate was owing to the assistance of accelerated H₂O production from methanation rather than the activation energy change in water gas shift.     

La2O3助剂对甲烷干燥重整催化剂 Ni-γ-Al2O3支撑作用的研究简

The nature of support and type of active metal affect catalytic performance. In this work, the effect of using La203 as promoter and support for Ni/γ-A1203 catalysts in dry reforming of methane was investigated. The reforming reactions were carried out at atmosphenc pressure in the temperature range of 500-2700℃. The activity and stability of the catalyst, carbon formation, and syngas （H2/CO） ratio were determined. Various techniques were applied for characterization of both fresh and used catalysts. Addition of La2O3 to the catalyst matrix improved the dispersion of Ni and adsorption of CO2, thus its activity and stability enhanced.     

Bound-state Ni species — a superior form in Ni-based catalyst for CH4/CO2 reforming

The effects of nickel loading, calcination temperature, support, and basic additives on Ni-based catalyst structure and reactivity for CH₄ reforming with CO₂ were investigated. The results show that the structure of the nickel active phase strongly depends on the interactions of the metal and the support, which are related to the support properties, the additives and the preparation conditions. “Free” Ni species can be formed when the interaction is weak and their mobility makes them easily deactivated by coking and sintering. The effect of strong metal-support interaction (SMSI effect) is different for various supports. The formation of solid solution of Ni–Mg–O₂ and the blocking of TiO_x by the partially reduced TiO₂ can both decrease the availability of Ni active sites in Ni/MgO and Ni/TiO₂. The spinel NiAl₂O₄ formed in Ni/γ-Al₂O₃ might be responsible for its high activity and resistance to coking and sintering because it can produce a highly dispersed active phase and a large active surface area as bound-state Ni species when the catalyst is prepared at high calcined temperatures or with low nickel loading. The addition of La₂O₃ or MgO as alumina modifiers can also be beneficial for the performance of the Ni/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst.