广义Voronoi图求解多机器人运动规划

在拥挤环境中,由于障碍物的边界形状比较复杂,需要使用广义Voronoi图表示空间环境。且在多移动机器人的运动规划过程中,需要协调多个机器人的运动,必须得到Voronoi图通道的宽度。为此提出了一种计算拥挤障碍物环境中生成的广义Voronoi图及其通道宽度的算法。并在生成的Voronoi图上利用A*算法对多个机器人进行路径规划,并利用分布式方法协调多个机器人运动。对协调两个机器人运动的过程进行了仿真,仿真结果表明利用提出的算法生成的具有通道宽度信息的Voronoi图能够满足多移动机器人运动规划的需要。     

基于RGB-D信息的移动机器人SLAM和路径规划方法研究与实现

移动机器人在各种辅助任务中需具备自主定位、建图、路径规划与运动控制的能力。本文利用RGB-D信息和ORB-SLAM算法进行自主定位,结合点云数据和GMapping算法建立环境栅格地图,基于二次规划方法进行平滑可解析的路径规划,并设计非线性控制器,实现了由一个运动底盘、一个RGB-D传感器和一个运算平台组成的自主移动机器人系统。经实验验证,这一系统实现了复杂室内环境下的实时定位与建图、自主移动和障碍物规避。由此,为移动机器人的推广应用提供了一个硬件结构简单、性能良好、易扩展、经济性好、开发维护方便的解决方案。     

特征点提取下的AGV栅格法建模与分析

栅格法作为一种在移动机器人路径规划中的常用算法,其具有信息量少、结构简单的特点,但传统栅格法通常由于其栅格过多而影响算法的有效性.针对这一问题,提出了一种特征点提取的改进栅格法,该方法利用特征提取的思想将障碍物栅格的顶点作为特征点提取出来,在这些特征点间进行路径规划,该方法简化了算法的规划范围.将新的栅格法应用于不同种...     

基于细化算法的移动机器人拓扑地图创建

在大规模未知环境中,移动机器人要自主完成导航和路径规划等智能任务,关键问题是创建周围环境地图.拓扑地图.以图(Graph)的结构形式表现-个环境的连通性,是一种紧凑的环境表示方法.文中借鉴图像处理中的细化算法来创建室内环境的拓扑地图,首先以栅格地图建模机器人环境,然后将环境的栅格地图进行细化,提取出环境的有效拓扑信息.而且,此方法创建的拓扑地图,未直接使用传感器原始数据,对环境的变化具有较强的鲁棒性.仿真实验结果表明,基于细化算法创建的环境拓扑地图,清晰、简洁,不会产生多余的节点和路径信息.相比于栅格地图,信息存储量明显减少,从而提高了移动机器人自主运行、导航和路径规划的能力,大大提高了系统的工作效率.     

粒子群优化的移动机器人路径规划算法

针对移动机器人在复杂环境下采用传统方法路径规划收敛速度慢和局部最优问题,提出了斥力场下粒子群优化（PSO）的移动机器人路径规划算法。首先采用栅格法对机器人的移动路径进行初步规划,并将栅格法得到的初步路径作为粒子的初始种群,根据障碍物的不同形状和尺寸以及障碍物所占的地图总面积确定栅格粒度的大小,进而对规划路径进行数学建模;然后根据粒子之间的相互协作实现对粒子位置和速度的不断更新;最后采用障碍物斥力势场构造高安全性适应度函数,从而得到一条机器人从初始位置到目标的最优路径。利用Matlab平台对所提算法进行仿真,结果表明,该算法可以实现复杂环境下路径寻优和安全避障;同时还通过对比实验验证了算法收敛速度快,能解决局部最优问题。     

基于近似Voronoi图的移动机器人实时路径规划

运用Voronoi图理论及人工势场理论,研究了一种基于近似Voronoi图的移动机器人实时路径规划的方法,用来实现未知室内环境中移动机器人的自主导航。该方法朝向预先定义的目标点位置来探测室内环境,生成近似Voronoi图,同时利用人工势场法进行避障,生成一条能达到目标点的安全、光滑路径。仿真结果表明,该方法简单且易于实现,同时能够减少规划时间。     

非结构化环境中基于拓扑约束的地面无人驾驶路径规划算法

针对非结构化环境地面无人驾驶路径规划过程中路径避障以及多车路径冲突的难题,通过同调以及de Rham上同调对环境中障碍物拓扑信息的精确描述,提出一种拓扑约束下基于A*算法且用时更短的路径规划算法.该算法可实现非结构化环境中多无人车全局路径的拓扑分类,从而为多车的协同规划提供一种新的研究思路.此外,结合C-空间动态广义Voronoi图(GVD)的路径拓扑分离特性,提出一种拓扑约束下可用于多无人车全局路径规划的高效算法-----C-空间-GVD-${h_S     

基于智能路径规划算法的移动机器人系统设计

提出了移动机器人的一种全局路径规划与局部路径规划相结合的新型算法.在以TMS320LS2407A为核心处理器设计的移动机器人平台上,研究移动机器人智能路径规划的算法问题并予以实现.上位机规划机器人的最优路径,并通过与机器人无线通信,发送路径信息,实时接收机器人方位信息.上位机通过操作应用程序对机器人进行监控.机器人能够自主计算轨迹并准确跟踪路径,检测到障碍物后,智能地重新规划路径,避开障碍物到达目的地.实验结果表明:该方法能有效实现机器人的最佳行走路线规划.     

移动机器人全覆盖信度函数路径规划算法

针对移动机器人全覆盖路径规划问题,给出一种基于栅格信度函数的全覆盖路径规划算法。目的是为了控制移动机器人能够遍历工作区域中所有的可到达点,同时保证能够自动避开障碍物。首先,根据环境的信息对栅格地图进行赋值,使用不同的函数值表示障碍物、已覆盖栅格和未覆盖栅格;其次,判断机器人是否陷入死区引入不同方向信度函数,对栅格函数值进行调整;最后,机器人根据栅格信度函数值规划覆盖路径。本文所提及的算法不仅能够引导移动机器人实现工作区域的全覆盖而且能够快速逃离死区,实现覆盖路径的低重复率。仿真实验中,通过与生物启发神经网络算法的比较,证明本文提及算法有更高的覆盖效率。     

基于栅格空间V图的无人机路径规划

在进行无人机低空飞行的路径规划时,障碍物已不能简单的简化为点状;针对该问题,首先将带有面状障碍物的图片格式地图以像素为单位进行栅格划分,在定义了栅格距离后,进行距离变换,并运用边界跟踪方法生成栅格空间V图;其次,将A-Star算法的启发思想引入到蚁群算法中,并修改了启发信息计算公式以使蚁群算法更适合于栅格空间优化;最后,以栅格空间V图为初始路径,运用改进的蚁群算法进行优化选择,得到了满意的路径规划结果。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.