基于聚类的数据敏感属性匿名保护算法*

为了防止数据敏感属性的泄露,需要对数据敏感属性进行匿名保护。针对l-多样性模型当前已提出的算法大多是建立在概念层次结构的基础上,该方法会导致不必要的信息损失。为此,将基于属性泛化层次距离KACA算法中的距离度量方法与聚类结合,提出了一种基于聚类的数据敏感属性匿名保护算法。该算法按照l-多样性模型的要求对数据集进行聚类。实验结果表明,该算法既能对数据中的敏感属性值进行匿名保护,又能降低信息的损失程度。     

抵抗背景知识攻击的电子病历隐私保护新算法

在区域医疗信息共享下,传统的匿名化隐私保护算法面对背景知识攻击时抵抗力较差。为此,提出一种敏感属性聚类匿名算法。利用敏感属性之间的关联进行微聚类,使等价组中敏感属性之间在相似性增大的同时存在差异性,从而较好地抵抗背景知识攻击,提高抗泄露风险能力。实验结果表明,该算法能减小数据信息表中的隐私泄露风险。     

多维敏感属性隐私保护数据发布方法

在匿名数据发布中,当敏感属性为多维时,攻击者有可能能够获取一维或几维敏感属性信息,并且结合准标识符信息对其他敏感属性进行推理攻击。针对此问题提出（Dou-l）-匿名模型,更好地保护了敏感信息。基于多维桶和分解思想,提出（Dou-l）-匿名算法,使得即便攻击者掌握了部分敏感数据,仍然能较好地保护其他敏感属性数据的隐私安全性。实际数据实验证明,算法可以较好地均衡发布数据的安全性和可用性。     

一种基于变长聚类的个性化匿名保护方法

针对链接攻击导致的隐私泄露问题,以及为了尽可能减少匿名保护时产生的信息损失,提高发布数据集的可用性,提出一种面向个体的基于变长聚类的个性化匿名保护方法。该方法充分考虑记录权重值对聚类簇中心结果的影响,以提高数据的可用性,并对敏感属性值进行分级处理,将敏感属性值分成三个等级类,响应不同个体的保护需求。理论分析和实验结果表明,该方法能满足敏感属性个性化保护需求,同时可有效地降低信息损失,效率较高,生成的匿名数据集具有较好的可用性。     

基于杂度增益与层次聚类的数据匿名方法

数据匿名是发布数据时对隐私信息进行保护的重要手段之一.对数据匿名的基本概念和应用模型进行了介绍,探讨了数据匿名结果应该满足的要求.为了抵制背景知识攻击,提出了一种基于杂度增益与层次聚类的数据匿名方法,该方法以杂度来度量敏感属性随机性,并以概化过程中信息损失最小、杂度增益最大的条件约束来控制聚类的合并过程,可以使数据匿名处理后的数据集在满足k-匿名模型和l-多样模型的同时,使数据概化的信息损失最小且敏感属性的取值均匀化.在实验部分,提出了一种对数据匿名结果进行评估的方法,该方法将匿名结果和原始数据进行对比,并从平均信息损失和平均杂度2个方面来评估数据匿名的质量.实验结果验证了以上方法的有效性.     

大数据模式分解的隐私保护研究

现有的大多数隐私保护技术往往忽略了敏感属性不同取值和准标识符属性之间存在的特殊关联,并且各领域对数据隐私保护的多方面要求,使得发布的匿名数据需要满足复合隐私约束。对近似敏感属性值和复合隐私约束进行分析,提出了基于大数据模式分解和聚类分析的隐私保护算法。给出了聚类敏感属性值保护相似值方法,设置不同权重的敏感属性,保留重要的属性。使用三维不规则结构矩阵的效用矩阵,来获取精度较高的匿名数据,实现匿名数据的模式分解。在真实数据集上的大量实验结果表明,该算法的数据精确率、数据纠错率都有明显提升,近似攻击率降低。     

基于聚类杂交的隐私保护轨迹数据发布算法

传统关于轨迹数据发布的隐私保护研究大多采用聚类技术,其相关算法只关注每条轨迹的隐私保护,忽视对轨迹聚类组特征的保护.通过理论分析和实验验证发现,对采用聚类发布技术产生的轨迹数据进行二次聚类,可得到原始轨迹数据在发布之前的聚类组特征,从而可能导致隐私泄露.为了有效预防二次聚类攻击,提出一种(k,δ,△)-匿名模型和基于该模型的聚类杂交隐私保护轨迹数据发布算法CH-TDP,算法CH-TDP对采用(k,δ)-匿名模型及相关算法处理得到的聚类分组先进行组间杂交,而后再进行组内扰乱,其目标在防止出现二次聚类攻击的前提下,保证发布轨迹数据的质量不低于阈值△.实验对算法CH-TDP的可行性及有效性与同类算法进行比较分析,结果表明算法CH-TDP是有效可行的.     

多维敏感k-匿名隐私保护模型

针对数据挖掘中私有信息的保护问题,提出一种多维敏感k-匿名隐私保护模型。将敏感属性泄露问题分为一般泄露、相似泄露、多维独立泄露、交叉泄露和多维混合数据泄露,在k-匿名的基础上,以聚类特性对多维敏感属性进行相似性标记,寻找匿名记录,计算剩余记录与已分组记录的相似性,泛化并发布满足匿名模型的数据集。实验结果表明,该模型适用于多维敏感数据,能防止隐私泄露,数据可用性较好。     

面向缺失数据的数据匿名方法

在数据发布过程中,为了防止隐私泄露,需要对数据的准标识符属性进行匿名化,以降低链接攻击风险,实现对数据所有者敏感属性的匿名保护.现有数据匿名方法都建立在数据无缺失的假设基础上,在数据存在缺失的情况下会直接丢弃相关的记录,造成了匿名化前后数据特性不一致.针对缺失数据匿名方法进行研究,基于k-匿名模型提出面向缺失数据的数据匿名方法KAIM(k-anonymity for incomplete mircrodata),在保留包含缺失记录的前提下,使在同一属性上缺失的记录尽量被分配到同一分组参与泛化.该方法将分组泛化前后的信息熵变化作为距离,基于改进的k-member 算法对数据进行聚类分组,最后通过基于泛化层次的局部泛化算法对组内数据进行泛化.实际数据集的大量实验结果表明,KAIM 造成信息缺损仅为现有算法的43.8%,可以最大程度地保障匿名化前后数据特性不变.     

一种基于K-匿名聚类的可穿戴设备数据重发布方法

近年来,可穿戴设备被广泛地被应用于日常生活。用户量增加造成的可穿戴设备数据重发布是导致隐私泄漏的一个重要原因。为此,数据匿名化重发布方法受到了广泛关注。然而,现有的数据匿名化重发布方法存在两个方面的不足:一方面,现有的数据匿名化重发布算法可能会造成严重的信息损失或用户隐私数据的泄漏;另一方面,现有的数据匿名化重发布算法在兼顾保护用户隐私和减少信息损失的情况下会造成较高的发布成本。为了兼顾隐私安全和数据可用性,并且提高数据重发布算法的效率,结合可穿戴设备自身的特点,提出基于聚类的数据匿名化重发布算法,该算法直接对增量数据进行基于聚类匿名化操作,使数据匿名化重发布更为高效。此外,在数据量较大的应用场景中,基于聚类的数据匿名化重发布算法可以有效减少信息损失。实验结果表明,基于聚类的数据匿名化重发布算法能够在保证用户隐私安全的前提下减少信息的损失并且提高执行效率。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.