Mg掺杂AlN的磁性

采用基于密度泛函理论(Density function theory,DFT)的第一性原理方法,计算研究了AlN中掺杂Mg后的电子结构和磁性。我们从理论上给出了AlN∶Mg的晶体结构参数和电子结构,计算了铁磁相和反铁磁相的总能,发现AlN∶Mg具有半金属特性,并且其铁磁相更稳定。我们通过分析比较AlN和AlN∶Mg的电子结构,解释了非磁性杂质Mg掺杂在AlN中产生磁性的原因是Mg取代Al后,会在自旋向下的价带顶部引入空穴,导致费米能级移入价带中,从而使自旋向上和自旋向下的态密度产生不对称的分布,从而导致材料中有净磁矩。另外,通过比较AlN∶Mg的多种构型的形成能,发现在纤锌矿结构AlN中掺入Mg比较容易实现,在闪锌矿结构中次之,但对于其它几何构型,由于形成能太高,Mg很难掺入到材料中。这种材料可作为制备非磁性掺杂的半导体自旋电子器件的备选材料。     

Co掺杂棒状ZnO的水热法合成及其磁性研究

采用水热法制备了棒状Zn1-xCoxO(x=0.005,0.01,0.03)晶体材料。利用X射线衍射、场发射扫描电镜和超导量子干涉仪对样品的结构、形貌和磁性进行了表征。结果表明:x=0.005和0.01的样品均为纯相六方纤锌矿结构,x=0.03的样品中除了六方纤锌矿结构的主相外,还含有立方相Co3O4;所制备的样品均呈棒状;磁性测量显示,x=0.005的样品呈顺磁性,x=0.01和0.03的样品均呈现室温铁磁性。样品的室温铁磁性是由Co离子对ZnO中的Zn离子的替代形成的。     

Fluorinated microwave exfoliated graphite oxide: structural features and double layer capacitance

Fluorinated microwave exfoliated graphite oxide (MEGO) samples containing 5.7–29.3 at.% of fluorine were prepared by gas phase treatment of MEGO with XeF₂. According to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy data, fluorination of MEGO occurs at C=C bonds while leaving the oxygenated domains intact, and increases the O/C ratio. Cyclic voltammetry studies of fluorination effect on double layer capacitance of MEGO shows 67% growth of its specific capacitance, making such and related carbon materials prospective for supercapacitor applications.     

Synthesis of Ultrathin Metallic MTe2 (M = V,Nb, Ta) Single‐Crystalline Nanoplates

Two‐dimensional materials with intrinsic magnetism have recently drawn intense interest for both the fundamental studies and potential technological applications. However, the studies to date have been largely limited to mechanically exfoliated materials. Herein, an atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition route to ultrathin group VB metal telluride MTe₂ (M = V, Nb, Ta) nanoplates with thickness as thin as 3 nm is reported. It is shown that the resulting nanoplates can be systematically evolved from mostly thicker hexagonal domains to thinner triangular domains with an increasing flow rate of the carrier gas. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy studies reveal MTe₂ (M = V, Nb, Ta) nanoplates are high‐quality single crystals. High‐resolution scanning transmission electron microscope imaging reveals the VTe₂ and NbTe₂ nanoplates adopt the hexagonal 1T phase and the TaTe₂ nanoplates show a monoclinic distorted 1T phase. Electronic transport studies show that MTe₂ single crystals exhibit metallic behavior. Magnetic measurements show that VTe₂ and NbTe₂ exhibit ferromagnetism and TaTe₂ shows paramagnetic behavior. The preparation of ultrathin few‐layered MTe₂ nanoplates will open up exciting opportunities for the burgeoning field of spintronics, sensors, and magneto‐optoelectronics.     

Fe掺杂量和退火氛围对TiO2薄膜晶体结构和磁性能的影响

采用直流磁控溅射方法在玻璃基片上制备了不同Fe掺杂量的TiO2薄膜,并对薄膜分别在空气和真空氛围下500℃进行30min退火处理。研究了Fe掺杂量和退火氛围对TiO2薄膜的结晶状态、表面形貌和磁性能的影响。结果表明,真空中500℃下退火的Fe掺杂的TiO2薄膜表现为非晶态结构,没有观察到室温铁磁性能的出现,而空气中500℃退火的样品显示出良好的结晶状态,且所有掺杂的样品均显示出室温铁磁性,并且随着Fe掺杂量的增加,TiO2薄膜的晶体结构逐渐由锐钛矿相向金红石相转变。     

2D Intrinsic Ferromagnetic MnP Single Crystals

2D intrinsic ferromagnetic materials are highly anticipated in spintronic devices due to their coveted 2D limited magnetism. However, 2D non‐layered intrinsic ferromagnets have received sporadic attention, which is largely attributed to the fact that their synthesis is still a great challenge. Significantly, manganese phosphide (MnP) is a promising non‐layered intrinsic ferromagnet with excellent properties. Herein, high‐quality 2D MnP single crystals formed over liquid metal tin (Sn) is demonstrated through a facile chemical vapor deposition technique. The introduction of liquid metal Sn provides a fertile ground for the growth of 2D MnP single crystals. Interestingly, 2D MnP single crystals maintain their intrinsic ferromagnetism and exhibit a Curie temperature above room temperature. The research enriches the diversity of 2D intrinsic ferromagnetic materials, opening up opportunities for further exploration of their unique properties and rich applications.     

Re Doping in 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides as a New Route to Tailor Structural Phases and Induced Magnetism

Alloying in 2D results in the development of new, diverse, and versatile systems with prospects in bandgap engineering, catalysis, and energy storage. Tailoring structural phase transitions using alloying is a novel idea with implications in designing all 2D device architecture as the structural phases in 2D materials such as transition metal dichalcogenides are correlated with electronic phases. Here, this study develops a new growth strategy employing chemical vapor deposition to grow monolayer 2D alloys of Re‐doped MoSe₂ with show composition tunable structural phase variations. The compositions where the phase transition is observed agree well with the theoretical predictions for these 2D systems. It is also shown that in addition to the predicted new electronic phases, these systems also provide opportunities to study novel phenomena such as magnetism which broadens the range of their applications.     

质子辐照对Yb掺杂ZnO稀磁半导体薄膜缺陷与磁性的影响

采用电感耦合等离子体增强物理气相沉积法制备了Yb掺杂ZnO薄膜, 并采用不同剂量质子对薄膜进行了辐照实验, 重点采用X射线衍射、光电子能谱、正电子湮灭图谱和磁测量系统对Zn_0.985Yb_0.015O薄膜的缺陷和磁性能进行了研究。磁性测试结果表明: Zn_0.985Yb_0.015O薄膜经质子辐照后其饱和磁化强度随辐照剂量的增加逐渐增大, 当辐照剂量为6 × 10¹⁵ ions/cm²时, 其饱和磁化强度达到最大, 随着辐照剂量的进一步增加, 其饱和磁化强度反而变小。正电子湮灭图谱结果显示薄膜中主要存在锌空位相关的缺陷, 并且锌空位相关的缺陷随辐照剂量的变化与饱和磁化强度随辐照剂量的变化相一致。本研究从实验上揭示了在含有各种缺陷的Yb掺杂ZnO薄膜中, 锌空位缺陷是影响质子辐照Zn_0.985Yb_0.015O薄膜磁性的主要原因。     

Influence of graphite filler on two-body abrasive wear behaviour of carbon fabric reinforced epoxy composites

The influence of graphite filler additions on two-body abrasive wear behaviour of compression moulded carbon–epoxy (C–E) composites have been evaluated using reciprocating wear unit and pin-on-disc wear unit under single pass and multi-pass conditions respectively. The carbon fabric used in the present study is a plain one; each warp fiber pass alternately under and over each weft fiber. The fabric is symmetrical, with good stability and reasonable porosity. Abrasive wear studies were carried out under different loads/abrading distance using different grades of SiC abrasive paper (150 and 320 grit size). Graphite filler in C–E reduced the specific wear rate. Further, the wear volume loss drops significantly with increase in graphite content. Comparative wear performance of all the composites showed higher specific wear rate in two-body wear (single-pass conditions) compared to multi-pass conditions. Further, the tribo-performance of C–E indicated that the graphite filler inclusion resulted in enhancement of wear behaviour significantly. Wear mechanisms were suggested and strongly supported by worn surface morphology using scanning electron microscopy.     

3d过渡族金属杂质在硅中的行为

本文综述了３ｄ过渡族金属在直拉硅单晶中的扩散、溶解、沉淀及间隙位演变等性质，介绍了国际上在此领域的研究进展，为进一步开展这方面的工作提供了有益的借鉴。     

热处理条件对氧化石墨结构和导电性能的影响

氧化石墨是石墨的氧化产物．由于它的碳层表面引入了很多极性功能团，使得很多分子都能够嵌入其层间形成纳米复合物，但也正是这些功能团使得它散失了石墨良好的导电性。为了考察氧化石墨受热处理后还原的可能性，通过X-射线衍射、扫描电镜、红外光谱分析以及元素分析等手段研究了氧化石墨在不同热处理条件下的结构变化。研究发现热处理时的升温速度对氧化石墨的结构影响很大，快速升温时，氧化石墨迅速分解，发生膨胀形成类似于膨胀石墨的含有丰富的50nm至5μm左右孔洞的一种结构；而当缓慢升温时，氧化石墨随着热处理温度的升高，逐渐恢复成类似于石墨的结构，同时电导率也随热处理温度的升高而提高，当热处理温度高于180℃时，电导率大于1S／cm。这些结果表明利用氧化石墨作为前驱体，通过先制备聚合物／氧化石墨纳米复合物后经热处理来得到导电性的聚合物／碳纳米复合材料是可行的。     

Manganese distribution and effect on graphite shape in advanced cast irons

The manganese contribution to a change of the graphite shape (in nodular graphite cast irons) has never been revealed. We made obvious the negative action of this element on the nodularization of graphite. Using SEM, we observe a significant change of the shape of the precipitated graphite (decrease of the shape coefficient values), depending on the cooling rate, the nature and the quantity of the nodularizing elements. The distribution of manganese and silicon in the metallic matrix and in the nodular graphite of cast irons with various amounts of manganese was studied using Castaing Scanning X-ray Microprobe. The distribution profiles of (K_α^Mn and K_α^Si) show that polycarbides appear on the graphite periphery in the cast iron with manganese contents over 1.0% (confirmed by SEM-EDX analysis). These chemical compounds influence the slowing down of the expected growth of graphite during the austenitic decomposition. This allows us to suggest that manganese would be added to the referenced antinodularizing elements group (O, S, halogens and Pb, Te, Ti, Cu, Al, Sn, Sb, Bi).     

黄绿荧光碳化硅包覆石墨材料的制备与表征

以膨胀石墨与硅溶胶为原料制备出一种碳化硅包覆石墨材料。利用电子显微镜、X射线衍射技术、热重分析和荧光光谱技术对样品的形貌、结构、组成以及光致发光性能进行表征。结果表明,与碳化硅材料相比,碳化硅包覆石墨材料的发光频带发生红移,即由原来的蓝光红移至黄绿光,拓展了碳化硅的光致发光光谱。其原因是由于位于材料内部的石墨与外部的碳化硅之间形成的内电场阻碍了电子回归基态,从而使得光电子恢复到基态所释放的能量低于纯碳化硅释放的能量。     

Intrinsic Van Der Waals Magnetic Materials from Bulk to the 2D Limit: New Frontiers of Spintronics

2D van der Waals (vdW) magnets, which present intrinsic ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic ground states at finite temperatures down to atomic‐layer thicknesses, open a new horizon in materials science and enable the potential development of new spin‐related applications. The layered structure of vdW magnets facilitates their atomic‐layer cleavability and magnetic anisotropy, which counteracts spin fluctuations, thereby providing an ideal platform for theoretically and experimentally exploring magnetic phase transitions in the 2D limit. With reduced dimensions, the susceptibility of 2D magnets to a large variety of external stimuli also makes them more promising than their bulk counterpart in various device applications. Here, the current status of characterization and tuning of the magnetic properties of 2D vdW magnets, particularly the atomic‐layer thickness, is presented. Various state‐of‐the‐art optical and electrical techniques have been applied to reveal the magnetic states of 2D vdW magnets. Other emerging 2D vdW magnets and future perspectives on the stacking strategy are also given; it is believed that they will excite more intensive research and provide unprecedented opportunities in the field of spintronics.     

Influence of date palm fibre and graphite filler on mechanical and wear characteristics of epoxy composites

In this article, mechanical and tribological performance of the epoxy composites based on graphite filler and/or date palm fibre are comprehensively discussed. The influence of the date palm fibre and/or graphite filler on the microstructure of the materials, tensile fracture samples, and worn surface of tribological samples are examined using scanning electron microscopy. The results revealed that interfacial adhesion of the date palm fibre with the epoxy is the key of the mechanical and tribological performance of natural fibre/polymer composites. The addition of the graphite is highly recommended for the natural fibre/polymer composites which can assist to reduce the friction which in turn enhances the wear characteristics of the polymer composites; however, the high content of the graphite deteriorates the mechanical properties.     

化学气相沉积法在液态金属上制备2D MoP单晶

二维过渡金属磷化物(TMPs)有许多新奇的性质和应用.作为二维TMPs的一员,二维MoP有许多独特的物理化学性质.然而由于缺乏制备二维MoP的方法,目前还未成功制备二维MoP,因此限制了对二维MoP众多性质的探索.本文采用化学气相沉积法在液态金属镓(Ga)上制备了厚度为10 nm的二维MoP单晶.液态Ga具有原子级平整的表面,能作为制备二维材料的合适生长基底.在生长过程中, Mo源扩散到Ga表面与磷源反应,从而在Ga表面反应得到二维MoP单晶.此外,由于二维MoP具有本征的非中心对称结构,文中首次研究了二维MoP的二次谐波信号的产生.本文为其他二维TMPs的制备和性质探索提供了新思路.     

Influence of bond defects on coiling of graphite

The effect of annealing at 1400 °C in argon on the bond structure of graphite ball milled for 100 h at 400 rpm in polar (water) and in non-polar (n-dodecane) liquids was investigated primarily by near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Carbon K-edge NEXAFS allows the distortion of bonds in the hexagonal lattice to be investigated. It is shown that in-plane sp² bonds are strained and distorted after ball milling because sp³ bonds are introduced. Not surprisingly, annealing of the milled product restores sp² bonds but at the same time, coiling and formation of tube-like structures takes place. It is well established that graphite is not formed on annealing, and hence the results shown here demonstrate that the loss of sp³ carbons on annealing must proceed via a different mechanism by which they are formed by milling.