生物接触氧化法去除微污染水源水中的氨氮

采用生物接触氧化法对北京某水库的微污染水源水进行了除氨效果研究。结果表明,生物接触氧化法具有较好的除氨效果,生物接触氧化原水氨氮的质量浓度在不大于0.234mg/L时,氨氮的月平均去除率为30.8%~72.9%,进水氨氮的质量浓度人工增加至0.126~2.080mg/L时,氨氮去除率最高可达97.4%,平均去除率为71.2%。同时探讨了水温及进水氨氮的质量浓度对氨氮去除效果的影响。     

UBAF组合工艺处理低浓度氨氮性能研究

采用UBAF组合工艺处理低浓度氨氮废水,考察了气水比、水力负荷、有机负荷、填料高度等工艺参数对氨氮去除效果的影响.结果表明,当进水氨氮浓度在2.07～22.9 mg·L-1之间时,氨氮平均去除率可达45.1%.确定最佳工艺参数如下:气水比为2∶1,进水流量为0.6 L·h-1,水力负荷为0.31 m3·m-2·h-1,填料高度为60 cm,进水CODCr浓度低于40 mg·L-1.     

序批式IAL-CHS反应器去除氨氮和总磷的试验研究

为研究序批式IAL-CHS反应器处理去除总磷(TP)和氨氮的特性,用模拟废水进行小试研究。试验结果表明:进水氨氮为12.35～20.22mg/L,出水氨氮为0.79～9.52mg/L,去除率为41.85%～96.09%,平均去除率为76.3%;进水TP为1.89～3.33mg/L,出水TP为1.55～3.12mg/L,去除率为3.05%～24.32%,平均去除率为11.31%;该生物反应器具有良好的耐氨氮冲击负荷能力,而且丝状菌大量繁殖对氨氮和TP去除率的影响不明显。     

负荷冲击对SBR系统处理高盐有机废水的影响

采用SBR系统处理高盐有机废水,考察了有机负荷、氨氮负荷和盐度负荷冲击对COD和NH_3-N去除效果的影响。结果表明,进水COD浓度在1021.6～4981.2mg/L范围内波动时,COD去除率能保持在90%以上,但降低有机负荷会导致COD去除率略有降低。降低进水NH_3-N浓度对其去除的影响较小,而升高NH_3-N浓度到297.5～495.9 mg/L时,需连续运行2～3个周期后NH_3-N去除率才能恢复至90%以上。盐度负荷的降低对COD和NH_3-N去除率的影响较小,当NaCl浓度升高到41197.2～65915.5 mg/L时,连续运行2个周期后COD和NH_3-N去除率可恢复到90%以上。     

曝气生物活性炭滤池处理高浓度尿素废水的中试研究

针对含有高浓度尿素的某石化厂工艺冷凝液废水,采用曝气生物活性炭滤池(BACF)对其进行中试研究,考察了进水氨氮浓度、pH、水力负荷对尿素去除效果的影响.试验结果表明:BACF对进水氨氮和pH具有很宽的适应范围,当进水氨氮质量浓度在200 me/L(对应的游离氨质量浓度为64.48 mg/L)以下时,氨氮基本不对尿素去除效果产生影响;当进水pH为7.0～11.0时,pH对尿素的去除效果没有影响;在该试验条件下,BACF工艺理想的水力负荷为2.1 m3/(m2?h).     

海泡石填料人工湿地系统对氮磷污染物的去除研究

采用活化海泡石做为人工湿地系统的填料,考察该系统对生活污水中的氨氮和总磷去除效果。结果表明,海泡石人工湿地系统对氨氮和总磷均有较好的去除效果,进水为10L的最佳进水量时,人工湿地对氨氮去除率较高,进水浓度在12mg/L,pH在5．5时去除率可接近85％;总磷的去除在进水浓度为2mg/L,pH值为6．5时去除率可达到91．1％。     

A/SMBBR工艺处理高氨氮戊二胺废水

采用A/SMBBR工艺进行中试实验,探究该工艺处理高氨氮DN5废水的可行性,反应器进水分别为DN5废水与预处理过的D)废水混合(I阶段)和单一DN5废水(Ⅱ阶段)。结果表明,第I阶段进水氨氮质量浓度由50mg/L提升到450 mg/L,尽管进水中COD和氨氮波动幅度大,但A/SMBBR工艺对污水中COD和氨氮的平均去除率可达到96.23%和97.03%,其中氨氮的平均出水质量浓度为3.56 mg/L,此阶段A/SMBBR工艺表现出极强的抗氨氮冲击负荷能力和系统破坏后较快的恢复能力,而氨氮冲击负荷严重影响总磷的去除效果。第II阶段在系统总停留时间5.2 d,DO质量浓度为(3.5±0.5)mg/L,上清液回流比为200%的操作条件下,A/SMBBR工艺可稳定处理氨氮质量浓度550 mg/L左右的DN5废水,出水COD保持在(60±10)mg/L,氨氮质量浓度在(2±1.5)mg/L,出水水质满足GB 5084-2005。     

膜生物反应器处理制药工业废水中试研究

膜生物反应器组合工艺是近年来发展起来的新型废水处理工艺.试验采用混凝气浮 厌氧 好氧MBR处理制药工业废水,并重点考察了MBR中试装置的运行特性和对有机物的去除能力.结果表明,在整个流程连续运行过程中,当进水CODCr为13000～24800 mg/L时,总去除率可达96.47%.MBR对CODCr的去除负荷为1.90～2.49kg/(m3·d);当SO42-质量浓度为3510～4420 mg/L时,去除率为38.86%～60.61%,平均为50.71%.MLVSS/MLSS为0.65～0.75.而且膜的过滤作用有效地缓冲了进料负荷波动对系统运行效果的影响.     

改性氧化铁沸石用于生物慢滤柱去除窖水中氨氮的实验研究

对比分析改性氧化铁沸石和普通沸石用于生物慢滤柱中的挂膜情况和对氨氮的去除效果,研究滤层厚度、滤速、水温、进水氨氮和CODMn负荷对氨氮去除率的影响。结果表明,沸石经改性后改善了表面性能,装填改性沸石的慢滤柱挂膜更快,对氨氮的去除率更高。慢滤柱对氨氮的平均去除率可以达到85%以上。随着滤层厚度增加氨氮去除率升高;滤速越大去除效果越差;氨氮去除率同水温呈正相关,与进水CODMn负荷呈负相关;进水氨氮负荷较低时,去除率随负荷加大而升高,进水氨氮负荷高于0.08mg/(L·h)时,去除率基本无变化。     

多级A/O及改进工艺去除煤气化废水中典型污染物

采用多级A/O工艺(MsAO)和生物膜强化多级A/O工艺(BEMsAO)对煤气化废水进行处理,研究其对煤气化废水中典型污染物的去除特征。结果表明,当进水COD为546.9~2 221 mg/L时,MsAO和BEMsAO对COD均有较好的去除效果,去除率分别为91.67%和89.03%,去除负荷分别为514.9 g/(m~3·d)和364.6 g/(m~3·d);进水NH4~+-N的质量浓度为195.4~520.3 mg/L时,MsAO出水的NH_4~+-N的质量浓度平均为149.4 mg/L,去除率为63.42%。BEMsAO出水的NH_4~+-N的质量浓度平均为1.32 mg/L,去除率为99.48%,BEMsAO对NH_4~+-N的去除效果优于MsAO,NH_4~+-N的平均去除率提高了36.06%。当水力负荷由0.08 m3/(m~2·d)逐步升高到0.11 m~3/(m~2·d)时,MsAO中NH_4~+-N的去除率显著降低;尽管水力负荷增加了37.5%,但BEMsAO中NH_4~+-N的去除率始终维持在99.00%以上,BEMsAO耐负荷冲击能力优于MsAO。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。