An artificial intelligence system for computer-assisted menu planning

BACKGROUND: The role of P-glycoprotein (Pgp) associated multidrug resistance for neuroblastoma patients is controversial. Therefore we asked whether at all the typical functional features of the multidrug resistance phenotype could be found in neuroblastoma cells and studied the prognostic relevance of Pgp expression. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Tumor touch preparations and tumor cell infiltrated bone marrow smears of 62 neuroblastoma patients were investigated. The expression of Pgp was determined by a highly sensitive immunosandwich technique. Drug resistance studies were performed by exposing cells to Pgp-dependent cytostatic drugs in tissue cultures. Intracellular drug accumulation was examined by rhodamine-123 fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS: Pgp expression was demonstrable for the SK-N-SH cell line, but not detectable in CHP-100 and ten other neuroblastoma cell lines by immunocytochemistry. In tissue cultures, SK-N-SH cells showed a relative resistance to vincristine and adriamycin (45.1 and 12.7-fold resp.) and reduced intracellular accumulation of rhodamine-123 which could be normalized by the Pgp blocker verapamil. Pgp expression was detected by immunocytochemistry in 14 out of 62 tumors (22.6%). No correlation was found to the stage of the disease (P = 0.33), histopathological grading (P = 0.82), N-myc oncoprotein expression (P = 0.76) or N-myc oncogene amplification (P = 0.20). Kaplan-Meier analysis of event free survival for stage 4 tumors revealed a weak trend of inferior survival for patients with Pgp positive tumors (log-rank analysis: P = 0.069). CONCLUSIONS: Though Pgp expression is detectable and functional in neuroblastoma cells, but its presence does not provide much information to the complex phenomenon of chemotherapy resistance in patients.     

Theory to practice: developing a Rogerian-based assessment tool

Nursing models are invaluable in the direction they provide for nursing practice, education and research. The growth and development of the nursing profession is enhanced when its practice is guided by nursing theory. Rogers' Science of Unitary Human Beings is appealing to nursing because of its open-systems perspective and focus on holistic and individualistic care. Rogers' model is utilized to develop a nursing assessment tool that may be used in a variety of situations. The Rogerian-based assessment tool is used to gather data from a postpartum mother experiencing the challenges of her first newborn. Problems incurred while developing and utilizing the tool are discussed. Rogers' model is shown to be practical and effective in this case study.     

Artificial evolution: a new path for artificial intelligence?

Recently there have been a number of proposals for the use of artificial evolution as a radically new approach to the development of control systems for autonomous robots. This paper explains the artificial evolution approach, using work at Sussex to illustrate it. The paper revolves around a case study on the concurrent evolution of control networks and visual sensor morphologies for a mobile robot. Wider intellectual issues surrounding the work are discussed, as is the use of more abstract evolutionary simulations as a new potentially useful tool in theoretical biology.     

Synovial inflammation in arthroscopically obtained biopsy specimens from the temporomandibular joint: a review of the literature and a proposed histologic grading system

Data indicate that the synovial lining of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in some respects differs from other joints. The normal variation in morphology of the synovial lining of the TMJ is quite great, whereas the variation in pattern of pathologic changes appears to be relatively small (ie, synovial inflammation is not of the severity as that in other joints). In the current review, a system for histologic grading of synovial inflammation is proposed. The system is based on semiquantitative evaluation of the following set of parameters: 1) synovial lining cell layers; 2) vascularity (number or size of vascular profiles); and 3) Inflammatory cell infiltrate (commonly lymphocytes).     

Comparative analysis of p53 mutations in bladder washings and histologic specimens

PURPOSE: To analyze and compare the light energy distribution generated by multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs). SETTING: Laser Laboratory of the Department of Electronics, Electrotechnics and Informatics, University of Trieste, Italy. METHODS: An optic system to examine the division of a laser beam in the various focal spots of multifocal IOLs was developed. The model consists of a helium-neon laser and an optical system: a triangular optical bench with a precision collimator, a micropositionable immersion stage supporting the IOL to be measured, and a digital image-processing system. Four bifocal and three multifocal IOLs were studied. This system is able to expand the distance between foci, leading to a sharper separation of the focal spots. The resolution of the images makes it possible to analyze the distribution of total light energy among the foci. RESULTS: Results showed the variation in light intensity of the focal spots of multifocal and bifocal IOLs, as well as their disposition in the dioptric range. CONCLUSION: Light distribution among various focal distances corresponded to the foci provided by monofocal, bifocal, and multifocal IOLs. The percentage of light energy distribution was related to the importance of each focus.     

人工智能在军事对抗中的应用进展

人工智能特别是近几年深度学习的飞速发展,深刻的影响着军事领域,并赋予现代战争智能性、交叉性和破坏性的新特点。要想在军事对抗中取胜,不仅需要机器智能,同样需要人类智慧,能在军事作战中达到人机高度协同,是实现人与机器取长补短的重要途径,也是在愈发复杂的战争形势中取得胜利的关键。本文将军事对抗中人工智能的应用作为切入点,罗列了代表性国家在军事领域对人工智能的重视程度,从对抗策略和物联网三层架构两大角度对发展现状进行总结,同时指出在目前军事领域使用人工智能存在的不足,对人机融合智能在军事对抗中的发展趋势进行分析,并给出可能实现的技术方案,对未来的研究方向作出展望。如何实现高度的人机融合,从而获得“1+1>2”的良好效果,是人工智能在军事对抗中的下一步研究工作。      

人工智能在高炉控制中的应用

应用于高炉控制的人工智能模型主要有：高炉专家系统，神经网络模型及神经网络专家系统。高炉专家系统虽然具有知识推理的透明性，但却不具备学习功能；神经网络模型虽然具有很强的自学习功能，但又不具备知识推理的透明性；神经网络专家系统则同时具备两者的优点。     

工厂供电系统功率因数就地补偿的理论与实践

从无功功率补偿的物理本质着手，阐述了无功功率补偿的必要性和方法，用示例分析了无功功率补偿的经济效益，提出了对企业供电系统进行功率因数考核的观点。     

人工智能在钢铁工业智能制造中的应用

钢铁工业是国民经济的基础工业,是决定国家发展水平的最基本要素之一.中国已经成为世界第一钢铁制造大国,但在整体创新能力、素质和产品竞争力方面存在“大而不强”的问题.加快钢铁工业的转型升级,向钢铁强国转变,已成为新时期中国经济社会发展的重大战略任务.智能制造将先进的制造技术与新一代信息技术深度融合,贯穿于制造过程的各个环节...     

基于人工智能非金属夹杂物的检测与研究

利用计算机人工智能与神经网络技术,对于每张金相图像照片中的神经元进行图像识别,从点状非金属夹杂物入手,设计一种新型检测点状非金属夹杂物的方法,克服图像中的干扰项,从中找出真正的非金属夹杂物,构造出一套能自动检测非金属夹杂物的计算机软件模型;对非金属夹杂物检测方法和手段所涉及的关键技术进行分析探讨,并根据具体钢材的金相图运行程序,观察检测结果,最后检验该模型的正确率,得到可行性的解决方案,为非金属夹杂物自动检测与甄别的模块化和规范化作出有益尝试。     

制冷水系统双侧节能的理论与实践

制冷水在工矿企业及民用中央空调系统中发挥着重要的作用,而制冷各环节中的冷媒系统、冷却循环水系统运行的工况直接影响着制冷的效率。通过对影响制冷水的因素进行分析,并就已具有长期验证的ZetaRod＋FRIGAID制冷机双侧节能的理论和工程实践,提出了实现制冷水节能的建议。     

Artificial pigs in space: using artificial intelligence and artificial life techniques to design animal housing

Computer simulations have been used by us since the early 1970s to gain an understanding of the spacing and movement patterns of confined animals. The work has progressed from the early stages, in which we used randomly positioned points, to current investigations of animats (computer-simulated animals), which show low levels of learning via artificial neural networks. We have determined that 1) pens of equal floor area but of different shape result in different spatial and movement patterns for randomly positioned and moving animats; 2) when group size increases under constant density, freedom of movement approaches an asymptote at approximately six animats; 3) matching the number of animats with the number of corners results in optimal freedom of movement for small groups of animats; and 4) perimeter positioning occurs in groups of animats that maximize their distance to first- and second-nearest neighbors. Recently, we developed animats that move, compete for social dominance, and are motivated to obtain resources (food, resting sites, etc.). We are currently developing an animat that learns its behavior from the spatial and movement data collected on live pigs. The animat model is then used to pretest pen designs, followed by new pig spatial data fed into the animat model, resulting in a new pen design to be tested, and the steps are repeated. We believe that methodologies from artificial-life and artificial intelligence can contribute to the understanding of basic animal behavior principles, as well as to the solving of problems in production agriculture in areas such as animal housing design.     

浅谈智能建筑中空调自控系统

简要地介绍了智能建筑中的空调自控系统以及近年来发展起来的VAV-TRAV空调系统.     

New paradigms for assessing emotional intelligence: Theory and data.

This article describes the development and validation of 2 measures of emotional intelligence (EI): the Situational Test of Emotional Understanding (STEU) and the Situational Test of Emotion Management (STEM). Study 1 (N = 207 psychology students) examines multiple sources of validity evidence: relationships with EI, vocabulary, personality, and emotion-related criteria. Study 2 (N = 149 white-collar volunteers) relates STEU and STEM scores to clinical symptoms, finding relationships to anxiety and stress for both tests, and to depression for the STEM. It is concluded that new performance-based approaches to test development, such as the present ones, might be useful in distinguishing between test and construct effects. Implications for expanding theory and for developing EI interventions are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Rising verbal intelligence scores: Implications for research and clinical practice.

Evidence suggests that scores on various intelligence tests have been rising at a fast rate. To find out whether performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Vocabulary subtest has also been rising, the authors searched major psychology journals for investigations involving healthy younger and older adult participants and collected the reported WAIS Vocabulary scores. The meta-analysis shows that WAIS Vocabulary scores have been rising at the rate of 0.117/year (corresponding to 1.52 IQ points/decade) for younger adults and 0.367/year (corresponding to 4.79 IQ points/decade) for older adults. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A constructivist view of the frame problem in artificial intelligence.

Asserts that N. M. Agnew and J. L. Brown's (see PA, Vol 76:35329 and 35330) articles on "Foundation for Model of Knowing" address central issues in psychology, philosophy, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence. (0 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)