基于组件的软件系统可靠性评估的不确定性研究

当前一些基于体系结构的软件可靠性模型,在操作剖面和组件可靠性中,不管这些模型是否准确,只要有相当多的不确定性存在,在计算软件可靠性时,就会存在较多的不确定性.若采用传统方法估算软件的可靠性,忽略了属于参数不确定性存在的差异,那么结果可能不准确.提出了一种新的基于体系结构的不确定性的分析方法,该方法适合大型复杂的基于组件的应用程序及整个软件生命周期.     

基于Petri网运行状态的组件化软件可靠性分析方法

通过分析软件系统的组件结构特征、运行状态和可靠性因素,提出了基于随机Petri试网运行状态的可靠性分析方法。对构成软件系统的各组件的可靠性进行分析和评估,根据系统运行状态动态跟踪软件的可靠性,推导出整个软件系统的可靠性。与仅着眼于系统组件间的执行路径不同,该方法更关注于系统各个运行状态的可靠性。最后给出了一个实例研究。     

基于Petri网运行状态的组件化软件可靠性分析方法

通过分析软件系统的组件结构特征、运行状态和可靠性因素,提出了基于随机Petri网运行状态的可靠性分析方法.对构成软件系统的各组件的可靠性进行分析和评估,根据系统运行状态动态跟踪软件的可靠性,推导出整个软件系统的可靠性.与仅着眼于系统组件间的执行路径不同,该方法更关注于系统各个运行状态的可靠性.最后给出了一个实例研究.     

基于体系结构的软件可靠性参数早期预测

在对组成软件系统的组件间关系进行分析的基础上,提出了基于组件间关系的软件可靠性的数学模型,该模型给出了在已知组件的可靠性和平均无故障运行时间的基础上计算系统可靠性的方法。通过各组件对系统可靠性的影响分析,给出了改善系统可靠性的方案。     

一种软件可靠性评估模型及其Petri网描述

通过提出k-可靠模型,对现有软件可靠性评估方法所依据的模型进行重构,并根据Petri网及软件可靠性的相关理论,对构成软件系统的各个组件进行可靠性评估,从而实现对软件系统的可靠性评估,并介绍一种自底向上的可靠性计算过程。该方法能对软件系统的进行分解和综合计算,达到对整个软件系统可靠性评估的目的。     

基于通信消息的云计算系统故障传播分析

云计算系统中,软件故障检测能够帮助提高各个组件以及整体系统的可靠性。该文提出了一种基于消息队列中的通信消息的故障检测方法。通过分析一般分布式系统的结构以及对OpenStack云计算平台进行故障注入,得到了云计算平台中软件故障传播的机理。实验结果表明基于通信消息能够有效的对云计算平台进行故障检测。     

深海油气田水下控制系统整体可靠性自动综合计算方法

深海油气田水下生产开发对水下控制系统整体可靠性要求很高,目前国内没有专门有针对性的计算方法和软件。水下控制系统整体结构包含多种复杂冗余结构,例如交叉冗余、选择器等。利用传统可靠性框图算法仅能处理各冗余支路可靠性均独立的情况,而应用最小路集法虽然可以处理各冗余支路可靠性不独立的情况,但会导致计算量过大。针对两种算法的缺陷,本文提出一种综合计算方法,首先采用最小路集法对可靠性不独立的冗余支路进行计算,再利用不交化算法进行化简,汇总到作为主体的可靠性框图算法中,对复杂冗余结构的水下控制系统整体可靠性进行计算。通过示例计算分析表明,该算法较传统算法计算量更小,适用性更好。基于该算法开发的软件在示范工程项目应用中发挥了一定作用,为国产水下生产及控制系统工业应用奠定了基础。     

软件工程新进展：组件软件工程

本文首先介绍了组件、基于组件的软件工程的概念、特点和意义,然后论述了组件软件工程的开发过程和开发方法,并与传统的软件开发方法进行了比较,组件软件工程的出现,将会大大提高软件生产效率,增加软件的可靠性、易读性、易维护性。     

基于组件技术的网上购物系统

为了提高软件的可重用性、软件开发的效率、软件系统的可靠性和灵活性,软件开发技术在传统的结构化程序设计和面向对象的程序设计方法的基础上,发展到了基于组件的开发阶段。文中介绍了系统采用的关键技术———组件技术及基于组件的软件开发过程,然后应用组件技术设计了网上购物系统。实践证明基于组件技术的软件设计方法可以缩短软件开发周期,降低开发费用,增强软件的复用能力。基于组件技术设计的网上购物系统具有很好的可靠性、可维护性以及安全性。     

基于组件的软件可靠性模型

首先对不同的软件体系结构描述语言（ADL）进行分析，找出体系结构的共性，用抽象代数和一代阶逻辑理论对组件，连接器和软件体系结构的属性和动态行为进行讨论和描述，探讨不同连接形式下的软件体系结构，给出基于组件的软件可靠性模型，在此模型基础上，对基于组件的软件系统的可靠性计算模型进行研究，提出一种半Markov模型，并在理论上证明该模型的可用性，最后通过CORBA应用系统说明该可靠性模型在系统设计和可靠性计算方面的应用。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.