基于ADVISOR软件的纯电动汽车经济性能仿真

在ADVISOR软件的基础上,建立某种纯电动汽车整车模型,分析影响纯电动汽车经济性能的参数,并获得电池电容、电池电量对汽车经济性能影响的仿真曲线。仿真结果表明:该文可为汽车仿真参数匹配提供参考,并根据仿真结果拟合出能量消耗的经验公式。     

Forecasting and evaluation of traffic safety impacts: driving assistance systems against road infrastructure measures

The authors examine the use of a one-variable first-order grey model (GM(1,1)), to model and forecast the trend of the level of cumulative traffic accident severity for strategic scenarios for implementation of driving assistance systems, physical infrastructure redesign and combinations of the two categories of measures. The accident severity levels (in terms of fatalities and hospitalisations) of five scenarios for the period 2003-2007 are analysed and modelled. In addition, the trend of fatalities and hospitalisations for each scenario for the years 2008 until 2010 is forecasted. For further policy evaluation, the costs of each scenario (for the years 2003-2010) are estimated. By using cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) the five scenarios for improving road traffic safety are compared     

Disentangling the impacts of geography and Aboriginality on serious road transport injuries in New South Wales

Aboriginal people in Australia have higher rates of transport injury than non-Aboriginal people, but a greater proportion of Aboriginal people live in rural or remote areas where risk of these injuries is higher. This paper investigated the contributing effect of geography on the relationship between Aboriginality and road transport injury rates in the state of New South Wales.     

An empirical analysis of farm vehicle crash injury severities on Iowa's public road system

Farm vehicle crashes are a major safety concern for farmers as well as all other users of the public road system in agricultural states. Using data on farm vehicle crashes that occurred on Iowa's public roads between 2004 and 2006, we estimate a multinomial logit model to identify crash-, farm vehicle-, and driver-specific factors that determine farm vehicle crash injury severity outcomes. Estimation findings indicate that there are crash patterns (rear-end manner of collision; single-vehicle crash; farm vehicle crossed the centerline or median) and conditions (obstructed vision and crash in rural area; dry road, dark lighting, speed limit 55 mph or higher, and harvesting season), as well as farm vehicle and driver-contributing characteristics (old farm vehicle, young farm vehicle driver), where targeted intervention can help reduce the severity of crash outcomes. Determining these contributing factors and their effect is the first step to identifying countermeasures and safety strategies in a bid to improve transportation safety for all users on the public road system in Iowa as well as other agricultural states.     

New electric vehicle standards to advance UK battery manufacturing in support of cleaner transport

正BSI has published two standards PAS 7060,Electric vehicles-Safe and environmentally-conscious design and use of batteries-Guide,and PAS 7062,Electric vehicle battery cells-Health and safety,environmental and quality management considerations in cell manufacturing and finished cell-Code of practice,to help support the UK's electric vehicle capability.     

Variations in dynamic vehicle load on road pavement

This study proposes a spectral approach to the evaluation of variations in dynamic vehicle load on road pavement associated with a vehicle moving at constant speed along a road with a rough surface. The influence of vehicle speed and road roughness on variations in dynamic vehicle load was investigated. The results show that the standard deviation of dynamic vehicle load increases twofold, with a fourfold increase in the road roughness coefficient, and increases approximately linearly with the increase in vehicle speed.     

Comparative experiments on three-wall and one conventional road vehicle

In 1984 international research took place which compared the transport conditions of quick-frozen foods in thin-wall vehicles and conventional vehicles. This work was done at the request of the group of experts of the UNECE/TRANS/GE.11 in Geneva, Switzerland. In the Netherlands measurements have been carried out on three road vehicles — one conventional and two thin-wall vehicles — in the test station and on the road. The road transport involved taking a commercial cargo of frozen fish from Holland to Italy during the summer (July). Later on an additional test was performed in the test station with a fourth thin-wall vehicle at an ambient temperature of 30°C. The results show, that in the conventional vehicle, equipped with a bulk head and a ceiling air duct, and working on a temperature setting of −25°C, a maximum product temperature of −18°C could be maintained. The maximum temperature difference in the cargo was 6 K. Thin-wall vehicles appeared to have a temperature difference of 12 K between air inlet temperature and warmest product temperature. The maximum product temperature could be held below −12, −15 or −20°C, depending on the air distribution and, in particular, on the cooling power of the thermal appliance.     

电动汽车关键技术发展综述

介绍了电动汽车关键技术发展状况,分别从电动汽车用驱动电机、动力电池及电池管理系统、电机控制及能量回收系统等方面进行了概述,并对电动汽车技术发展趋势进行了展望。在政府的支持下,随着电机、电池及电控等电动汽车关键技术逐步完善,电动汽车必将成为"零污染"的清洁交通工具。     

电动汽车驱动电机高频边带噪声客观评价研究

针对声压级不能完全反映人耳对声音感受的问题,文章选择多种工况对电动汽车驱动电机高频边带噪声进行客观心理学参量评价。首先,进行驱动电机噪声数据采集实验并建立样本库。其次,计算样本的客观心理学参量并运用主成分分析法进行贡献量分析,并将客观心理学参量的六个维度降低至两个维度。最后,研究多种工况下两种客观心理学参量的变化规律,尤其对随机载波频率脉宽调制（Random Carrier Frequency Pulse Width Modulation, RCFPWM）策略下电机高频边带噪声进行客观评价对比分析。结果表明,主成分分析法（Principal Component Analysis,PCA）实现了多维客观心理学参量的降维,高频边带噪声中客观心理参量的主要贡献量为尖锐度和响度;不同工况条件对尖锐度和响度存在不同程度的影响,尤其是受转速变化影响较为明显;RCFPWM在降低高频边带噪声声压级的同时实现了对尖锐度幅值的抑制。文章所研究的内容不仅能够简化电机高频边带噪声客观评价流程,而且可以为电驱动总成声品质优化设计提供实验依据。     

The influence of the infrastructure characteristics in urban road accidents occurrence

This paper summarizes the result of a study regarding the creation of tools that can be used in intervention methods in the planning and management of urban road networks in Portugal.     

中国典型汽车道路谱研究的构建及应用

针对我国汽车道路谱缺失及滞后问题,分别从汽车道路谱的仪器集成、数据采集、数据库建立、数据分析和处理、应用软件的开发以及国家标准的建立等角度,概述了中国典型汽车道路谱研究的过程,并对中国典型汽车道路谱在汽车工程研究与开发中的应用进行了介绍,同时就中国典型汽车道路谱的研究前景进行了探讨和展望.     

Improving the quality of environmental impacts assessment reports: effectiveness of alternatives analysis and public involvement in JICA supported projects

Abstract

This study examined the key factors for improving the quality of environmental impact assessment reports through statistical tests and path analysis. The Lee-Colley review package was used to review the quality of the samples of 120 reports prepared by the Japan International Cooperation Agency dating from 2001 to 2012. The result of the study showed that alternatives analysis and public involvement could be key factors for improving the quality of reports. When the number of public involvement stages went up, the number of evaluation criteria for alternatives analysis showed an increasing trend and the quality of the reports improved. Finally, the study pointed out the effectiveness of alternatives analysis with a wide range of evaluation criteria and public involvement for improving the quality of reports. Further research is needed to explore alternatives analysis and public involvement in more depth as well as to improve the effectiveness of their linkage via more case studies.     

Impact of infrastructure and local environment on road unsafety. Logistic modeling with spatial autocorrelation

This article aims at modeling the impact of road characteristics and local spatial environment on road (un)safety. The study applies to Belgium where some 1500 people are killed annually on the roads. This statistic corresponds to one of the highest risks in Europe. Road unsafety is expressed here as whether an hectometer of road belongs to a black zone; a black zone is defined as a segment of road where roads accidents are concentrated. Logistic modeling including spatial autocorrelation is used and compared to non-spatial regression. It is shown that a spatial model is needed to avoid biased estimated parameters. Results show that local environment and road infrastructure play a substantial role in the co-occurrence of road accidents. Hence, education and enforcement cannot be the only measures taken to reach a sustainable road safety. To attain their objectives of accident reduction, public authorities should also take their responsibilities in the matter of securing road infrastructure.     

Fluctuations and transport in an electric field

It is shown that thermodynamic fluctuations in a liquid in an applied electric field generate microconvective motion causing mass and heat dispersion. The corresponding dispersion coefficients can be comparable in value or even exceed the coefficients of molecular diffusion and thermal conductivity.Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 46, No. 3, pp. 398–405, March, 1984.     

The impacts of environmental performance and development of financing decisions on economic sustainable performance: from the view of renewable and clean energy industry

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy - Developing green economy and mitigating environmental pollution have strategically important role in China's commitments against global climate...     

Estimation of rear-end vehicle crash frequencies in urban road tunnels

According to The Handbook of Tunnel Fire Safety, over 90% (55 out of 61 cases) of fires in road tunnels are caused by vehicle crashes (especially rear-end crashes). It is thus important to develop a proper methodology that is able to estimate the rear-end vehicle crash frequency in road tunnels. In this paper, we first analyze the time to collision (TTC) data collected from two road tunnels of Singapore and conclude that Inverse Gaussian distribution is the best-fitted distribution to the TTC data. An Inverse Gaussian regression model is hence used to establish the relationship between the TTC and its contributing factors. We then proceed to introduce a new concept of exposure to traffic conflicts as the mean sojourn time in a given time period that vehicles are exposed to dangerous scenarios, namely, the TTC is lower than a predetermined threshold value. We further establish the relationship between the proposed exposure to traffic conflicts and crash count by using negative binomial regression models. Based on the limited data samples used in this study, the negative binomial regression models perform well although a further study using more data is needed.     

Effect of vehicle speed on shock and vibration levels in truck transport

An update on the nature of shock and vibration in truck transport was obtained by measuring and analysing the shock and vibration levels separately that occur during truck transportation in Japan. The effect of truck speed on the shock and vibration levels was mainly analysed. A significant difference was observed between the acceleration of vibration, and the acceleration including shock and vibration as a result of truck speed. The results indicated that the effect of truck speed on root mean square acceleration (Grms), including shock and vibration, was strong at a lower speed, but slight at a higher speed. The highest Grms, including shock and vibration, was found at 45–59.9 km/h on local roads, which was higher than that during highway driving. When the speed was below 45 km/h, the peak power spectral density (PSD) of acceleration including shock and vibration increased as truck speed increased; when the speed was above 45 km/h, no significant changes in peak PSD were found because of truck speed. At the same time, the effect of vehicle speed on the vibration acceleration was also studied. It was found that the higher the vehicle speed, the higher the Grms and peak PSD value of vibration in both the vertical and lateral directions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The effect of road and environmental characteristics on pedestrian hit-and-run accidents in Ghana

The number of pedestrians who have died as a result of being hit by vehicles has increased in recent years, in addition to vehicle passenger deaths. Many pedestrians who were involved in road traffic accident died as a result of the driver leaving the pedestrian who was struck unattended at the scene of the accident. This paper seeks to determine the effect of road and environmental characteristics on pedestrian hit-and-run accidents in Ghana. Using pedestrian accident data extracted from the National Road Traffic Accident Database at the Building and Road Research Institute (BRRI) of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Ghana, a binary logit model was employed in the analysis. The results from the estimated model indicate that fatal accidents, unclear weather, nighttime conditions, and straight and flat road sections without medians and junctions significantly increase the likelihood that the vehicle driver will leave the scene after hitting a pedestrian. Thus, integrating median separation and speed humps into road design and construction and installing street lights will help to curb the problem of pedestrian hit-and-run accidents in Ghana.     

Calibration and optimization of an electric vehicle powertrain system

ABSTRACT

The problem of insufficient driving performance in existing electric vehicle (EV) powertrain systems is solved in this paper by presenting the EV as the reference object. The system model of the EV is established based on the powertrain system layout, technical parameters, and performance requirements, and the vehicle dynamic property and pure electric drive economy are evaluated. On the basis of the component models and total outputted power, the driving range is considered as the optimization target, and the input simulation parameters are considered as the optimized variables. Therefore, the optimal variable parameters are determined by multiple simulation analysis. In view of the test bench results, the rationality of the parameters of the simulation result is verified. Generally speaking, with the flexible configuration of the designed powertrain system and the optimized parameters of dynamic programming, the automobile performance can be improved.     

A trial linkage of the road accident and vehicle registration files

Vehicle characteristics are of importance in all phases of road accident. None, however, are recorded by the police on the road accident registration form in The Netherlands. By linking the Vehicle Registration file to the Road Accident file a number of important vehicle characteristics can be added to the accident record. Theoretically it had to be possible to link both files because there was a common key variable viz. the vehicle registration number, which in The Netherlands is unique and stays with the vehicle its whole life. The test linkage was aimed at determining whether it was also practically possible. It was furthermore aimed at determining the completeness and reliability of both files. The fatal accidents of 1981 were selected to serve for the test because only fatal accidents are completely recorded, and 1981 was the most recent available year at the time. These limitations made it possible for SWOV to carry out a manual control on vehicle make and model, as this is often recorded by the police. Based on the conformity found, the validity of the linking by vehicle registration number was found to be 94% and the reliability at least 95%. The conclusion is therefore that the linkage can be accomplished in practice and that it reliably adds useful vehicle characteristics to the police records on fatal road accidents. This complementary information is in the first place important for deeper analysis of the relationship between, on the one hand, accident and injury characteristics and, on the other hand, the vehicle characteristics.