超声速等离子喷涂Ni60A涂层的滚动接触疲劳寿命*

制备高质量的超声速等离子喷涂Ni60A涂层,并研究该涂层的滚动接触疲劳性能及寿命。通过正交试验对Ni60A涂层的4个主要喷涂工艺参数(喷涂电压、喷涂电流、Ar气流量和喷涂距离)进行优化设计,通过分析孔隙率和显微硬度值的大小,综合评价喷涂层质量。利用Image J2x孔隙率计算软件计算涂层孔隙率,利用扫描电镜分析Ni60A粉末和喷涂层的微观结构,采用显微硬度计测定涂层的显微硬度,利用RM-1接触疲劳/磨损多功能试验机对涂层进行不同载荷条件下的接触疲劳试验,并建立Weibull失效概率图。结果表明,通过正交试验可以获得高质量的超声速等离子喷涂Ni60A涂层,超声速等离子喷涂Ni60A涂层的最优喷涂工艺参数为：喷涂电压170 V,喷涂电流370 A,Ar气流量110 L/min,喷涂距离110 mm,通过最优参数制备得到的Ni60A涂层的孔隙率为1.05%,显微硬度为1 086 HV_0.2;在不同接触应力水平下,Ni60A涂层的寿命服从Weibull分布,通过Weibull失效概率图可以在一定范围内预测某一工作载荷下涂层的接触疲劳寿命。     

铝合金及铝化物涂层发展现状

综合国内外铝合金及铝化物涂层的发展,较全面地介绍了涂层类型、制备方法及应用。重点突出新型铝合金及铝化物涂层及新型制备方法,指出用粉芯线材电弧喷涂以及电弧喷涂新技术制备铝舍金及铝化物涂层具有广阔的发展前景。     

ZrO2热障涂层耐高温冲刷性能研究

采用等离子喷涂工艺制备了NiCoCrAlY／ZrO2热障涂层，利用超音速火焰喷涂（HVOF）ZrO2粒子高速冲刷涂层表面，考察ZrO2热障涂层的耐高温冲刷性能。结果表明，等离子喷涂NiCoCrAlY／ZrO2热障涂层具有较好的耐高温冲刷性能，经高温高速粒子冲刷20s后，涂层与基体结合良好，涂层完整，未出现大面积的剥落。等离子喷涂ZrO2热障涂层高温冲刷的主要磨损机理为脉动冲击作用造成的裂纹扩展、涂层颗粒变形磨损和微切削。涂层的耐高温冲刷性能主要取决于涂层的硬度。     

Different Approaches to the Investigation and Testing of the Ni-Based Self-Fluxing Alloy Coatings—A Review. Part 2: Microstructure,Adhesive Strength,Cracking Behavior,and Residual Stresses Investigations

After presenting general facts about Ni-based self-fluxing alloy coatings and describing the wear and corrosion studies in Part 1, Part 2 of the article deals with the review and systematization of the investigations on behavior of these coatings exposed to external mechanical loading (cracking behavior, adhesive strength, fatigue), residual stresses, and microstructure (particle state, phases, porosity, dilution, dissolution) considering the period from 2000 to 2013. The following deposition technologies are included: flame spraying, high-velocity oxy/air fuel spraying, detonation gun spraying, electric arc spraying, plasma spraying, plasma-transferred arc welding, and laser cladding. In addition to the review of investigations on microstructure and effects of external loading and residual stresses, reference is also given to papers describing the application of the Ni-based self-fluxing coatings, as well as to those in which these coatings were used as a reference material or an addition to obtain a composite coating.     

超音速火焰喷涂微米和纳米结构WC-12Co涂层及其性能

以纳米和微米级WC-12Co粉末为原料,采用超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)方法在16Mn基体上制备了两种涂层.利用X射线衍射仪对喷涂粉末及涂层进行了相结构分析,用扫描电镜对喷涂粉末、磨粒磨损前后的涂层表面形貌进行了观察,探讨了粉末结构、涂层的组织和结构以及抗磨粒磨损的性能.结果表明:WC-12Co粉末结构对涂层的组织结构影响非常显著,微米WC-12Co粉末中的WC的分解基本上得到了抑止,而纳米结构的粉末由于出现了WC的部分分解,导致了纳米涂层的抗磨粒磨损性能相对于微米涂层提高不多,但是与基体16Mn相比,两种涂层均表现出优异的抗磨粒磨损性能.     

喷涂功率对碳/碳复合材料表面羟基磷灰石涂层抗剪强度的影响

采用等离子喷涂技术在碳／碳复合材料表面制备了羟基磷灰石（HA）涂层,采用自制装置测定了不同喷涂功率下涂层与基体的抗剪强度,采用扫描电镜观察了涂层表面、横截面和剪切断裂表面的微观形貌,并分析了涂层与基体的剪切断裂失效形式。结果表明：在40kw喷涂功率下,涂层与基体的抗剪强度最高,约为10MPa,其剪切断裂失效方式主要为涂层内部失效。     

Wear resistance of composite plasma coatings with graphite

The wear-resistant composite solid lubricant coatings formed by atmospherec plasma spraying method of cladding Ni[Cg] powder in relation to the extreme working conditions of friction units of aircraft engines and power plants have been investigated. Examples of studies of technological processes of the plasma spraying of protective coatings on elements of liquid-propellant rocket and gas turbine engines have been given, and the possibilities of sealing technologies to increase their service life have been shown. The evaluation of efficiency of coatings obtained by plasma spraying from mechanical mixtures of powders based on Ni[Cg] in relation to power plants of vehicles based on freepiston engines.     

Performance of abrasive wear of WC-12Co coatings sprayed by HVOF

The performance of multimodal and conventional materials in the form of coatings deposited by high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spraying has been studied. WC-12Co coatings were deposited under same conditions using multimodal and conventional WC-12Co powder feedstocks. The phase composition of the feedstock powders and the coatings were analyzed by XRD. Abrasive wear resistances of coatings were carried out on wet sand rubber wheel abrasion tester. The characterizations of spraying feedstock powders, microstructure and surface micrographs of the prophase and anaphase attrition surfaces were performed by SEM. The results indicated the multimodal coating shows slight higher microhardness and better abrasive wear resistance than the conventional counterpart. Also, the thermally sprayed carbide-based coatings have excellent wear resistance with respect to the hard chrome coatings.     

Tribological study of NiCrBSi coating obtained by different processes

Thermal spraying offers a wide range of coatings with very different composition and properties. NiCrBSi is a Ni-base superalloy widely used to obtain high wear resistant coatings. This coating is usually heat treated after thermal spraying to improve their tribological properties. In this work a tribological comparison between NiCrBSi coatings obtained by spray&fuse and as-sprayed coatings obtained by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying (APS) and High Velocity Oxy Fuel (HVOF) spraying is carried out. Ball on Disk (BOD) tests are performed with a martensitic plain steel as counterface and wear parameters are calculated by means of Scanning White Light Interferometry (SWLI). Main wear mechanisms are investigated by the characterisation of the coating wear track and debris using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). It is observed that different wear mechanisms take place in the coatings obtained by the diverse processes.     

激光重熔纳米SiC复合陶瓷涂层组织和性能研究

研究了WC／Co-NiCrAl等离子复合陶瓷涂层、激光重熔等离子涂层、激光渗入纳米SiC涂层的组织结构、耐磨性能。结果证明：在所定的工艺参数下，等离子喷涂层组织呈层片状，层间为机械结合界面；经激光重熔后，激光作用区涂层组织细化，孔隙率降低，耐磨性能是原等离子涂层的1．3倍；渗入纳米SiC后，组织进一步细化，孔隙率进一步降低，SiC颗粒仍处于纳米尺度，分布在粗颗粒表面及粗颗粒之间，其耐磨性能是原等离子涂层的2．6倍。     

等离子喷涂技术研究与发展现状

本文从等离子喷涂设备、新型功能涂层、与等离子喷涂相关的测量技术等几个方面,综述了等离子喷涂技术的研究与发展现状。     

纳米涂层的几种制备方法

介绍了纳米涂层和纳米薄膜制备方法的研究进展及其特性。着重对热喷涂制备纳米涂层进行了探讨，认为用热喷涂方法制备纳米涂层具有独特的优越性，具有广泛的应用前景。     

等离子喷涂PZT涂层压电性能的实验研究

对用等离子喷涂制备的锆钛酸铅 ( PZT)压电陶瓷涂层的压电性能进行了实验研究 ,分析了涂层热处理及热处理温度、喷涂工艺参数以及粉末铅含量对压电应变常数 d33的影响 ,揭示了各种工艺条件和工艺参数下 d33的变化趋势。     

Effects of the nozzle design on the properties of plasma jet and formation of YSZ coatings under low pressure conditions

How to control the quality of the coatings has become a major problem during the plasma spraying. Because nozzle contour has a great influence on the characteristic of the plasma jet, two kinds of plasma torches equipped with a standard cylindrical nozzle and a converging-diverging nozzle are designed for low pressure plasma spraying(LPPS) and very low pressure plasma spraying(VLPPS). Yttria stabilized zirconia(YSZ) coatings are obtained in the reducing pressure environment. The properties of the plasma jet without or with powder injection are analyzed by optical emission spectroscopy, and the electron temperature is calculated based on the ratio of the relative intensity of two ArⅠspectral lines. The results show that some of the YSZ powder can be vaporized in the low pressure enlarged plasma jet, and the long anode nozzle may improve the characteristics of the plasma jet. The coatings deposited by LPPS are mainly composed of the equiaxed grains and while the unmelted powder particles and large scalar pores appear in the coatings made by VLPPS. The long anode nozzle could improve the melting of the powders and deposition efficiency, and enhance the coatings' hardness. At the same time, the long anode nozzle could lead to a decrease in the overspray phenomenon. Through the comparison of the two different size's nozzle, the long anode is much more suitable for making the YSZ coatings.     

The erosion and abrasion characteristics of alumina coatings plasma sprayed under different spraying conditions

A series of plasma sprayed alumina coatings was evaluated regarding their erosion and abrasion characteristics. The coatings were deposited under different spraying conditions, using a commercial axial injection plasma spray system, and with powders of different grit sizes and crystallinity. A sintered bulk alumina and a conventionally sprayed coating, produced by a radial injection air plasma spray technique, were tested as reference materials. To evaluate the importance of energy input the coatings were produced using two different torch nozzle sizes and gas mixtures with a varied amount of hydrogen. The erosion and abrasion results indicate that hydrogen concentration, nozzle size and precursor powder type and size influence the tribological characteristics of the coatings. The wear resistance of the coatings seems to benefit from an increase in hydrogen concentration or torch nozzle size. The effect of precursor powder size on the wear resistance was more complex but indicates that sapphire powders of medium precursor sizes are advantageous to ordinary plasma spraying powders of alumina.     

几种新型热喷涂技术

论述了几种新型热喷涂的原理,以及热喷涂材料的新进展和热喷涂层质量监控的一些新方法,在此基础上介绍了热喷涂技术的最新应用.     

热喷涂MoS2/PA(聚酰胺)复合涂层的摩擦学性能及磨损机理研究

利用热喷涂技术在45钢上制备了MoS2／PA(聚酰胺)复合涂层，考察了不同填料含量复合涂层的摩擦磨损性能，采用SEM分析涂层及对偶磨损表面形貌，并探讨了填料对复合涂层摩擦磨损性能的影响机制。结果表明：填料含量大于39／6时，虽然摩擦因数较小，但磨损率很大，且大于纯PA涂层的磨损率；当填料含量小于3％时，涂层摩擦学性能有所提高。     

High temperature fretting wear behavior of WC-25Co coatings prepared by D-gun spraying on Ti-Al-Zr titanium alloy

Detonation gun (D-gun) spraying is one of the most promising spraying techniques for producing wear-resistance coatings. A thick layer (about 0.3 mm thickness) of WC-25Co with high hardness was covered on Ti-Al-Zr titanium alloy by D-gun spraying and the fretting wear behavior of WC-25Co coatings was studied experimentally on a high precision hydraulic fretting wear test rig. An experimental layout was designed to perform fretting wear tests at elevated temperatures from room temperature (25 °C) to 400 °C in ambient air. In the tests, a sphere (Si₃N₄ ceramic ball) was designed to rub against a plane (Ti-Al-Zr titanium alloy with or without WC-25Co coatings). It was found that the fretting running regimes of WC-25Co coatings were obviously different from those of Ti-Al-Zr titanium alloy. The mixed fretting regime disappeared in WC-25Co coatings, and the boundaries in the running condition fretting map (RCFM) showed hardly any change as temperature increased. The worn scars were examined using a laser confocal scanning microscope (LCSM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that the coefficients of friction (COF) of WC-25Co coatings at elevated temperatures were nearly constant in the partial slip regime and very low in the steady state. The fretting damage of the coatings was very slight. In the slip regime, the WC-25Co coatings exhibited a good wear resistance, and the wear volume of the coatings obviously decreased with increasing tested temperature. The fretting wear mechanisms of WC-25Co coatings were delamination, abrasive wear and oxidation wear at elevated temperature. The oxide debris layer formed at higher temperature was denser and thicker on top of WC-25Co coatings, thus providing more surface protection against fretting wear, which played an important role in the low fretting wear of the coatings.     

等离子喷涂Al_2O_3-TiO_2/MoS_2陶瓷减摩耐磨涂层的结构与性能研究

采用等离子喷涂技术在钛合金表面制备Al2O3-TiO2陶瓷涂层,并用MoS2均匀填充涂层表面空隙,在TE66微磨粒磨损试验机上对涂层的摩擦学性能进行系统研究,利用扫描电镜、光学显微镜对涂层的表面形貌、元素构成、膜层厚度和磨斑形貌进行分析,并采用显微维氏硬度计和划痕试验机对涂层的显微硬度和结合强度进行测试。结果表明:涂层与基体之间的结合强度良好,显微硬度高达HV1 457,磨损失重量仅为未涂层样品的1.29%,摩擦因数大幅度降低,存在轻微的疲劳磨损特征。