基于整车转向模型的汽车主动悬架控制研究

针对汽车主动悬架系统在转向过程中的动力学行为，建立了整车转向模型。从提高汽车转向时的乘坐舒适性和操纵稳定性出发，从时域和频域两方面研究了整车系统的最优控制问题。考虑转向过程中汽车的横摆、侧倾、俯仰及垂直方向的振动和悬架的动挠度，定义了范数评价指标，并根据人体对振动的敏感频率范围引入了适当的频域加权函数，设计出最优控制器。仿真结果表明，该方法能够有效抑制由转向和路面不平引起的振动，明显降低人体敏感频段的垂直和旋转方向振动的幅值，使悬架动挠度有所下降。     

非线性能量阱对汽车车身垂向振动的抑制效果

为控制动力总成激励引起的车身垂向振动,建立了车身增加立方刚度非线性能量阱和负刚度非线性能量阱的动力总成车身轮胎的三自由度汽车模型.基于复变量平均法分别推导了两个系统的慢变方程,研究了系统鞍结分岔边界条件,并对平衡点稳定性进行了分析.数值分析表明,优化后的立方刚度非线性能量阱能有效减小车身在其固有频率处的振动;与立方刚度...     

装载机驾驶室非线性减振系统试验与优化

以某型装载机驾驶室减振系统为研究对象,通过优化解决了驾驶室振动过大和驾驶舒适性差的问题。以实测的车架振动信号为输入激励,根据驾驶室实际结构简化了驾驶室-座椅-人体的非线性减振系统模型,驾驶室和座椅的垂向振动加速度均方根值的模型输出值和实车试验值最大误差不超过6%。以驾驶室和座椅的垂向加速度均方根值为目标,使用遗传算法进行多目标优化,将优化结果代入模型来验证优化前后的驾驶室与座椅的减振性能。实车试验表明,改进后驾驶室垂向加速度的均方根值减小16%,座椅垂向加速度的均方根值减小53%。     

Spectral analysis methods for vehicle interior vibro-acoustics identification

Noise has various effects on comfort, performance and health of human. Sound are analysed by human brain based on the frequencies and amplitudes. In a dynamic system, transmission of sound and vibrations depend on frequency and direction of the input motion and characteristics of the output. It is imperative that automotive manufacturers invest a lot of effort and money to improve and enhance the vibro-acoustics performance of their products. The enhancement effort may be very difficult and time-consuming if one relies only on ‘trial and error’ method without prior knowledge about the sources itself. Complex noise inside a vehicle cabin originated from various sources and travel through many pathways. First stage of sound quality refinement is to find the source. It is vital for automotive engineers to identify the dominant noise sources such as engine noise, exhaust noise and noise due to vibration transmission inside of vehicle. The purpose of this paper is to find the vibro-acoustical sources of noise in a passenger vehicle compartment. The implementation of spectral analysis method is much faster than the ‘trial and error’ methods in which, parts should be separated to measure the transfer functions. Also by using spectral analysis method, signals can be recorded in real operational conditions which conduce to more consistent results. A multi-channel analyser is utilised to measure and record the vibro-acoustical signals. Computational algorithms are also employed to identify contribution of various sources towards the measured interior signal. These achievements can be utilised to detect, control and optimise interior noise performance of road transport vehicles.     

Simulation of stochastic vibration of maglev track inspection vehicle

The stochastic vibration of a maglev track inspection vehicle is the main factor that has direct influence on the accuracy of geometrical measurements of the maglev tracks on board whenever the inspection vehicle is operated at a certain speed. Based upon the principle of motions of the specified vehicle, a vibration model of 5 dof for the maglev track inspection vehicle is proposed and a numerical example is made for the analysis of dynamic responses of the vehicle in stochastic excitation of the maglev track. Effects of vibrations of the vehicle on the accuracy of measuring displacement by laser triangle method are examined. Simulation results of lateral, vertical, roll, pitch, and yaw vibrations for the maglev track inspection vehicle equipped with the measuring system of high precision are provided for the design of the similar vehicles.     

新能源汽车主动四轮转向稳定性控制技术

针对无法在不同环境下改变控制规则，导致对汽车控制时获得的横摆角速度、质心侧偏角、车轮转角与理想模型偏差大，车身侧倾角大，存在控制性能差的问题，提出新能源汽车主动四轮转向系统稳定性控制方法。构建了汽车横向动力学模型、垂直运动模型、运动状态方程以及路面输入模型，设计了自适应模糊控制器，将可调因子引入自适应模糊控制器中，使控制器可以适用于不同环境，完成新能源汽车主动四轮转向系统的稳定性控制。实验结果表明，所提方法应用后，可实现汽车主动四轮转向系统稳定性控制。     

多自由度人体—车辆—道路系统的建模与模拟

基于分析力学基本原理并结合人体、车辆和路面的实际状况,从动力学普遍方程推导了人体—车辆—道路系统的12自由度的振动力学模型。通过软件模拟,自动地生成有关非线性微分方程表达式,从而避免了复杂的手工推导;并通过数值分析,模拟了该系统对不同振动类型的响应,研究了人体和车辆的振动特征。所得结果对评价人体在振动车辆中的舒适性以及进一步深入研究该系统的振动, 改善道路和汽车的振动特性有一定的指导意义。     

轨道车辆车体磁流变弹性体吸振器的建模与仿真

以降低城市轨道交通车辆车体的垂向振动、提高乘客舒适度为目的,根据动力吸振器理论及磁流变弹性体刚度可调的特性,设计一种并联安装在车体底部的半主动式磁流变吸振器。为保证磁流变吸振器工作性能稳定,分析磁流变吸振器的磁路结构,利用多元回归分析法拟合励磁电流对磁流变弹性体工作区磁场强度的影响关系,提出励磁电流对磁场强度的控制算法。针对城轨车辆工况变化频繁、车体振动特性复杂的特点,建立对车体宽频振动适应性强的磁流变吸振器系统,研究其对车体垂向减振特性的影响,并利用Sperling指标验证了磁流变吸振器系统的减振能力。结果表明,所设计的磁流变吸振器结构紧凑且安全性高,对车下剩余空间的利用具有合理性;所建立的磁流变吸振器系统振动频带宽,可与车体始终处于谐振状态,使车辆的运行品质时刻保持在优级。论文的工作为利用磁流变弹性体的轨道车辆车体半主动式吸振器的应用提供了参考依据。     

Effect of the parameters of a material on the surface displacements caused by waves propagating in a layer

The amplitude—frequency characteristics of the vibrations of the surface of a free elastic layer are determined. These vibrations are caused by propagating Lamb waves under the action of a normal surface load. The changes in the spectra of surface displacements and in the tangential-to-normal displacement-amplitude ratios during changes in the Poisson ratio are studied. Studying the spectrum of surface displacements of an elastic layer is of interest owing to the necessity of discriminating modal components of the wave field [1] and as one of possible methods for determining some of the parameters of a material. The ratio of the amplitudes of the horizontal and vertical displacements as a function of the frequency of a vibration source is sensitive to the Poisson ratio of the material and the conditions of the contact with the base. The amplitude-frequency characteristics of the surface displacements of an elastic isotropic layer are plotted and compared to those obtained in the case of a layer that is in contact with a rigid base.     

Adaptive control of a vehicle-seat-human coupled model using quasi-zero-stiffness vibration isolator as seat suspension

We propose the quasi-zero-stiffness (QZS) vibration isolator as seat suspension to improve vehicle vibration isolation performance. The QZS vibration isolator is composed of vertical spring and two symmetric negative stiffness structures used as stiffness correctors. A vehicle-seat-human coupled model considering the QZS vibration isolator is established as a three degree-of-freedom (DOF) model; it is composed of a quarter car model and a simplified 1 DOF model combined vehicle seat and human body. This model considers the changing mass of the passengers and sets the total mass of the vehicle seat and human body as an uncertain parameter, which investigates the overload and unload conditions in practical engineering. To further improve the vehicle ride comfort, a constrained adaptive backstepping controller law based on the barrier Lyapunov function (BLF) is presented. The dynamic characteristic of the active vehicle-seathuman coupled model under shock excitation was analyzed using numerical method. The results show that the designed controller law can isolate the shock excitation transmitted from the road to the passengers effectively, and both the vehicle and seat suspension strokes remain in the allowed stroke range.     

高速动车组车下设备对车体振动传递与模态频率的影响机理研究

提出包含车下设备的高速动车组整备状态车体模态频率数值计算方法,并通过有限元分析及模态试验,验证该方法的准确性。理论研究车下设备对车体振动传递特性的影响,定义车体的名义垂向一阶弯曲模态频率,并结合数值计算、振动传递分析与模态试验分析,分析车下设备悬挂参数对车体模态频率的影响机理。研究表明,采用弹性吊挂的车下设备将与车体形成耦合振动系统,且耦合振动系统在原车体垂向一阶弯曲模态频率附近产生一个新的低频振动分量和一个新的高频振动分量;低频振动振型为车下设备垂向振动与车体垂向一阶弯曲振动同相,高频振动振型为二者反相振动;随着车下设备悬挂刚度的变化,车体的名义垂向一阶弯曲频率将会发生"频率跳变"现象。     

人-椅8自由度车辆系统的平顺性和稳定性研究

文中在Matlab/Simulink中搭建了人-椅8自由度车辆系统仿真模型,在仿真分析时考虑汽车前、后轮之间的延迟性,以路面随机信号作为输入激励,研究了汽车平顺性的时频特性,且分别通过4个轮胎的输入激励研究了汽车的稳定性.研究结果表明:路面输入为随机信号时,车身垂直加速度,车身俯仰角加速度,人-椅垂直加速度,前、后悬架...     

七桥油气悬架耦连方案对车身姿态的影响

七桥登高平台消防车油气悬架系统被侧倾和俯仰的中心面划分为4个部分,对每部分内悬架油缸并连后设计了4种耦连方案:四部分相互独立、对侧有杆腔连通、对侧交连和对角交连。建立各耦连油气悬架的数学模型和AMESim仿真模型,分析各耦连悬架的垂向、侧倾、俯仰及扭转的刚度特性和示功特性。对安装4种耦连油气悬架的车辆应用多轴耦合道路模拟试验台,试验研究了匀速、制动和转向工况下车身的垂向、侧倾和俯仰响应。试验结果与理论结果基本一致,对比分析表明:油气悬架耦连方案对车辆垂向振动影响较小、对车辆姿态稳定性影响很大,对侧交连的方案最适合质心位置高、侧翻阈值低的七桥登高平台消防车。     

汽车排气系统的模态实验分析

汽车排气系统的振动是影响汽车振动噪声和舒适度的主要因素之一,掌握其动态特性对优化汽车的NVH性能十分重要.针对某国产轿车的排气系统进行研究,利用B&K数据采集与分析系统对排气系统进行了自由状态下水平和垂直两个方向的测试和工况状态下的垂直方向的测试,得到了排气系统的主要固有频率和振型,为整车减振降噪水平的改善提供了的有效依据.     

基于足端位置的六足机器人漫游地形感知与表征

未知复杂地形的精准感知与量化表征长期制约着六足机器人运动性能与作业效能的本质提升。针对传统基于外部传感的地形感知与表征方法普遍存在的感知范围局限、感知精度不足、表征效果欠佳等突出问题,研究借鉴足式生物地形感知机理,充分利用足端与地形交替离散接触特性,创新提出基于足端位置的六足机器人漫游地形感知与表征方法。通过构建时变机体坐标系下足端位置解算模型,解决漫游地形无序足端序列坐标高效求取难题。基于足端序列的周期化处理与矢量化描述,建立基于周期足端位置状态的局部地形量化表征方法,间接构建时变机体位姿与局部地形间周期映射关系。系统分析相邻周期机体位姿间耦合约束与变换机制,建立基于机体位姿变换的全局形貌拓扑重构方法,以连续精准机体位姿作为参照实现周期映射局部地形的拓扑拼接。样机实验结果表明,基于足端位置的六足机器人地形感知与表征方法相比传统方法能够在无需增设外部观测传感器件条件下较为精准合理的量化表征不同特征局部地形,并实现漫游地形全局形貌的精准拓扑重构。     

Abnormal Vertical Dynamic Performance of Subway Vehicles

A serious wheel out-of-round phenomenon exists in a certain subway vehicle in China. More seriously, the vertical vibration of car body of this subway vehicle will go beyond the restriction of the standard criterion when the wheel out-of-round exceeds 0.2 mm in radial direction. And the wheel out-of-round problem could not be solved by polishing the rail or re-profiling wheels. Aimed at this problem, a further analysis is conducted on the structure and the suspension systems of the subway vehicle. It is thought that the additional stiffness function of the traction bar, caused by the short length and the bigger connection stiffness of the traction bar, leads to the problem that the subway vehicle is sensitive to the vertical impact. By taking into account the stiffness of the traction bar, dynamic simulation models of the subway vehicle are set up to study the influence of the additional stiffness function of the traction bar on the vertical dynamic performance of the subway vehicle through the simulation method. The response of the subway vehicle to vertical impact of a triangle pitch is also simulated. Simulation results indicate that the connection between the car body and the bogie will become rigid and the damping function of the secondary suspension will be decreased due to the additional stiffness of the traction bar in braking condition or running on curve track. Then the vertical response of the car body to vertical impact will be strengthened and the vertical ride index decreased. The vertical dynamic performance of the subway vehicle will be improved through the method of decreasing the connection stiffness of the traction bar, which has been validated by the simulation results. This method of improvement can effectively solve the problem of abnormal dynamic performance of this subway vehicle, and provide a foundation for a new theory about the traction bar system design.     

基于有限单元法铰接式车辆后车架优化分析

铰接式车辆后车体受力情况复杂,设计中需要重点分析.根据整车的受力情况,对后车体和后车架的受力情况进行分析,获取不同工况下的受力特点;基于有限单元法搭建后车体的强度分析模型,选取水平插入工况、后轮离地工况和前轮离地等三种典型工况进行分析,获取各工况下应力的极值点;基于分析结果对后车架进行结构和工艺优化设计;采用应变花对优...     

滚筒振动对铺粉质量影响的离散元模拟

以Al₂O₃陶瓷粉末为研究对象，建立了Al₂O₃陶瓷粉末流动的离散元方法模型。针对增材制造铺粉工艺中滚筒振动对粉床质量的影响问题，模拟滚筒振动方向、振幅和频率对粉床的密实性、均匀性和平整度的影响规律。仿真结果表明：滚筒轴向振动可提高粉床密实性和均匀性，却会导致粉床平整度变差；滚筒径向振动会导致较差的粉床平整度，当振幅大于8 μm时，颗粒的压缩和回弹效应导致粉床质量显著降低；滚筒切向振动可以提高粉床的密实性和均匀性，对粉床平整度影响很小，但切向振动频率过高容易引起粉末飞溅。研究表明在切向方向对滚筒施加低频的振动可以有效提高增材制造粉床质量。     

汽车半主动悬架的鲁棒控制

在多自由度车辆动力学模型的基础上，设计了一个基于多输入系统的滑模控制器。研究了系统在随机激励条件下的频域响应，计算了响应均方根值。考查了滑模控制器在变参数条件下的鲁棒特性。仿真结果表明，多输入系统的滑模控制器控制性能稳定，对于系统参数的改变，具有良好的鲁棒特性，采用滑模控制器的半主动悬架，其车身垂直加速度、俯仰角加速度及前后悬动挠度均得到明显的抑制，说明控制器的控制效果显著。     

足式机器人的稳定行走*

足式机器人在行走过程中,足端与地面之间的法向冲击力将影响机器人的在垂直方向上的稳定性。被动柔顺可以减小垂直冲击力但同时可引发平台持续震荡。针对该问题,设计基于足端力反馈的主动柔顺控制器,分析其对机器人垂直稳定性的影响。机器人由于机械间隙、步态、路面等因素将出现足端打滑现象,导致机器人水平方向失稳。引入摆腿回缩技术,分析摆腿回缩对机器人水平稳定性能的影响。仿真和液压足式机器人行走试验验证提出方法的有效性,提高了机器人行走过程中的垂直和水平方向稳定性。