延迟容忍网络的安全网络编码方案

当前针对污染攻击的解决方案需要公钥基础设施支持,但这对于移动Ad hoc网络而言并不可取,因此提出了无需公钥基础设施的网络编码方案。所提方案允许数据包相互验证,从而使中间节点可判断这些包是否可以未经源验证即可共同编码。分析和比较了其他签名方案,表明无需公钥的网络编码签名功能足以防止污染攻击。     

Public key distribution scheme for delay tolerant networks based on two-channel cryptography

A delay tolerant network (DTN) is a store carry and forward network characterized by highly mobile nodes, intermittent connectivity with frequent disruptions, limited radio range and physical obstructions. Emerging applications of DTN include rural DTN, vehicular DTN and pocket DTN. The development of DTN raises a number of security-related challenges due to inconsistent network access and unreliable end-to-end network path. One of the challenges is initial secure context establishment as it is unrealistic to assume that public key infrastructure (PKI) is always globally present and available, hence, the public key management becomes an open problem for DTN. In this paper, for the first time, we propose a dynamic virtual digraph (DVD) model for public key distribution study by extending graph theory and then present a public key distribution scheme for pocket DTN based on two-channel cryptography. By distinguishing between owners and carriers, public key exchange and authentication issues in the decentralized pocket DTN environment can be solved by a two-channel cryptography process and our simulation results have proven it.     

Fault tolerant data transmission reduction method for wireless sensor networks

World Wide Web - Several theoretical studies have clearly demonstrated that the Dual Prediction Mechanism (DPM) remains the most efficient technique for data reduction in Wireless Sensor Networks...     

A dynamic multicast tree based routing scheme without replication in delay tolerant networks

Delay tolerant networks (DTNs) are a special type of wireless mobile networks which may lack continuous network connectivity. Multicast is an important routing function that supports the distribution of data to a group of users: a service needed for many potential DTN applications. While multicasting in the Internet and in mobile ad hoc networks has been studied extensively, efficient multicasting in DTNs is a considerably different and challenging problem due to the probabilistic nature of contact among nodes. This paper aims to provide a non-replication multicasting scheme in DTNs while keeping the number of forwardings low. The address of each destination is not replicated, but is assigned to a particular node based on its contact rate level and active level. Our scheme is based on a dynamic multicast tree where each leaf node corresponds to a destination. Each tree branch is generated at a contact based on the compare–split rule proposed in this paper. The compare part determines when a new search branch is needed, and the split part decides how the destination set should be partitioned. When only one destination is left in the destination set, we use either wait (no further relay) or focus (with further relay) to reach the final destination. The effectiveness of our approach is verified through extensive simulations. Ratio-based-split performs best in the compare–split step, both in synthetic and real traces. Using the wait scheme can reduce the number of forwardings, while using the focus scheme can reduce the latency.     

一种分区管理的温室传感器网络数据传输技术

基于无线传感器网络能量受限的特点,结合温室的结构特征,从网络结构设计入手,提出一种将温室网络划分成多个子网实现分区管理的数据传输技术。移动汇聚节点部署在温室上方的轨道上,在移动过程中分时地与相应区域内的传感器节点构成星形网络进行数据传输。详细介绍了此方案的网络模型、通信机制,以及其中的重要参数。研究结果表明：此方法与LEACH相比可节省能耗30％以上。     

延迟容忍移动无线传感器网络路由分析

延迟容忍移动无线传感器网络DTMSN（Delay Tolerant Mobile Sensor Networks）用于广泛数据收集,传统传感器网络的数据收集方法在DTMSN中并不适用。为此研究了DTMSN的特性,分析了目前常用的几种DTMSN路由算法的特点,并通过详细的仿真实验给出了这几种算法的性能指标,如数据的平均传输成功率,传输能耗、传输延迟及网络寿命。     

A reinforcement learning-based routing for delay tolerant networks

Delay Tolerant Reinforcement-Based (DTRB) is a delay tolerant routing solution for IEEE 802.11 wireless networks which enables device to device data exchange without the support of any pre-existing network infrastructure. The solution utilizes Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning techniques to learn about routes in the network and forward/replicate the messages that produce the best reward. The rewarding process is executed by a learning algorithm based on the distances between the nodes, which are calculated as a function of time from the last meetings. DTRB is a flooding-based delay tolerant routing solution. The simulation results show that DTRB can deliver more messages than a traditional delay tolerant routing solution does in densely populated areas, with similar end-to-end delay and lower network overhead.     

延迟容忍网络中自适应拥塞控制机制研究

由于延迟容忍网络（DTN）的不稳定连接和高延时特性,传统的拥塞控制方法并不适用于DTN。提出一种基于节点状态的自适应拥塞控制机制（ACC-NS）。为满足不同的服务质量需求,将网络中的消息分为普通消息和特殊消息,其中特殊消息要求更高的传输率。根据节点的拥塞程度将节点状态分为三个等级,每个节点根据自己所处的拥塞状态和当前缓存空间使用率自主决策消息的接收行为。将VACCINE和基于消息相遇计数方法进行结合,以清除冗余消息副本。将ACC-NS和另两种经典的路由协议进行对比,ACC-NS实现了更好的性能。     

节点密度感知的容迟网络路由协议*

为适应容迟网络的动态变化,提高路由性能,结合空间节点分布和节点度中心性,提出一种节点密度感知的容迟网络路由协议DAR。该协议引入移动模型的节点分布,通过感知节点当前所处位置的节点密度,动态选择在网络中传播的消息副本数量,并根据节点的度中心性选择中继和分配消息副本数量。仿真结果表明,DAR能够提高传输率、降低传输延迟,在一定程度上降低了资源消耗。     

无线传感网中数据传输延时优化的路由协议

针对无线传感器网络中存在的数据包丢失严重以及端到端延时较高的问题,提出了一种数据传输延时优化的路由协议（RPODTD）。首先,根据数据包传输结果对信道探测情况进行分类,引入有效探测占比与传输效率作为节点的评价指标;然后,通过实际延时以及理论延时的差值估算数据包的排队延时;最后,给定最大和最小排队延时阈值,根据排队延时所属的区间判断是否更改传输路径。在OMNeT++上进行的仿真实验中,与基于链路质量和延时的复合负载均衡路由协议（ComLoB）和拥塞避免多路径路由协议（CA-RPL）相比,RPODTD节点的平均端到端延时分别降低了78.87%和51.81%,节点丢包率分别降低了40.71%和68.43%,节点的死亡率分别降低了25.42%和44.62%。仿真结果表明,RPODTD能有效地减少端到端延时,降低丢包率,延长网络生命周期。     

An encounter-based multicast scheme for disruption tolerant networks

Some ad hoc network scenarios are characterized by frequent partitions and intermittent connectivity. Hence, existing ad hoc routing schemes that assume that an end-to-end path exists from a source to a destination do not work in such challenging environment. A store-and-forward network architecture known as the disruption tolerant network (DTN) has been designed for such challenging network environments. Several unicast and multicast routing schemes have been designed for DTNs. However, the existing multicast routing schemes assume a route discovery process that is similar to the existing ad hoc network routing approach. Thus, in this paper, we design an encounter-based multicast routing (EBMR) scheme for DTNs which uses fewer hops for message delivery. We first describe how the EBMR scheme works and then present an analytical framework to estimate the delivery performance of the EBMR scheme. Next, we present some comparisons of the analytical and simulation results to show that our analytical framework provides delivery performance estimates that match closely the observed simulation results. Last but not least, we present simulation results to study the delivery performance of EBMR in different scenarios, e.g. different mobility models, different multicast group size, different number of multicast groups and different node speed. We also compare the performance of the EBMR scheme with other DTN multicast strategies. Our simulation results indicate that the EBMR scheme can achieve higher delivery ratio while maintaining high data transmission efficiency compared to other multicast strategies.     

一种新的移动自组网的数据传输策略*

为了提供移动自组网端到端的健壮的数据传输策略,对基于地理信息的路由协议进行优化,重点解决由于骨干节点停止工作后容易导致的整个网络快速崩溃问题,实现了能量的均衡。同时,根据排队理论,提出了一种移动节点的数据传输等候队列的调度策略,增加了移动自组网的端到端可靠的数据传输。基于NS的仿真实验,从路由协议选择、路由协议优化、数据传输等候队列调度策略方面展示提出的传输策略的优势。实验结果表明,该传输策略提高了节点能量利用率和节点生存时间,增加了数据传输的成功率,提高了网络的稳定性。     

An efficient anonymous authentication mechanism for delay tolerant networks

Security and privacy are crucial to the wide deployments of delay tolerant networks. Without security and privacy guarantees, people are reluctant to accept such a new network paradigm. To address the security and privacy issues in delay tolerant networks, in this paper, based on ID-based ring signatures and Merkle hash tree techniques, we present a new efficient anonymous authentication mechanism. The newly proposed mechanism not only achieves good security properties, including authentication, anonymity and confidentiality, but also has strong robustness and high efficiency.     

无线传感器网络中能耗平衡的传输策略

分簇无线传感器网络中存在着能量空洞的问题,而能量均匀消耗被认为是解决该问题的有效方法。将圆形无线传感器网络划分成不同宽度的同心圆,提出混合单跳传输和多跳传输的策略,以实现能量均匀消耗。与其他已经存在的研究不同,提出的策略针对的是传感器平均能量消耗的平衡,并能用线性方程组计算出多跳转发和单跳转发的概率。数值计算证实本方案能保证不同位置传感器平均能量消耗平衡,且能保持总体能量消耗在某个较低的水平。     

延迟容忍网络路由协议研究*

简介延迟容忍网络,论述和追踪国内外延迟容忍网络路由协议的研究进展,对现有的延迟容忍网络路由协议进行了分类研究,着重介绍了一些经典路由协议,对不同类别路由协议的特点和性能进行了分析和比较,并详细介绍了冗余副本消除,最后提出延迟容忍网络路由协议需要解决的问题和进一步的研究方向。     

基于效用的容迟网络路由技术研究*

容迟网络作为移动自组网和传感器网络最新的发展形式,在智能公路、生物监测、卫星通信、乡村通信、个人信息交换等领域具有十分广阔的应用前景。容迟网络路由设计是一个富有挑战性和前景的新兴研究领域,本文概述了容迟网络路由技术的发展、面临的挑战和评价指标,对容迟网络路由协议进行了分类,详细介绍了目前主要基于效用的路由协议基本原理和特点,并进行深入分析和比较,最后结合该领域当前研究现状,对未来研究容迟网络效用路由算法进行了总结和展望。     

Reasonable routing in delay/disruption tolerant networks

Delay/disruption tolerant networking (DTN) is an approach to networking where intermittent connectivity exists: it is often afforded by a store and forward technique. Depending on the capability of intermediary nodes to carry and forward messages, messages can be eventually delivered to their destination by mobile nodes with an appropriate routing protocol. To have achieved a successful delivery, most DTN routing protocols use message duplication methods. Although messages are rapidly transferred to the destination, the redundancy in the number of message copies increases rapidly. This paper presents a new routing scheme based on a stochastic process for epidemic routing. Message redundancy is efficiently reduced and the number of message copies is controlled reasonably. During the contact process of nodes in the network, the number of message copies changes, and according to the variability in the number of copies, we construct a special Markov chain, birth and death process, on the number of message copies then calculate and obtain a stationary distribution of the birth and death process. Comparing the theoretical model with the simulation we have performed we see similar results. Our method improves on time-to-live (TTL) and antipacket methods, in both redundancy and delivery success efficiency.     

基于委托转发技术的延迟容忍网络组播路由算法*

针对延迟容忍网络中的组播路由问题,提出了一种基于委托转发技术的组播路由算法。该算法是在详细分析组播路由设计需求的基础上,结合延迟容忍网络中节点移动特性,对委托转发技术中节点属性值和节点对转发标准进行重新设计。其节点属性值是面向组播会话的,节点对转发标准是动态适应网络状态的。仿真结果表明,相比于其他基于复制方式的组播路由算法,该算法具有更好的性能,尤其是在对网络开销的控制方面,因此,更适用于延迟容忍网络。     

面向车载容迟网络的连通性建模与仿真研究

针对车载容迟网络连通性建模进行了研究。首先假设车辆驶入道路的过程服从泊松分布,以及车辆在道路上的行驶速度服从正态分布。继而对基于泊松过程的车间时距分布进行推导,并以此导出行驶车辆在道路上的连通概率。为了验证所提假设和连通模型的正确性和有效性,以欧洲城市卢森堡在7:30 a.m.~8:30 a.m.时间段内的交通数据为实验场景,在城市交通仿真平台（simulation of urban mobility,SUMO）对车辆速度的概率分布、车辆到达率、道路中的平均车辆数及网络连通概率进行了理论计算和仿真实验分析。实验结果表明理论模型的计算值和仿真结果是一致的,所提出的假设和连通模型具有合理性和正确性。