高温比例与非比例加载下多轴疲劳寿命预测

针对拉扭多轴疲劳加载情况,分析最大剪切平面上的应变特性。利用临界损伤平面原理确定不同加载参数下的临界损伤平面,在此基础上提出一种基于单轴疲劳材料常数和高温蠕变特性的高温多轴疲劳寿命预测模型。利用高温合金材料GH4169薄壁管疲劳试样在控制应变拉扭循环加载下的试验数据,对所提出的寿命模型进行验证。结果表明,在高温低周拉扭循环加载下,所提出的高温疲劳寿命预测模型可以较好地预测高温疲劳寿命。     

On properties at interfaces of friction welded near-nanostructured Al 5083 alloys

Equal-channel angular pressing is a material processing method that allows very high strains to be imposed, which leads to extreme work hardening and micro-structural refinement, with minimal change of external sample dimensions. It offers possibilities of good mechanical properties, such as high strength and ductility, while allowing flexibility of choice of alloy composition for better corrosion behavior, lower materials costs, and so on. This study characterizes for the first time the microstructure and properties of aluminum friction welded after severe plastic deformation via the equal-channel angular pressing method. In this study, 5,083 aluminum alloys, which were exposed to severe plastic deformation using square cross-sectional equal-channel angular pressing die, were joined with friction welding method. It was found that tensile and fatigue strengths of severe plastic deformed and welded specimens were higher than those of the purchased specimens. Hardness values were also consistent with the strength results. However, the refining of grain size as shown from microstructures results in a significant increase in hardness and mechanical properties.     

保载时间对P92钢蠕变-疲劳交互行为的影响

为研究保载时间对蠕变-疲劳寿命和应力-应变响应的影响规律,对P92钢在650℃下进行了应变幅为±0.5％,保载时间为36,600,3600 s的蠕变-疲劳试验,采用Chaboche塑性本构模型和应变强化蠕变模型进行有限元模拟,并对P92钢断裂试样进行透射电镜检测.试验结果表明:保载时间增长导致拉压屈服极限降低,最大拉应...     

Creep-fatigue crack growth behavior in GH4169 superalloy

This study aims to examine the crack growth behavior of turbine disc GH4169 superalloy under creep-fatigue loading. Crack growth experiments were performed on compact tension specimens using trapezoidal waveform with dwell time at the maximum load at 650 °C. The crack growth rate of GH4169 superalloy significantly increased with dwell time. The grain boundaries oxidize during the dwell process, thereby inducing an intergranular creep-fatigue fracture mode. In addition, testing data under the same dwell time showed scattering at the crack growth rate. Consequently, a modified model based on the Saxena equation was proposed by introducing a distribution factor for the crack growth rate. Microstructural observation confirmed that the small grain size and high volume fraction of the d phase led to a fast creep-fatigue crack growth rate at 650 °C, thus indicating that two factors, namely, fine grain and presence of the d phase at the grain boundary, increased the amount of weakened interface at high temperature, in which intergranular cracks may form and propagate.     

P91钢的蠕变-疲劳交互作用研究现状

综述了国内外关于P91钢的蠕变-疲劳试验,以及前人在试验数据基础上开展的蠕变-疲劳交互作用研究和蠕变-疲劳寿命预测模型研究。综述前人的研究成果,得到了以下结论：应变控制的蠕变-疲劳试验,试验过程中保载时间会发生变化;应变控制的蠕变-疲劳试验认为蠕变与疲劳互相促进作用,应力控制的蠕变-疲劳试验认为疲劳抑制了蠕变;修正的延性耗损模型较适用于预测P91钢的蠕变-疲劳寿命;试验条件相同的情况下,对于CF（Creep-fatigue）试验与RF（Re-laxation Fatigue）试验,CF寿命明显小于RF寿命;利用ASME规范预测的寿命偏于保守,利用RCC-MR/DDS规范预测的寿命稍高于试验值。     

脉冲电流对金属材料塑性变形和组织结构与性能的影响

脉冲电流对金属材料的塑性变形、组织结构和力学性能有显著影响。利用高强脉冲电流可显著改善金属材料的加工性能及力学性能；能改变疲劳损伤金属材料的位错组态，提高其疲劳寿命；能促进一些冷变形合金的再结晶过程；能减少合金凝固组织中的缩孔、缩松。由于利用脉冲电流可改善金属材料加工性能及力学性能，并促进组织结构转变，因此在金属材料加工和组织结构调整等领域有着广阔的应用前景。     

预滚压对含缺陷轮轨材料滚动接触疲劳性能的影响

对含缺陷的未预滚压和预滚压车轮钢试样分别进行滚动接触疲劳试验,观察表面缺陷的形貌变化过程,分析预滚压和缺陷尺寸对轮轨材料滚动接触疲劳性能的影响。通过有限元方法分析缺陷附近材料的应力状态,通过多轴疲劳模型分析缺陷尺寸对滚动接触疲劳裂纹萌生规律的影响。试验结果表明:由于表层材料的塑性变形,未滚压车轮试样的缺陷尺寸随滚动周次的增加而减小;超过一定周次后,由于塑性变形不再累积,缺陷尺寸基本保持不变;预滚压处理通过减小表层材料的塑性变形,可抑制缺陷尺寸的减小,从而降低车轮试样的疲劳寿命;缺陷尺寸的增加会进一步降低预滚压试样的疲劳寿命;在油润滑条件下,预滚压和表面缺陷对车轮材料摩擦磨损性能没有显著影响。仿真结果表明,当缺陷尺寸从200μm增加至400μm,最大剪应力幅值从缺陷底部转移至缺陷中部,疲劳裂纹萌生位置也随之改变。     

Preliminary application of the draft code case for alloy 617 for a high temperature component

The ASME draft Code Case for Alloy 617 was developed in the late 1980s for the design of very-high-temperature gas cooled reactors. The draft Code Case was patterned after the ASME Code Section III Subsection NH and was intended to cover Ni-Cr-Co-Mo Alloy 617 to 982°C (1800°F). But the draft Code Case is still in an incomplete status, lacking necessary material properties and design data. In this study, a preliminary evaluation on the creep-fatigue damage for a high temperature hot duct pipe structure has been carried out according to the draft Code Case. The evaluation procedures and results according to the draft Code Case for Alloy 617 material were compared with those of the ASME Subsection NH and RCC-MR for Alloy 800H material. It was shown that many data including material properties, fatigue and creep data should be supplemented for the draft Code Case. However, when the evaluation results on the creep-fatigue damage according to the draft Code Case, ASME-NH and RCC-MR were compared based on the preliminary evaluation, it was shown that the Alloy 617 results from the draft Code Case tended to be more resistant to the creep damage while less resistant to the fatigue damage than those from the ASME-NH and RCC-MR.     

GH536合金高温低周疲劳/蠕变交互作用性能研究

在对镍基高温合金 GH5 3 6在三种不同温度下含保载的低循环疲劳 /蠕变试验中发现 ,蠕变变形的增加导致了疲劳寿命的降低。另外 ,给出了材料的蠕变应变 -寿命关系 ,讨论了材料的疲劳 /蠕变特性随温度的变化     

Effect of Composition and Physical Properties of Silicon Nitride on Rolling Wear and Fatigue Performance

The improved performance of silicon nitride components over all-steel bearings in several applications has been demonstrated. However, the effects of grain size, intergranular phase composition, fracture toughness, and hardness on rolling wear and fatigue performance are not completely understood. Three commercial bearing materials were tested under standard conditions and their physical properties were obtained. Wear and fatigue properties were compared to physical properties and material composition. It was found that a high fracture toughness is not required for high fatigue life and wear resistance. Total wear and fatigue life of the assembly must be considered, in addition to performance of the ceramic material alone, for specific applications. Grain boundary composition did not appear to affect the wear mechanism of these hot-isostatically-pressed materials.     

复杂加载条件下压力容器典型用钢疲劳蠕变寿命预测方法

针对多轴应力状态,探讨压力容器典型用钢16MnR缺口试样的高温疲劳与循环蠕变交互作用行为,在延性耗竭理论和损伤力学基础上,建立一种半寿命平均位移速率寿命预测模型,采用该方法对不同缺口半径试样的高温疲劳寿命进行了较好的预测.针对多级加载条件,研究316L钢的循环变形行为,探讨疲劳蠕变与动态应变时效之间的耦合作用,在延性耗竭理论基础上,建立非线性损伤演化模型,考虑多级加载时的载荷历程效应,提出一种新的损伤累积准则,采用该方法对二级加载条件下的疲劳蠕变寿命进行了较好的预测.     

Effect of strain amplitude and temperature on creep-fatigue behaviors of 9–12 % Cr steel

The creep-fatigue behaviors of P92 steel under strain range of 0.3 %–0.5 % and test temperature of 600–650 °C was studied carefully in this paper. With the increase of temperature, the creep-fatigue life is significantly reduced, and more vulnerable to temperature than strain amplitude. In addition, the dislocation density decreases with increasing creep fatigue, and the martensite laths become coarser. Furthermore, the increase of strain amplitude leads to more significant secondary cracks and fatigue striation. The higher temperature causes much deeper and larger dimples. During the test, the growth and accumulation of precipitates inevitably lead to stress concentration, resulting in material fracture and destruction. Finally, the linear cumulative damage (LCD), the modified ductility exhaustion (MDE) and the frequency separation life (FSL) model are used to predict the creep-fatigue life of P92 steel, and it is found that the frequency separation life model had the highest prediction accuracy among the threes.

     

试样重组技术在CRDM管座材料性能评估中的应用

由于试验材料有限,采用试样重组技术将前期破断冲击试样重组成新的试样,对某电站CRDM管座晶粒度和夹杂物尺寸超标的母材进行性能复验。采用无损检测、金相、硬度和冲击试验对焊接工艺进行验证后,将合格的焊接工艺应用于最终试样的重组中。最终重组试样的冲击功远高于RCC-M 2007规范中的指标要求,本批次材料晶粒度和夹杂物尺寸超标对母材的冲击性能没有造成明显的劣化。     

高温环境下编织-嵌槽型金属橡胶的疲劳特性分析

采用拉-压式组合试验工装,以位移控制的加载方式对编织-嵌槽型金属橡胶进行了疲劳试验,研究了常温（25 ℃）及高温（300 ℃）环境下编织-嵌槽型金属橡胶在不同加载振幅下的疲劳特性,并通过平均刚度、等效黏性阻尼系数及其损伤因子对构件的损伤演化过程进行了表征。结果表明：编织-嵌槽型金属橡胶构件的疲劳损伤形式表现为磨损、断丝以及塑性变形;构件在各种试验条件下的疲劳过程均可分为刚度强化期和刚度衰减期,而构件力学性能的衰减主要发生在刚度衰减期;温度的升高或振幅的增大均会显著增大构件的积累损伤,进而缩短其使用寿命。     

时间相关疲劳寿命预测应变能新模型

本文论述的应变能模型（SEM）包含了作者提出的应变能力区分法（SEP）和应就能频率分离法（SEFS）。SEP和SEFS是著名的应变范围区分法（SRP）、频率分离法（FS）和Ostergren模型的综合与改进。比较了上述五种寿命预测方法对三种不同强度和延性材料1Cr18Ni18Ti、GH36和GH33A（包括三种不同工艺条件）的蠕变-疲劳寿命预测能力,SEEP与SEFS比其他三种方法较佳。最后,对GH33A在700℃下的时间相关疲劳断口分析表明与其寿命长短密切相关。     

30Cr2Ni4MoV转子钢II型裂纹的疲劳扩展行为

材料疲劳裂纹扩展(Fatigue crack propagation,FCP)速率是表征材料抗疲劳破坏的重要力学性能指标,是对核反应堆工程、化工、航空、航天、高铁等关键工程进行结构完整性评价的重要依据。采用Arcan试样对30Cr2Ni4MoV转子钢的II型裂纹疲劳扩展行为进行研究,结合已有裂纹扩展方向预测准则对II型裂纹疲劳扩展方向进行预测,结果表明,最大周向应力准则可以较好地预测II型裂纹疲劳扩展方向。采用紧凑拉伸(Compact tension,CT)试样获取30Cr2Ni4MoV转子钢的I型裂纹疲劳扩展速率,对比I型裂纹和II型裂纹的疲劳扩展试验获得的FCP速率与J积分范围关系趋势,二者较为接近。针对30Cr2Ni4MoV转子钢,依据Arcan试样获得的II型裂纹疲劳扩展速率试验结果可用于结构裂纹扩展剩余寿命的预测。     

The effect of grain flow orientation on the fretting fatigue characteristics of forged AMS6415 steel

The effect of grain flow orientation on the fretting fatigue response of AMS6415 steel specimens in contact with fretting pads of the same material obtained from a shaft-propeller flange forging was investigated statistically. Coupon specimens were machined from one forging. The specimens were obtained at two different orientations (radial and tangential) with respect to the forging axis. S-N (maximum stress versus the number of stress cycles to complete fracture) fretting fatigue tests were performed with a randomized paired comparison test matrix. The nominal maximum fatigue stress was +400 MPa, with an R ratio of +0.05, and the nominal normal contact pressure was ?40 MPa.Resultant test data were studied statistically. Student t tests, analysis of variance tests and Weibull analyses were performed. Test results suggested strongly, but not conclusively, with 90% confidence, that fretting fatigue lives of tangential specimens had a larger mean and a greater variance than those of the radial specimens. Metallographic and fractographic observations also were performed and are presented in this paper.     

Fretting fatigue in 2XXX series aerospace aluminium alloys

This research investigated the effects of microstructural characteristics on the fretting response in 2XXX series aerospace aluminium alloys. Fretting fatigue tests were conducted to determine the influence of slip character, alloy purity, grain structure and yield strength on fretting crack nucleation and growth. Crack length measurements and micrographs of the specimens indicated there was no significant difference in the fretting response of these alloys based on their microstructural characteristics. Results also showed that fretting caused cracks to nucleate in the first 1–5% of total life which resulted in much shorter fatigue lives. Additionally, fretting normalized the nucleation time in all alloys, eliminating the differences in intrinsic fatigue nucleation resistance. This resulted in the alloys with the highest stress-life (S–N) fatigue properties exhibiting a greater reduction in fatigue strength under fretting conditions. The total fretting fatigue life appeared to be primarily determined by the fatigue crack propagation resistance of the alloys.     

汽车结构件低载强化的微观分析

为了从微观上解释汽车构件低载强化产生的原因,利用透射电镜对汽车前轴低载强化前后微观组织特征进行了深入研究。结果表明：经过低载强化后,造成材料晶界附近位错高度缠绕,形成位错墙;晶粒变形时的晶界摩擦力增大,晶内的晶胞原子结合更紧密,在高载荷的反复作用下晶格常数仍能基本保持不变,晶界强化则是低载强化微观上的主要原因。     

氮化硅陶瓷球显微结构与滚动接触疲劳性能

利用扫描电子显微技术分析了4种氮化硅陶瓷球的显微结构，用新研制的三点接触纯滚动加速疲劳试验机，试验研究了4种陶瓷球的接触疲劳性能，并对疲劳球表面进行了显微观察。研究表明，相同试验工况下，不同的显微结构，其韧性、强度、寿命和温升明显不同。细小致密的等轴状晶粒、玻璃相少的陶瓷球的滚动接触疲劳性能优于长针状晶粒、玻璃相多的陶瓷球。